Two new species of Larinus Dejean from North Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a key to the striped Larinus (s.str.)

Two new sibling species, Larinus synthesys n. sp. from Algeria, and Larinus boroveci n. sp. from Algeria and Morocco, are described. Both species are tentatively assigned to the subgenus Larinus based on resemblance to species having longitudinal stripes on the elytra and rostrum. L. synthesys n. sp. is the smallest species in Larinus (s. str.) and is closely related to L. boroveci n. sp. The lectotype of Larinus cardopatii Lucas, 1847 is designated and redescribed. An illustrated key to the striped Larinus (s. str.) is given.     

Stenogrammitis, a new genus of grammitid ferns segregated from Lellingeria (Polypodiaceae)

Stenogrammitis , a new genus of grammitid ferns, is segregated from Lellingeria based on morphological and molecular evidence. It differs from Lellingeria by linear leaves usually less than 5 mm wide, clathrate iridescent rhizome scales that are glabrous except for a single apical cilium, veins unbranched and only one per segment, fertile veins usually with the dark sclerenchyma visible beneath the sporangia, and x = 33. In contrast, Lellingeria has broader laminae, veins pinnate within the segments, and fertile veins not visible beneath the sporangia. Melpomene, which is sister to Stenogrammitis and Lellingeria, differs from those two genera by reddish setae on the leaves and rhizome scales papillate at the apex. Some species of Stenogrammitis are also distinctive by hemidimorphic laminae that have the fertile portion less dissected than the sterile. Stenogrammitis is pantropical and currently comprises 24 species, 12 of which occur in the Neotropics, six in Africa, four in Madagascar, and two on Pacific Islands. New combinations are made for Stenogrammitis aethiopica, S. anamorphosa, S. ascensionensis, S. boivinii, S. delitescens, S. jamesonii, S. hartii, S. hellwigii, S. hildebrandtii, S. limula, S. luetzelburgii, S. myosuroides, S. nutata, S. oosora, S. paucipinnata, S. prionodes, S. pumila, S. ruglessii, S. rupestris, S. saffordii, S. strangeana, S. tomensis, S. subcoriacea, and S. wittigiana. Lectotypifications are made for Grammitis muscosa, Polypodium itatiayense, P. oosorum var. micropecten, P. serrulatum forma major, P. serrulatum forma minor, S. luetzelburgii, S. myosuroides, and S. wittigiana. Illustrations are presented for the diagnostic characters of the genus, as well as a map with the geographical distribution.     

A phylogeny of Cariniana (Lecythidaceae) based on morphological and anatomical data

Cariniana as previously circumscribed is a genus of 16 species restricted to neotropical forest habitats on well-drained sites. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on 33 morphological and anatomical characters was undertaken. The results show that Cariniana consists of two clades: the Allantoma/Cariniana decandra clade includes Allantoma lineata and seven species of actinomorphic-flowered Cariniana and is characterized by 5-merous flowers, carnose petals, incurved petal apex, scarcely lobed calyces, eucamptodromous secondary veins, dichotomizing venation, and poorly developed areolation; the C. legalis clade is made up of nine species and is characterized by an obliquely zygomorphic androecium, reticulate tertiary venation, and anomocytic stomata. The actinomorphic-flowered Cariniana are more closely related to the monotypic Allantoma lineata than they are to the species of the C. legalis clade. In order to reflect these relationships, Cariniana is divided into two genera: species in the C. legalis clade, which includes the generic type C. legalis, remain as Cariniana while species of Cariniana in the Allantoma/Cariniana decandra clade are transferred to Allantoma. The following new combinations are proposed: Allantoma decandra, A. integrifolia, A. kuhlmannii, A. pluriflora (a nomen novum for Cariniana multiflora because Allantoma multiflora is a synonym of Couratari multiflora), A. pachyantha, A. pauciramosa, and A. uaupensis.     

马鞍菌属3个中国新记录

【背景】目前国内学者已发表60个马鞍菌属物种,但山西省尚缺乏马鞍菌属真菌分布的系统性报道。【目的】调查我国山西省马鞍菌属的种类组成及地理分布。【方法】采集标本,对其进行详细的形态特征描述,并提取DNA,测定热激蛋白(heat shock protein, hsp)和核糖体大亚基(large subunit, LSU)序列,基于贝叶斯法(Bayesian inference, BI)和最大似然法(maximum likelihood, ML)构建分子系统发育树。【结果】鉴定结果表明这3个马鞍菌属物种分别为类帽状马鞍菌(Helvella capucinoides)、丹麦马鞍菌(H. danica)和柔毛马鞍菌(H. pubescens)。它们在形态上与模式标本的描述基本一致。基于hsp和LSU的系统发育关系分析也支持形态学的鉴定结果。【结论】参考我国截至目前已报道的马鞍菌属物种,确定这3个种均为中国新记录种。     

Review of subtribe Pterellina Rohdendorf, 1967 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of Middle East with descriptions of twelve new species

Summary

Based on a revision of large recent collections housed at the Natural History Museum (London), Tel Aviv University and in the private collection of Yu. Verves and L. Khrokalo (Kyiv, Ukraine), new distributional data and an updated list with comments of 28 species of Middle Eastern Sarcophagidae of the subtribe Pterellina are presented. Seventeen of them are recorded for Israel, 11 for Egypt, four for Iran, two each for the Palestinian Authority, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, and one each for Jordan and the UAE. No data are known for the territories of Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Syria and Yemen. Twelve species new to science are described, including nine from Israel (Chaetapodacra montana n. sp., Eremasiomyia bicolor n. sp., E. deserta n. sp., E. fuscata n. sp., Protomiltogramma bidentata n. sp., P. serrata n. sp., Pterella hermonica n. sp., P. indigens n. sp., P. zefatica n. sp.), two from Egypt (Chaetapodacra griseola n. sp., Eremasiomyia alba n. sp.) and one from Saudi Arabia (Protomiltogramma arabica n. sp.). The male of Eremasiomyia nigra Rohdendorf, 1935 is described for the first time. One new combination of specific name is proposed ? Protomiltogramma immunita (Villeneuve, 1923), n. comb. Original keys for the identification of genera and species are proposed. An annotated list of all world genera and species and compiled data on larval habits of Pterellina are included.     

The MAT A locus of the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica consists of two divergently oriented genes

The MAT A locus of Yarrowia lipolytica, which was on the basis of its ability to induce sporulation in a diploid B/B strain, represses the mating capacity of this strain. The gene functions required for induction of sporulation and repression of conjugation could be separated by subcloning. Sequence analysis revealed two ORFs in the MAT A locus. One of them (MAT A1) codes for a protein of 119 amino acids which is required to induce sporulation. The other (MAT A2) codes for a protein of 291 amino acids that is able to repress conjugation. Both genes are oriented divergently from a central promoter region, which possesses putative TATA and CAAT boxes for both genes. The product of MAT A1 shows no homology to any known protein and seems to represent a new class of mating-type genes. MAT A2 contains a HMG box with homology to other mating-type genes. Both MAT A1 and MAT A2 are mating-type specific. In cells of both mating types, the regions flanking the MAT A locus contain sequences with homology to either S. cerevisiae SLA2 and ORF YBB9, respectively. From hybridization and subcloning data we estimate that the MAT A region is approximately 2 kb long and is present only once in the genome. Received: 25 January 1999 / Accepted: 16 April 1999     

Phytoclimatic segregation of sub-Antarctic Nothofagus woodland types in Tierra del Fuego,southern South America

Background: Climatic variables determining the most suitable sites for the woodlands of Tierra del Fuego are not yet as well understood as those related to their geographical range.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide some insights into the relationships between climatic niche and current distribution of three Nothofagus species in Tierra del Fuego.

Methods: We have identified the climatic variables responsible for the most suitable sites for three sub-Antarctic Nothofagus woodland types within their climatic ranges by calculating suitability indices, using the CLIMPAIR niche-based phytoclimatic model.

Results: The distribution range of the major Nothofagus woodlands is mainly driven by variables related to water stress, whereas phytoclimatic suitability is mainly driven by thermal variables related to warm summer temperatures for Nothofagus betuloides and N. pumilio and to winter cold for N. antarctica that are also mainly responsible for the peculiarity of the Fueguian climate.

Conclusions: These findings introduce a new perspective in the study of the Nothofagus ecology, based on the climatic traits responsible for the high-suitability locations instead of the traditional focus on the overall geographical distribution.     

Folsomia (Collembola: Isotomidae) of China. II. heterocellata group

An annotated list of species of the Folsomia heterocellata group recorded in China is given. Folsomia cephalota n. sp., F. dorsomediaseta n. sp., F. longiseta n. sp., F. manubriopilosa n. sp., F. longdeica n. sp., and F. plenosensilla n. sp. are characterized by having a simple maxillary palp, four prelabral setae and no eyes. They differentiate mainly by characteristics of the furca. We report other species of the group which are recorded for the first time in China: Folsomia tianshanica Martynova, 1969, F. pseudovtorovi Potapov & Gulgenova, 2013, and F. pseudodecemoculata Stebaeva, 1971. This excludes F. wanxianensis Ji, Ding & Chen, 2007, for which we provide morphological remarks based on the type material. The group is mainly distributed in the central part of China (Chongqing, Gansu, southern part of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Shaanxi provinces). A key to all blind species with a simple maxillary palp is given.     

陕西省县级公立医院经济运行与发展状况分析

目的 从医疗服务能力、财务收支及资产负债情况等角度,分析陕西省县级公立医院2009—2013年经济运行及发展状况,发现取得成绩及存在问题。方法 采集2009—2013年陕西省卫生计生财务年报,采用比较分析法、描述性统计、定性与定量相结合等方法对全省210家县级公立医院经济运行相关数据进行分析。结果 陕西省县级公立医院医疗服务数量逐年增加,医疗服务效率不断提高;财务收支状况良好,收支结构日趋合理;资产及负债规模逐年同步扩大。结论 陕西省县级公立医院存在政府财政投入不足、债务负担沉重、偿债能力不足等问题,但药品零差率政策效果显现。     

New data on the Merodon Meigen 1803 fauna (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Turkey including description of a new species and changes in the nomenclatural status of several taxa

Abstract

The Old World syrphid genus Merodon Meigen 1803 is highly species-diverse and has a significant number of endemic species in the circum-Mediterranean area. The present study reports on taxonomic changes resulting from the examination of adult Merodon specimens collected in 15 Turkish provinces during the period 1992 to 2002, and provides new faunistic data. Merodon ilgazense n. sp. is described. Four species of Merodon new to Turkey are recorded: M. armipes Rondani 1843, M. auronites Hurkmans 1993, M. bessarabicus Paramonov 1924 and M. chalybeatus Sack 1913. Lectotypes are designated for two taxa: M. chalybeatus Sack 1913 and M. clunipes Sack 1913. Merodon italicus Rondani 1845 rev. stat. is reinstated as a valid species. Following a detailed study of the type material in different entomological collections, the status of 10 taxa is revised and five new synonymies are proposed: M. albonigrum Vuji Radenkovi &; S?imi 1996 n. syn. (=junior synonym of M. chalybeatus Sack 1913); M. alexeji Paramonov 1925 n. syn. (=junior synonym of M. serrulatus Wiedemann in Meigen 1822); M. aureotibia Hurkmans 1993 n. syn. (=junior synonym of M. vandergooti Hurkmans 1993); M. kaloceros Hurkmans 1993 n. syn. (=junior synonym of M. erivanicus Paramonov 1925); M. longicornis Sack 1913 n. syn. (=junior synonym of M. italicus Rondani 1845).     

New and little known species of the genus Zorochros Thomson 1859 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Palaearctic and Oriental Region

Sixteen new species of the genus Zorochros Thomson 1859 from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal and Thailand are described and illustrated, a key to the species of the Zorochros indicus group is given, and new records on already known species are provided. New species: Z. ahrensi n. sp., Z bingkorensis n. sp., Z. dabieshanensis n. sp., Z. dolini n. sp., Z. hartmanni n. sp., Z. hubeiensis n. sp., Z. karnaliensis n. sp., Z. magnificus n. sp., Z. naniensis n. sp., Z. nigredos n. sp., Z. platiai n. sp., Z schawalleri n. sp., Z. schmidti n. sp., Z. senaroensis n. sp., Z. theodori n. sp., and Z. tongshanensis n. sp.     

Three new species of Philocorydoras Suriano, 1986 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) infecting the gills of callichthyids (Actinopterygii: Callichthyidae) from the Peruvian Amazonia

During a research on gill ectoparasites of callichthyids fishes from the Peruvian Amazonia, the following monogenoideans were found: Philocorydoras peruensis n. sp. from Corydoras splendens (Castelnau); Philocorydoras multiradiatus n. sp. and Philocorydoras jumboi n. sp. from Brochis multiradiatus (Orcés, V.). All new species described herein are mainly differentiated from their congeners based on the morphology of the copulatory complex. In P. peruensis n. sp. the cirrus is “J”-like shaped tube slightly tilted to one side, while in P. jumboi n. sp. is “J”-like shaped tube in a straight position and in P. multiradiatus n. sp. the cirrus is an arced tube with inflated base and distally narrow. Brochis (Orcés, V.) represents a new genus hosting species of Philocorydoras. All new species presented in this work represent the first species of Philocorydoras reported for Peru.

     

江西省县级综合医院基础设施和收支现状分析

目的 了解江西省县级综合医院的基础设施和收支现状,为今后卫生行政部门合理配置卫生资源提供科学依据。方法 采用普查方法对2007年江西省11个地级市的90家县级综合医院进行调查。结果 江西省县级综合医院的基础设施总体情况尚可,但重点设备的配置率较低;财政补助比重小,收支不平衡。结论 对尚未达到标准的基础设施进行合理配置,加大对县级综合医院的财政投入。     

Nitrobenzoxadiazole-based GSTP1-1 inhibitors containing the full peptidyl moiety of (pseudo)glutathione

Context: The inhibition of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) is a sound strategy to overcome drug resistance in oncology practice.

Objective: The nitrobenzoxadiazolyl (NBD) S-conjugate of glutathione and the corresponding γ-oxa-glutamyl isostere (compounds 1 and 5, respectively) have been disclosed as GST inhibitors. The rationale of their design is discussed in juxtaposition to non-peptide NBD thioethers.

Materials and methods: Synthesis of derivatives 1 and 5 and in vitro evaluation on human GSTP1-1 and M2-2 are reported.

Results: Conjugates 1 and 5 were found to be low micromolar inhibitors of both isoforms. Furthermore, they display a threefold reduction in selectivity for GSTM2-2 over the P1-1 isozyme in comparison with the potent non-peptide inhibitor nitrobenzoxadiazolyl-thiohexanol (NBDHEX).

Discussion and conclusions: Spectroscopic data are congruent with the formation of a stable sigma-complex between GSH and the inhibitors in the protein active site. Conjugate 5 is suitable for in vivo modulation of GST activity in cancer treatment.     

A revision of Casimirella,including Humirianthera (Icacinaceae)

Casimirella Hassler (1913) is accepted and Humirianthera Huber (1914) considered a synonym. Casimirella diversifolia and C. lanata from Brazil are described as new species. Casimirella ampla (Miers) based on Leretia ampla Miers, C. crispula (Howard) based on Humirianthera crispula Howard, and C. rupestris (Ducke) based on Humirianthera rupestris Ducke are new combinations.     

我国公立医院规制策略失效现况及影响因素因子分析

?????? 目的 探讨医院规制的主要失效关键节点及导致规制效果不佳的主要因素。方法 采用文献研究及专题小组讨论法,构建医院规制框架;通过调查研究分析医院规制失效主要内容;运用因子分析法分析规制效果不佳的主要因素。结果 确立了包括准入、价格等10项规制措施的医院整体规制框架,其失效程度最严重的为价格规制、行为规制及补偿规制,导致规制整体效果不佳的公因子为监管体制、条件等行政支持因子与监管执行的障碍因子2项。结论 构建医院规制体系,明确各措施的失效程度,提出导致规制效果不佳的公因子,为今后医院规制研究与政策制定提供参考依据。     

拮抗菌群对烟草野火病的防治效果及叶际微生物群落多样性的影响

【背景】烟草野火病(Tobacco Wild Fire)是烟草上的主要病害之一,利用拮抗菌防治烟草野火病是具有较好前景的防治手段。【目的】分析烟草叶际微生物群落结构组成和多样性,阐释拮抗菌群施用对烟草野火病的防治效果及对叶际微生物群落的影响。【方法】在烟草上施用3种拮抗菌群,采用16Sr RNA基因高通量测序及生物信息学手段,分析拮抗菌群对烟草叶际微生物群落结构组成和多样性的影响,研究拮抗菌群在叶片上的定殖。【结果】拮抗菌群对烟草野火病的防治效果达到50.44%-68.58%。与对照相比,3种拮抗菌群处理叶际微生物群落结构和组成都产生了明显的变化,群落多样性显著增高。拮抗菌群处理后,烟草叶际微生物泛菌(Pantoea)、寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)等菌属所占比例发生显著变化,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和寡养单胞菌属相比对照增加分别达到3.9倍和7.02倍,其丰度与病情指数显著负相关。【结论】拮抗菌群对烟草野火病有较好的防治效果,施用拮抗菌群显著影响叶际微生物群落的组成和多样性,假单孢杆菌和寡养单胞菌等优势菌属能够在烟草叶际定殖,起到防治烟草野火病的作用。     

An Investigation of the Structural Diversities of Lithiated HMPA Complexes of o-Mercaptopyridine and Trithiocyanuric Acid: Syntheses, Crystal structures and Model Molecular Orbital Calculations

Reaction of o-mercaptopyridine (o-MPH) and trithiocyanuric acid (TTCyH₃) with one equivalent of BuⁿLi in the presence of HMPA yields the mono-lithiated salts MPLi.HMPA (1) and TTCyH₂Li.2HMPA (2) respectively, which have been characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Reaction of three equivalents of BuⁿLi with anhydrous TTCyH₃ in THF yields the tri-lithiated species TTCyLi₃.4THF (3). In all three compounds the lithium centres have N,S-bridged coordination modes. Whereas 1 is dimeric in the solid state, 2 has an unusual monomeric structure and 3, which is a very rare example of a structurally characterised tri-lithiated compound, has an unprecedented polymeric structure incorporating (NCSLi) _n (n = 1, 2) rings. The structural diversities displayed by 1 and 2 have been probed, and thereby in part rationalised, by ab initio (6-31G*/RHF, 6-31G**/RHF and 6-31G*/MP2 levels) MO calculations on both their thio-keto and thiol isomers and on their uncomplexed and complexed lithiated derivatives. In particular, the optimised structures predict and reproduce the N,S-bridging coordination modes found for lithium and explain why structure 1 is dimeric whereas 2 is monomeric.Electronic Supplementary Material available.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。