高质量浓度IBA和插条木质化程度对兔眼蓝浆果扦插生根的影响

采用速蘸法研究了高质量浓度(3 000、5 000、7 000和9 000 mg.L-1)IBA对兔眼蓝浆果(Vaccinium asheiReade)品种‘粉蓝’(‘Powderblue’)、‘梯芙蓝’(‘Tifblue’)和‘芭尔德温’(‘Baldwin’)插条生根率和开始生根时间的影响,并对木质化程度不同的‘顶峰’(‘Climax’)和‘雾达德’(‘Woodard’)插条的生根率和开始生根时间进行了比较。结果表明:经3 000~9 000 mg.L-1IBA溶液速蘸3 s,3个品种插条的生根率均高于或显著高于对照(P<0.05),开始生根时间则较对照明显提前,但不同品种有明显差异;随IBA质量浓度的提高,‘粉蓝’和‘芭尔德温’的生根率逐渐增加,开始生根时间逐渐提早,以9 000 mg.L-1IBA处理组的生根率最高(分别为93.98%和86.46%),开始生根时间最早(分别为15和21 d);品种‘梯芙蓝’插条的生根率则以5 000 mg.L-1IBA处理组最高(88.02%),开始生根时间最早(18 d)。木质化程度不同的插条生根率有显著差异(P<0.05),木质化程度越低,插条的生根率越高且开始生根时间越早;采用木质化程度低的插条,品种‘顶峰’和‘雾达德’插条的生根率分别达到88.54%和77.60%,开始生根时间分别为25和29 d。研究结果显示:高浓度IBA速蘸法是兔眼蓝浆果扦插生根的有效方法,在实际生产中应根据不同品种的特性选择适宜的IBA浓度;从木质化程度及插条可取数量两方面考虑宜选用半木质化枝条作为插条。     

西蒙得木扦插繁殖技术初探

西蒙得木以雨季扦插为最佳时间 ,其半木质化嫩枝扦插成活率为 6 4 .0 % ,而木质化老枝生根率仅 3.0 %。扦插基质对插条的生根率也有直接影响 ,用沙为基质的较好。平切法插条 ,以生长调节物质吲哚丁酸、吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸和生根粉处理 ,可有效提高插条生根成活率     

不同基质和扦插时间对‘中山杉118’插条生根的影响

选择抗逆性强、性状优良的‘中山杉118’当年生枝条为插穗,开展中山杉扦插繁殖育苗试验。以重庆万州区就地取材的1/2腐土、2/3腐土、全腐土、全沙土为扦插基质,6月和9月分别进行扦插,测量插条生根率、最长根、根粗、根木质化程度等指标。结果表明,1/2腐土的‘中山杉118’插条生根率最高,适合作为‘中山杉118’扦插基质;在扦插时间上,6月扦插比9月生根率高,木质化程度大,说明6月更适合‘中山杉118’扦插繁殖。     

不同季节和基质对紫蝉扦插的影响

以紫蝉Allamanda violacea不同茎段作插条,在不同季节和基质中进行扦插试验。结果表明,插条为未木质化幼茎的成活率为0,不宜作扦插繁殖材料;插条为一年生木质化茎段的在春季扦插效果最好,在沙基质中扦插成活率为50%,平均生根32条,平均根长15 cm。扦插基质以红土为最好,扦插成活率为71%,平均生根43条,平均根长21 cm。综合试验,紫蝉扦插以一年生木质化茎段为插条在红土基质中春季扦插效果最优。     

不同季节和基质对紫蝉扦插的影响(简报)

以紫蝉Allamanda violacea不同茎段作插条,在不同季节和基质中进行扦插试验。结果表明,插条为未木质化幼茎的成活率为0,不宜作扦插繁殖材料;插条为一年生木质化茎段的在春季扦插效果最好,在沙基质中扦插成活率为50%,平均生根32条,平均根长15 cm。扦插基质以红土为最好,扦插成活率为71%,平均生根43条,平均根长21 cm。综合试验,紫蝉扦插以一年生木质化茎段为插条在红土基质中春季扦插效果最优。     

半枫荷扦插育苗技术

采用正交试验设计,探讨植物生长调节剂种类、浓度、处理时间以及扦插基质、插条剪制方式与木质化程度对半枫荷Semiliquidambar cathayesis扦插生根率、根系数及苗高的影响。结果表明,插条采用200 mg·L-1 ABT1生根剂浸泡30 min后扦插于基质A(一层2 cm河沙,上覆一层2 cm黄泥土)中,生根率最高(90.3%),且插条平均根系数及苗高均最佳。影响插条上述生长指标的主次因素为基质种类＞生长调节剂种类＞生长调节剂浓度＞处理时间。不同插条处理中,以截取6 cm长半木质化嫩枝进行双削面处理的生根率最高,且根系数及苗高生长指标亦最佳。     

美国兔眼蓝莓繁殖技术研究

美国兔眼蓝莓的单芽枝段和带柄叶片接种在改良WPM培养基(附加玉米素)上诱导新生枝,用1000~2000mg/L IBA或2000mg/L ABT 1号速蘸,扦插在泥炭与树皮粉(3:1)的基质上,新生枝生根率达82%以上;种子冷藏4~5月后用100mg/L赤霉素处理,发芽率达85.6%以上。对绿枝用1000mg/L IBA速蘸扦插在菌根土与珍珠岩(1:1)基质上,生根率达71.6%以上;但不同品种有差异。     

云南蕊帽忍冬的扦插育苗方法研究

云南蕊帽忍冬(Lonicera pileata Oliv.f.yunnanensis(Fr.)Rehd)是分布于云南、四川等地海拔2100—3200米处的常绿或半常绿小灌木,现主要开发作为盆景材料和绿篱植物。本文研究了该植物的扦插育苗方法,结果表明,云南蕊帽忍冬的扦插育苗可全年进行,应利用当年抽生的木质化或半木质化枝顶段或中段作为插条,长5—6厘米,用IAA 2000ppm快蘸后插入滇池草炭或红土或炉渣中,在温度15-38℃,平均空气相对湿度87.9%以上,透光约50%全光照条件下,30—50天内可得到好的生根苗;芽和叶在云南蕊帽忍冬的扦插生根中起重要作用,采条时要避免它们的损坏和脱落,本文还对在6-8月份抽生枝最旺盛的期间,在昆明的露地进行了扦插育苗试验,认为露地扦插后,插床用白色塑料薄膜封闭,竹帘遮荫,插条生根最好。     

连翘全光喷雾扦插育苗试验

以连翘半木质化嫩枝作插条,进行了不同扦插时间、不同枝条扦插部位、不同浓度生根激素处理、不同扦插基质和不同喷雾次数等全光喷雾扦插育苗试验。结果表明:在7月中旬进行扦插,截取当年生半木质化枝条的中部或梢部作插条,扦插前用浓度300～500 mg/kg的ABT-6号生根粉浸泡枝条基部0.5 h,以沙壤土作扦插基质,保持每天7～9次喷雾次数,能缩短连翘愈伤组织形成时间,显著提高生根数和生根率。     

楸树嫩枝扦插生根的主要影响因子分析

研究了插条的不同取材部位、不同激素组合以及不同扦插时间对4个类型（品种）楸树（Catalpa bungei C．A．Mey．）嫩枝插条生根的影响。结果显示,取楸树嫩枝的梢部与中部作为插条,扦插生根效果较好;用1．0g·L^-1 IBA和0．5g·L^-1 NAA混合溶液处理的插条生根效果最好,生根率可达45．43％;6月中旬是楸树嫩枝扦插的最适时期。4个楸树类型（品种）中,‘圆基长果楸’和‘豫楸1号’插条的生根能力较高,而‘金丝楸’的生根能力较差。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.