贵州植物区系增补

本文报道了贵州种子植物地理分布新记录属6个,新记录种14个,新记录变种1个。     

贵州省拟大萼苔属Cephaloziella植物的初步研究

在查阅文献和标本的基础上,对贵州省拟大萼苔属Cephaloziella植物进行了系统的整理和研究,初步理清了该属植物在贵州的分布,确认贵州省拟大萼苔属植物有8种1变种。其中,刺茎拟大萼苔C.spinicaulis为贵州新记录种,并提供了该种的详细形态描述。本研究还编制了贵州省拟大萼苔属植物的分种检索表。     

江西齐云山自然保护区苔藓植物研究

通过野外考察和标本鉴定,江西齐云山自然保护区共有苔藓植物52科98属191种(包括2亚种和3变种),其中苔类植物22科27属46种1亚种,藓类植物30科71属140种1亚种3变种.报道江西新记录科3科:裸蒴苔科(Haplomitriaceae)、南溪苔科(Makinoaceae)和带叶苔科(Pallaviciniaceae);江西新记录属5属:裸蒴苔属(Haplomitrium)、南溪苔属(Makinoa)、带叶苔属(Pallavicinia)、黄角苔属(Phaeoceros)和细指苔属(Kurzia),以及24种苔类植物为江西新记录.     

贵州轮藻新分类群和新记录

本文报道采自贵州的轮藻植物,计有4个新种(平滑丽藻Nitella rasilis sp．nov., 沼泽丽藻N．paludosa sp．nov.,拟乳突丽藻N．pseudopapillata sp．nov． 贵州丽藻N．guizhouensis sp．nov．);1个新变种(奇异丽藻疏枝变种N．mirabilis var. libera var. nov.);3个新记录(笔状丽藻N．penicillata Braun缅甸轮藻Chara burmanica Pal,普生轮藻裸枝变种C．vulgaris var. gymnophylla (A．Br.) Nyman), 而拟松形轮藻 C. pseudohydropitys Imahori为大陆首次发现。     

云南叉蕨属(Tectaria Cav.)的增补与订正

叉蕨属是蕨类植物的大属之一,全世界约150种,分布于世界热带及亚热带地区。据记载,中国 有27种、2变种,分布在长江以南,仅有2种北达长江以北四川境内,而大部分种类集中分布在云南。近 来,笔者主要对保存在中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本室的标本进行了清理,也参考了中国科学院植物 研究所标本馆的标本,这些标本不少是近年来所采集,其中,发现1新种并有1种和1变种为中国新记 录,1种为云南新记录,1种为贵州新记录,有4个种名是新异名,即Tectaria cosimilis Ching et C．H．Wang, T．decurrenti-calata Ching et C．H．Wang,T．fengii Ching et C. H．Wang,T．Simaoensis Ching et C.H．Wang。至此,所知云南产叉蕨属有22种、2变种。     

北京植物增补

本文报道了《北京植物志》未记录的植物计31种、3变种、1变型。其中26种、3变种为北京植物区系新记录;4个属(水龙骨属、银穗草属、珊瑚兰属、虎舌兰属)为北京新记录属。     

葡萄风信子MaMYB114基因的克隆及功能研究

报道了陕西省种子植物区系新记录的1属、4种及1变种。新记录属为菊科(Asteraceae)的兔耳一枝箭属[Piloselloides(Lessing) C. Jeffrey ex Cufodontis],新记录种及变种分别为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)的单瓣月季花[Rosa chinensis Jacq.var.spontanea(Rehd.et Wils.) Yüet Ku],藤黄科(Clusiaceae)的遍地金(Hypericum wightianum Wall. ex Wight et Arn.),八角枫科(Alangiaceae)的小花八角枫(Alangium faberi Oliv.),菊科(Asteraceae)的兔耳一枝箭[Piloselloides hirsuta(Forsskal) C. Jeffrey ex Cufodontis],莎草科(Cyperaceae)的溪生薹草(Carex fluviatilis Boott)。标本均存放于陕西省西安植物园植物标本馆(XBGH)。     

贵州玄参科的一些新记录种及其生态地理分布的特点

在编写贵州玄参科植物志的过程中 ,已知自然分布于贵州的玄参科有 2 5属 80种 2变种。报道了其中 7个贵州新记录种 ,同时讨论了贵州玄参科的生态地理分布特点。     

湖南植物区系增补

湖南种子植物地理分布新记录属1个,新记录种15个,新记录变种2个。     

贵州玄参科的一引新记录种及其生态地理分布的特点

在编写贵州玄参科植物志的过程中,已知自然分布于贵州的玄参科有25属80种2变种,报道了其中7个贵州新记录种,同时讨论了贵州玄参科的生态地理分布特点。     

Human C4 haplotypes with duplicated C4A or C4B

In the course of study of families for the sixth chromosome markers HLA-A, C, B, D/DR, BF, and C2, the two loci for C4, C4A, and C4B, and glyoxalase I, we encountered five examples of probable duplication of one or the other of the two loci for C4. In one of these, both parents and one sib expressed two different structural genes for C4B, one sib expressed one, and one sib expressed none, suggesting that two C4B alleles were carried on a single haplotype: HLA-A2, B7, DR3, BFS1, C2C, C4A2, C4B1, C4B2, GLO1. In a second case, two siblings inherited C4B*1 and C4B*2 from one parent and C4B*Q0 from the other. This duplication appeared on the chromosome as HLA-AW33, B14, DR1, BFS, C2C, C4A2, C4B1, C4B2, GLO2. In a third, very large family with 3 generations, a duplication of the C4B locus occurred which was followed in 2 generations. In one individual, there were three C4B alleles and two C4A alleles. One of the C4B alleles had a hemolytically active product with electrophoretic mobility near C4B2 and was designated C4B*22. It segregated with C4B1 in the family studied. The complete haplotype was HLA-A11, CW1, BW56, DR5, BFS, C2C, C4A3, C4B22, C4B1, GLO2. In another family with 12 siblings, one parent and eight children expressed two C4A alleles on the haplotype HLA-AW30, BW38, DR1, BFF, C2C, C4A3, C4A2, C4BQ0, GLO1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

MQ-HCN-based pulse sequences for the measurement of 13C1′-1H1′, 13C1′-15N, 1H1′-15N, 13C1′-13C2′, 1H1′-13C2′, 13C6/8-1H6/8, 13C6/8-15N, 1H6/8-15N, 13C6-13C5, 1H6-13C5 dipolar couplings in 13C, 15N-labeled DNA (and RNA)

A suite of multiple quantum (MQ) HCN-based pulse sequences has been developed for the purpose of collecting dipolar coupling data in labeled nucleic acids. All the pulse sequences are based on the robust MQ-HCN experiment which has been utilized for assignment purposes in labeled nucleic acids for a number of years and provides much-needed resolution for the dipolar coupling measurements. We have attempted to collect multiple couplings centered on the 13C1' and 13C6/8 positions. Six pulse sequences are described, one each for measurement of one-bond 13C1'-1H1' and 13C6/8-1H6/8 couplings, one for measurement of one-bond 13C1'-15N and two-bond 1H1'-15N couplings, one for measurement of one-bond 13C6/8-15N and two-bond 1H6/8-15N couplings, one for measurement of one-bond 13C1'- 13C2' and two-bond 1H1'-13C2' couplings, and one for measurement of one-bond 13C6-13C5 and two-bond 1H6-13C5 couplings in the bases of C and T. These sequences are demonstrated for a labeled 18 bp DNA duplex in a 47 kDa ternary complex of DNA, CBFbeta, and the CBFalpha Runt domain, thus clearly demonstrating the robustness of the pulse sequences even for a very large complex.     

Immunoglobulin CH gene family in hominoids and its evolutionary history.

The organization of the human immunoglobulin CH gene suggests that a gene duplication involving the C gamma-C gamma-C epsilon-C alpha region has occurred during evolution. We previously showed that both chimpanzee and gorilla have two 5'-C epsilon-C alpha-3', as in human, and that orangutan, gibbon, and Old World monkeys have one C epsilon gene and one, two, and one C alpha gene(s), respectively. In addition to these clustered CH genes, there is one processed C epsilon pseudogene in each species. The present study revealed that orangutan and crab-eating macaque (an Old World monkey) both have one 5'-C epsilon-C alpha-3' and that gibbon has two 5'-C epsilon-C alpha-3', one C epsilon gene of which is completely deleted. By Southern analysis, the number of C gamma genes in all the nonhuman hominoids was estimated to be four to five, as in human, in comparison with two for crab-eating macaque. The C mu and C delta genes were estimated to be present as single copies in both hominoids and crab-eating macaque. Furthermore, it was proved that there are two copies of the C epsilon 5'-flanking region in both the orangutan and the gibbon genomes. These results show that gene duplication including the C gamma-C gamma-C epsilon-C alpha genes occurred in the common ancestor of hominoids and that subsequent deletion of the C epsilon gene (in orangutan, including one of the C alpha genes) occurred independently in each hominoid species.     

Structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of Vibrio vulnificus type strain 27562

The structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of Vibrio vulnificus type strain 27562 is presented. LPS hydrolysis gave two oligosaccharides, OS-1 and OS-2, as well as lipid A. NMR spectroscopic data corresponded to the presence of one Kdo residue, one β-glucopyranose, three heptoses, one glyceric acid, one acetate, three PEtN, and one 5,7-diacylamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynonulosonic acid residue (pseudaminic acid, Pse) in OS1. OS2 differed form OS 1 by the absence of glyceric acid, acetate, and Pse residues. Lipid A was analyzed for fatty acid composition and the following fatty acids were found: C14:0, C12:0-3OH, C16:0, C16:1, C14:0-3OH, C18:0, C18:1 in a ratio of 1:3:3:1:2.5:0.6:0.8.     

Effect of Temperature on the Embryogenesis of Geographic Populations of Rotylenchulus reniformis

The effect of temperature on the embryonic development of three populations of reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) from the southeastern United States was studied. The development of eggs from single-cell stage to eclosion of second-stage juvenile was monitored at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. All populations completed embryogenesis in 7 days at 25°C. The greatest differences among populations in time to completion of embryogenesis were observed at 20 and 35°C. Results at the intermediate temperatures (25 and 30°C) were similar for the three populations. The optimal temperature for embryogenesis was calculated to be 31.4°C for the population from Alabama, 28.4°C for the one from Mississippi, and 37.5°C for the one from South Carolina.     

Streptococcus faecium mutants that are temperature sensitive for cell growth and show alterations in penicillin-binding proteins.

The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of 209 cell division (or growth) temperature-sensitive mutants of Streptococcus faecium were analyzed in this study. A total of nine strains showed either constitutive or temperature-sensitive conditional damage in the PBPs. Analysis of these nine strains yielded the following results: one carried a PBP 1 constitutively showing a lower molecular weight; one constitutively lacked PBP 2; two lacked PBP 3 at 42 degrees C, but not at 30 degrees C; one was normal at 30 degrees C but at 42 degrees C lacked PBP 3 and overproduced PBP 5; two were normal at 42 degrees C and lacked PBP 5 at 30 degrees C; one constitutively lacked PBP 5; and one carried a PBP 6 constitutively split in two bands. The mutant lacking PBP 3 and overproducing PBP 5 continued to grow at 42 degrees C for 150 min and then lysed. Revertants selected for growth capability at 42 degrees C from the mutants altered in PBPs 5 and 6 maintained the same PBP alterations, while those isolated from the strains with altered PBP 1 or lacking PBP 2 or PBP 3 showed a normal PBP pattern. Penicillin-resistant derivatives were isolated at 30 degrees C from the mutants lacking PBP 2 and from that lacking PBP 3. All these derivatives continued to show the same PBP damage as the parents, but overproduced PBP 5 and grew at 42 degrees C. These findings indicate that high-molecular-weight, but not low-molecular-weight, PBPs are essential for cell growth in S. faecium. This is in complete agreement with previous findings obtained with a different experimental system. On the basis of both previous and present data it is suggested that PBPs 1, 2, and 3 appear necessary for cell growth at optimal temperature (and at maximal rate), but not for cell growth at a submaximal one (or at a reduced rate), and an overproduced PBP 5 is capable of taking over the function of PBPs 1, 2, and 3.     

Notes on the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) (Ⅰ)

( 1 ) Some taxonomical problems of the genus Clematis mainly about misidentifications are discussed, and some treatments including the reinstatement of Clematis montana var. brevifoliola Kuntze, C. apiifolia var. biternata Makino, C. subumbellata Kurz, C. goudotiana Planch. & Triana, C. insidiosa Baill., C. kockiana Schneid. and C. longicauda A. Rich., and the reduction of subsect. Africanae M. Johnson, C. umbellifera Gagnep., C. pubescens Benth., C. rhodocarpa Rose, C. edentata Baker, C. stoltzi Engler, C. tibetana ssp. vernayi var. dentata Grey-Wilson, C. clarkeana var. stenophylla Hand.-Mazz., C. subfalcata Pei ex M.Y. Fang, C. angustifoliola W. T. Wang, C. dasyandra var. polyantha Finet & Gagnep. etc are given. (2) The new diagnoses for the two subsections of the sect. Meclatis are provided; C. sericea H.B. K. ex DC. and C. grossa Benth. are treated as two varieties of one species; and a new classification of the infraspecific taxa of C. hirsuta Perr & Guill. is made. (3) one subsection, one series, eight species and one variety are described as new. (4) The new occurrences of C. montana var. brevifoliola Kuntze in southern Xizang, China, Nepal, Bhutan and northern Myanmar, C. burmanica Lace in southwestern Yunnan, C. armandii Franch. in Assam, India and northern Myanmar,and C. yui W. T. Wang in northern Myanmar are reported.     

Walking speed adaptation ability of Myzus persicae to different temperature conditions

Walking speeds were calculated for nine clones of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae collected from three countries along a latitudinal cline of its European distribution from Sweden to Spain (Sweden, UK and Spain), and the effects of collection origin and intra and intergenerational acclimation were investigated. Walking speeds declined with decreasing temperature, with maximum performance at temperatures closest to acclimation temperature (fastest median walking speed of 5.8 cm min(-1) was recorded for clone UK 3, collected from the UK, at 25°C after acclimating to 25°C for one generation). Following acclimation at both 20°C and 25°C, walking ceased (as indicated by median walking speeds of 0.0 cm min(-1)) at temperatures as high as 7.5°C and 12.5°C. However, acclimation at 10°C enabled mobility to occur to temperatures as low as 0°C. There was no relationship between mobility and latitude of collection, suggesting that large scale mixing of aphids may occur across Europe. However, clonal variation was suggested, with clone UK 3 outperforming the majority of other clones across all temperatures at which mobility was maintained following acclimation at 10°C for one and three generations and at 25°C for one generation. The Scandinavian clones consistently outperformed their temperate and Mediterranean counterparts at the majority of temperatures following acclimation for three generations at 25°C.     

Structural homology of human complement component C8 gamma and plasma protein HC: identity of the cysteine bond pattern

Anti-C8 alpha-gamma specific antibodies were used to isolate cDNA clones from a human liver expression library. Antibodies affinity-purified on the expressed hybrid protein of one clone bound exclusively to the gamma-chain of reduced C8 alpha-gamma. This clone, as well as a second full length cDNA clone obtained by hybridization screening, were sequenced and the complete primary structure for C8 gamma was established. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of C8 alpha-gamma released a 12 kDa carboxy-terminal C8 gamma fragment under both reducing and nonreducing conditions which was identified by fragment-specific, affinity-purified antibodies. Our data clearly show that C8 gamma has one internal disulfide bridge between cys-76 and cys-168 within the carboxy-terminal 12 kDa fragment, whereas the remaining cysteine residue 40 forms the disulfide bridge with C8 alpha. The overall sequence homology to plasma protein HC (23% amino acid identities) and the conservation of one internal cysteine bond and one free, surface-located cysteine residue suggests a highly conserved three-dimensional structure of C8 gamma and protein HC and also a possible functional relationship between these proteins.     

Three inhibitors of FGF receptor,ERK, and GSK3 establishes germline‐competent embryonic stem cells of C57BL/6N mouse strain with high efficiency and stability

C57BL/6 mouse is the most standard strain in mouse genetics. The strain does, however, have several disadvantages; one being the difficulty in establishing embryonic stem (ES) cells. No reliable C57BL/6 ES cell line is widely available for creating mutant mice through gene targeting. It also greatly favors mouse genetics if one can routinely make multiple mutations by stably culturing germline‐competent C57BL/6 ES cells or if one can routinely establish ES cells from C57BL/6‐derived mutant mice to make multiple mutations. Recently, an ES culture method with three inhibitors (3i: SU5402 for FGFR, PD184352 for ERK, and CHIR99021 for GSK3) has been reported. Here we show that this 3i method is extremely instrumental in establishing and culturing germline‐competent ES cells in the C57BL/6N strain. genesis 48:317–327, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.