木质化程度对兔眼蓝浆果不同品种插条扦插生根的影响

在常规扦插条件下,兔眼蓝浆果(Vaccinium ashei Reade)的‘园蓝'('Gardenblue')、‘梯芙蓝'('Tifblue')、‘顶峰'(‘Climax')和‘杰兔'(‘Premier')等4个品种的硬枝插条均不能生根;而春季3月份开始在全光照间歇弥雾条件下扦插6个月后,上述各品种的硬枝插条的生根率分别达到84%、52%、62%和79%. 在全光照间歇弥雾条件下,未木质化的绿枝插条也未能生根;木质化程度不同的绿枝插条均能生根,品种间生根率差异显著,‘园蓝'和‘杰兔' 的生根率显著高于‘梯芙蓝'和‘顶峰';各品种内木质化程度不同的绿枝插条之间的生根率差异显著,木质化程度越低,生根率越高.木质化程度不同的插条还在生根部位、生根数量、插条萌芽和插条基部腐烂等方面存在差异.     

不同氮浓度对兔眼蓝浆果不同品种幼苗生长和光合生理的影响

为确定兔眼蓝浆果( Vaccinium ashei Reade)不同品种苗期的适宜施氮量,以兔眼蓝浆果早熟品种‘阿拉帕哈’(‘Alapha’)、中熟品种‘园蓝’(‘Gardenblue’)和晚熟品种‘芭尔德温’(‘Baldwin’)的组培苗为实验材料,采用水培法研究了不同氮浓度(0、1、2和4 mmol·L-1)对幼苗生长、根和叶中全氮含量、叶片光合生理特性的影响。结果表明：与对照(0 mmol·L-1氮)相比,经1、2和4 mmol·L-1氮处理后3个兔眼蓝浆果品种的单株茎叶干质量显著增加,根冠比显著降低;但品种‘园蓝’的单株根干质量显著高于对照,另2个品种的单株根干质量与对照无显著差异。随着营养液中氮浓度的提高,3个兔眼蓝浆果品种根的全氮含量及品种‘阿拉帕哈’叶的全氮含量均逐渐增加,且在4 mmol·L-1氮处理下最高;品种‘园蓝’和‘芭尔德温’叶的全氮含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,且均在2 mmol·L-1氮处理下最高;各处理组根和叶的全氮含量均显著高于对照。经1、2和4 mmol·L-1氮处理后,3个兔眼蓝浆果品种叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量以及PSⅡ最大光化学效率( Fv/Fm )均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且均显著高于对照。各处理组中,品种‘园蓝’叶片的净光合速率( Pn)、气孔导度( Gs)、胞间CO2浓度( Ci)和蒸腾速率( Tr)均显著高于对照;品种‘芭尔德温’叶片的Pn值在4 mmol·L-1氮处理下显著低于对照,Gs和Tr值在2 mmol·L-1氮处理下显著高于对照,Ci值与对照无显著差异;与对照相比,品种‘阿拉帕哈’叶片的Pn值在1和4 mmol·L-1氮处理下显著提高,Gs值在1 mmol·L-1氮处理下显著提高,Tr值在1和2 mmol·L-1氮处理下显著提高,而Ci值则在4 mmol·L-1氮处理下显著降低。综合分析结果显示：适度增施氮肥可提高兔眼蓝浆果不同品种幼苗的茎叶生长、改善其光合性能,但对根系生长无明显的促进作用。在营养生长期兔眼蓝浆果不同品种的需氮量存在差异,其中品种‘园蓝’更适宜高氮环境,而施用少量氮肥即可促进品种‘芭尔德温’和‘阿拉帕哈’幼苗地上部分生长。     

IBA对野生蔬菜少花龙葵插条生根的影响

在室内水培条件下, 研究了吲哚丁酸(IBA)、插条类型及插条留叶方式对野生蔬菜少花龙葵(Solanum photeinocarpum)插条生根的影响。结果表明, 5～35 mg L-1 IBA处理的少花龙葵半叶嫩枝插条生根率均为100%, 以20 mg L-1 IBA处理的平均生根数最多。促进少花龙葵半叶硬枝插条生根的IBA浓度为15～35 mg L-1,其中以25 mg L-1 IBA的效果最好。少花龙葵嫩枝和硬枝插条分别在20与25 mg L-1 IBA处理下,均以半叶插条的生根效果最好、缺叶插条的生根效果最差,全叶插条的生根效果居中。     

半枫荷扦插育苗技术

采用正交试验设计,探讨植物生长调节剂种类、浓度、处理时间以及扦插基质、插条剪制方式与木质化程度对半枫荷Semiliquidambar cathayesis扦插生根率、根系数及苗高的影响。结果表明,插条采用200 mg·L-1 ABT1生根剂浸泡30 min后扦插于基质A(一层2 cm河沙,上覆一层2 cm黄泥土)中,生根率最高(90.3%),且插条平均根系数及苗高均最佳。影响插条上述生长指标的主次因素为基质种类＞生长调节剂种类＞生长调节剂浓度＞处理时间。不同插条处理中,以截取6 cm长半木质化嫩枝进行双削面处理的生根率最高,且根系数及苗高生长指标亦最佳。     

不同基质和扦插时间对‘中山杉118’插条生根的影响

选择抗逆性强、性状优良的‘中山杉118’当年生枝条为插穗,开展中山杉扦插繁殖育苗试验。以重庆万州区就地取材的1/2腐土、2/3腐土、全腐土、全沙土为扦插基质,6月和9月分别进行扦插,测量插条生根率、最长根、根粗、根木质化程度等指标。结果表明,1/2腐土的‘中山杉118’插条生根率最高,适合作为‘中山杉118’扦插基质;在扦插时间上,6月扦插比9月生根率高,木质化程度大,说明6月更适合‘中山杉118’扦插繁殖。     

北美冬青‘奥斯特’的组织培养和快速繁殖

以北美冬青‘奥斯特’(‘Oosterwijk’)成年雌性优良单株半木质化茎段为材料,建立了组织培养快速繁殖体系。结果表明,WPM+6-BA 0.50 mg·L-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L-1可作为启动培养基,最佳的继代增殖培养基为WPM+6-BA 1.00 mg·L-1+NAA0.10 mg·L-1+蔗糖20 g·L-1,25 d的增殖系数为6.1;生根培养基为1/2WPM+IBA 0.20 mg·L-1+NAA 0.40 mg·L-1,生根率达95.2%,每株平均生根5.7条。经生根培养30 d和日光温室炼苗10 d后,试管苗移入泥炭和珍珠岩(1:1,V/V)混合基质中,移栽后的成活率达98%。该体系的建立为北美冬青规模化生产提供了技术平台。     

IBA浓度、扦插时间对江西杜鹃和百合花杜鹃扦插生根的影响

为探明有鳞大花亚组杜鹃扦插生根的最佳IBA浓度和扦插时间,该研究以江西杜鹃、百合花杜鹃为材料,分别采用腐叶土+河沙(1:1)、泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质,开展了4个IBA浓度和4个扦插时间的生根试验.结果表明:IBA浓度对除老叶留存数外的所有指标有显著影响,其中100 mg·L-1 IBA处理生根率、新梢长最大,腐烂率最低,其它指标也表现良好,为最佳生根浓度;50 mg·L-1 IBA处理根幅、新梢率最大,但不定根数最少,效果其次;200 mg·L-1 IBA处理促进根系生长,但生根率较低、特别是显著抑制新梢发育;对照处理生根效果最差.扦插时间对所有生根指标均有显著影响,早春(04-18)木质化硬枝扦插除老叶留存数较差外,其它指标均表现极佳,为最适扦插时间;秋季(10-19)半木质-木质化过渡枝扦插效果其次;夏季(06-21)嫩枝及(08-16)半木质化枝生根效果极差,不宜进行扦插育苗.物种、基质对生根指标也有显著影响,百合花杜鹃扦插生根能力强于江西杜鹃,泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质生根效果优于腐叶土+河沙(1:1).该研究结果首次发现早春新梢萌发前采用木质化硬枝扦插可以显著提高两种杜鹃的生根效果,为该亚组杜鹃的扦插育苗提供了科学依据.     

‘欧美杨107’组培苗瓶外生根

‘欧美杨107’是近年来重点推广的杨树品种之一,但其组培苗存在移栽成活率不高的问题。本试验研究了‘欧美杨107’组培苗的直接瓶外生根和瓶内复壮后瓶外生根两种生根方式,结果表明,两种方式蘸取IBA的最佳浓度分别为10mg·L-1和100mg·L-1,生根率分别达73.33%和81.67%,移栽成活率分别为62.5%和93.33%。进一步研究发现生根的过程中外源补加0.5mg·L-1IBA溶液能加速生根,使生根周期缩短2周左右。添加1/2MS营养液可促进生根苗茎的生长和根的伸长,有利于移栽成活。瓶内生根苗的生根率高达到95%,但是移栽难以成活,显微镜观察发现瓶外生根苗比瓶内生根苗的根毛发达,验证了瓶外生根苗的根吸收功能更好。该研究对促进‘欧美杨107’组培苗及其转基因苗的推广应用具有重要的现实意义。     

四个酿酒葡萄品种组培快繁体系的初建

为了提高酿酒葡（Vitis vinifera）苗木繁殖速度及苗木品质,以‘赤霞珠’、‘西拉’、‘霞多丽’和‘美乐’4／p品种为试材,研究无菌外植体建立、启动培养、增殖培养和驯化移栽环节的关键技术,初步建立酿酒葡萄组培快繁体系。结果表明,以半木质化茎段为外植体接种成活率高,在培养基MS＋IBA0．2mg·L-1＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1＋KT0．5mg·L-1上启动培养外植体单芽萌发率最高,以培养基1／2MS＋IBA0．2mg·L-1＋KT1．0mg·L-1增殖培养兼生根诱导,组培苗生长健壮,繁殖率高。增殖培养6代后,‘赤霞珠’、‘西拉’、‘霞多丽’和‘美乐’分别由12株葡萄苗扩繁为l383株、1095株、744株和100株。组培苗驯化培养3周后移栽至营养钵,4个品种成活率均在72％以上。此组培快繁体系基本适用于4个酿酒葡萄品种,可应用于科学研究及工业化大规模生产。     

楸树嫩枝扦插生根的主要影响因子分析

研究了插条的不同取材部位、不同激素组合以及不同扦插时间对4个类型（品种）楸树（Catalpa bungei C．A．Mey．）嫩枝插条生根的影响。结果显示,取楸树嫩枝的梢部与中部作为插条,扦插生根效果较好;用1．0g·L^-1 IBA和0．5g·L^-1 NAA混合溶液处理的插条生根效果最好,生根率可达45．43％;6月中旬是楸树嫩枝扦插的最适时期。4个楸树类型（品种）中,‘圆基长果楸’和‘豫楸1号’插条的生根能力较高,而‘金丝楸’的生根能力较差。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.