一雄性灰鹤胃的血液供应

用血管铸型法对一只因伤致死的雄性灰鹤胃的血供进行铸型观察,结果显示,灰鹤的胃动脉均由腹腔动脉分出,腺胃由腺胃背侧动脉和腺胃腹侧动脉供应营养,肌胃由胃左动脉、胃右动脉和肌胃背侧动脉供应营养。腺胃的静脉有腺胃腹侧静脉、胃凹腹侧静脉和腺胃背侧静脉,分别经左（腺胃腹侧静脉和胃凹腹侧静脉）、右（腺胃背侧静脉）肝门静脉回流;肌胃的静脉有胃左静脉、胃右静脉和胃背侧静脉,分别经左（胃左静脉）、右（胃右静脉和肌胃背侧静脉）肝门静脉回流。此外本文将灰鹤胃的血供与其它动物的进行了比较。     

鹧鸪胃的动脉分布

为了研究鹧鸪腺胃和肌胃的动脉分布状况,本实验用血管铸型法对10只鹧鸪胃的动脉分支和分布情况进行了详细的解剖观察。结果表明,鹧鸪的腺胃由腺胃背侧动脉和腺胃腹侧动脉供应营养,肌胃由胃左动脉和胃右动脉供应,肌胃背侧动脉是胃右动脉的一末端分支,肌胃腹侧动脉由胃左动脉分出。     

家鸽胃动脉的解剖学研究

用血管铸型和透明方法观察研究家鸽胃的血供情况。家鸽腺胃由腺胃右动脉和腺胃左动脉营养，肌胃由肌胃右动脉和肌胃左动脉营养，它们均起自腹腔动脉。另外，家鸽胃动脉间缺乏吻合现象。     

梅花鹿肝内门静脉系统的初步观察

以铸型技术观察了梅花鹿（Ｃｅｒｖｕｓ　ｎｉｐｐｏｎ）肝的门静脉系统。发现门静脉左支发出左外侧叶背侧静脉、左外侧叶腹侧静脉、左内侧叶外侧静脉、左内侧叶内侧静脉,尾状叶支和方叶支;右支缺如;右内侧叶静脉、右外侧叶背侧静脉、右外侧叶腹侧静脉直接由门静脉分出,尾状突静脉由右外侧叶腹侧静脉分出。梅花鹿肝如人、兔、猪、山羊、猕猴一样可分为二叶、四段,即左、右叶和左外侧叶（段）、左内侧叶（段）,右内侧叶（段）、右外侧叶（段）,尾状叶的左、右部可分别隶属于左、右叶。     

肝静脉与门静脉血液中哪个血糖浓度高

门静脉内流的血液和肝静脉内流的血液中,哪个葡萄糖浓度高?一种意见是肝静脉中的要高于门静脉,一种意见则认为是肝静脉中的要比门静脉中的低。一个问题,引起两种截然不同的答案,本文就这个问题,谈一点看法。肝脏是维持血糖浓度相对恒定,以保证全身组织细胞能量供应的重要代谢器官。与此相适应的肝脏的血液供应就不同于其它器官。与肝脏相连的血管有三条:入肝的肝动脉和门静脉;出肝的肝静脉.由腹主动脉分支的肝动脉是肝脏的营养血管,内流富含氧和养料的血液,供肝细胞更新利用。门静脉——两端都连着毛细血管的静脉,它接受来自脾、胰、胆囊和胃、小肠、大肠的毛     

胎儿胃底后壁、贲门及食管腹段后壁的动脉解剖

目的:研究胎儿胃底后壁、贵门及食管腹段后壁的血液供应.方法:取30例胎儿尸体(6-10月),5%红色过氯乙烯填充胎儿胃的动脉血管,解剖观察胃底后壁、贲门及食管腹段的动脉血管的来源,测量动脉支数,血管长度,口径,分布.结果:胎儿胃底后壁、贲门及食管腹段后壁的血液由胃上动脉供给.胎儿胃上动脉起于左膈下动脉和胃左动脉,出现率为49.26%,1-3支不等,平均长(5.86±0.21)mm,起始点平均外径(0.32±0.08)mm.结论:胎儿胃底后壁、贲门及食管腹段后壁有1-3支动脉血管供应,即胃上动脉分支:食管支,胃底支,贲门支.动脉分布的研究为全胃切除和残胃血供提供形态学依据.     

双峰驼趾部血管构筑的研究

采用血管内灌注颜料的方法和显微解剖学技术观察了１７条双峰驼后肢趾部的血管构筑,（１）在双峰驼未见有趾背侧固有动脉：（２）趾跖远轴侧固有动脉是趾跖轴侧固有动脉的近趾节跖侧支的直接延续,（３）趾跖侧第３总动脉是趾部的动脉主干;（４）在趾枕真皮中有一动脉网,在趾枕真皮和趾枕深筋膜之间有一发达的静脉网,（５）趾部的血液由外侧隐静脉的前支和趾跖侧第２－４总静脉导引,（６）趾枕真皮中动静脉吻合丰富,汗腺多而且     

牦牛眼的动脉分布

运用大体解剖学的方法研究了青藏高原牦牛(Bos grlznniens)眼的动脉供应。为了显示从颈总动脉到眼的血液供应情况,在6个牦牛的颈总动脉内灌注乙醚．红色油画颜料(15：1)。结果表明,眼的动脉供应主要来源于眼内动脉、眼外动脉、颞浅动脉和颧动脉。眼内动脉在眼眶内与眼外动脉相吻合,其为睫状长动脉的主要来源;眼外动脉产生的分支供应眼背侧斜肌、泪腺区、上下眼睑和眼外侧角,并且参与了前硬膜外异网和眼异网的形成;眼异网发出许多分支供应眼直肌、眼背侧斜肌、眼球缩肌、上眼睑提肌和脉络膜;颞浅动脉发出分支供应眼外侧角、上下眼睑、泪腺区,而且和眼异网发出的泪腺动脉相互吻合;颧动脉起自眶下动脉,其分支供应上下和第三眼睑、眼腹侧直肌及内侧眼角。在6个标本中,眼的动脉分布左右基本相同。     

猪胃的动脉分布

为了积累猪的解剖学资料以及为人胃的动脉分布提供比较解剖学依据,选用猪的离体内脏,将血管注射乳胶研究胃的动脉分布。结果表明,胃左动脉分为四种类型,来自脾动脉基部的Ａ型最多（５０．００％）;憩室动脉分为三种类型,来自脾动脉的Ａ型也最多（８４．３８％）;胃十二指肠动脉有六种类型,在第一肝固有动脉之后分出的Ａ型最多（４０．６３％）;胃右动脉有七种类型,在第二肝固有动脉之后分出的Ａ型最多（４３．７５％）;胃     

猕猴肝门静脉系统和肝静脉系统的观察

以铸型方法及实体解剖观察了猕猴(Macaca mulatta) 肝的门静脉分支和肝静脉分支。猕猴肝门静脉与人、猪、兔、牛、羊等相似, 同样可将全肝分成二叶四段, 即左叶、右叶; 左外侧段、左内侧段、右内侧段、右外侧段。尾状叶的左、右部可分别隶属于左叶和右叶。猕猴肝大静脉有左外侧叶肝静脉、左内侧叶肝静脉、肝中静脉、肝右静脉及尾状叶肝静脉。此外, 作者对哺乳动物门静脉分支的规律性, 猕猴肝大静脉的命名及吻合作了讨论。     

Typical from and basic variants of the structure of the intrahepatic portion of the portal vein]

The structure of the portal vein was studied in 210 preparations of the liver. The structure of the main trunk of the portal vein and its lobe branches was estimated orienting by the typical shape and the main variations of the structure. Two variants of the structure of the right and left portal veins (after the type of a "pine branch" and the variant of the "minimum length" of the lobe vein) were common for both veins. The structure of the "snail" type was found only in the left portal vein of the "whisk" type -- only in the right one. The sources of the segment blood supply changed depending on the structure of the main trunk and lobe veins. They can be supplied by terminal or lateral branches of the lobe veins, vascular branches of the main trunk of the portal vein and of the vessels of neighbouring segments. Estimation of the angioarchitectonics of the liver operated on should be approached individually in each case. It is expedient to take into account the above typical shape and the main variants of the intrahepatic portion of the portal vein.     

The bronchial tree and blood vessels of the Japanese monkey lung

The author injected various colored celluloid solutions into the bronchial tree and blood vessels of the lungs of five adult Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) in order to prepare cast specimens. These specimens were investigated from the comparative anatomical viewpoint to determine whether the bronchial ramification theory of the mammalian lung (Nakakuki, 1975, 1980) can be applied to the Japanese monkey lung or not. The bronchioles are arranged stereotaxically like those of other mammalian lungs. The four bronchiole systems, dorsal, ventral, medial, and lateral, arise from both bronchi, respectively, although some bronchioles are lacking. In the right lung, the bronchioles form the upper, middle, accessory, and lower lobes, while in the left lung, the upper and accessory lobes are lacking and bi-lobed middle and lower lobes are formed. In the right lung, the upper lobe is formed by the first branch of the dorsal bronchiole system. The middle lobe is the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The accessory lobe is the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system. The lower lobe is formed by the remaining bronchioles of the four bronchiole systems. In the left lung, the middle lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The lower lobe is formed by the remaining bronchioles. Thus, the bronchial ramification theory of the mammalian lung applied well to the Japanese monkey lung. The right pulmonary artery runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole. It then runs along the dorso-lateral side of the right bronchus between the dorsal bronchiole system and the lateral bronchiole system. On its way, it gives off branches of the pulmonary artery which run along the dorsal or lateral side of each bronchiole except in the ventral bronchiole system. In the ventral bronchiole system, the branches run along the ventral side of the bronchioles. The distributions of the pulmonary artery in the left lung are the same as those in the right lung. The pulmonary veins do not always run along the bronchioles. Most of them run on the medial or ventral side of the bronchioles. Some of them run between the pulmonary segments. In the right lung, these pulmonary veins finally form the right upper lobe vein, right middle lobe vein and the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk before entering the left atrium. However, the right accessory lobe vein runs on the dorsal side of the bronchiole and pours into the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. In four cases out of the five examples, part of the right lower lobe veins pour into the right middle lobe vein, while the others enter the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. In the left lung, the branches of the pulmonary veins finally form the left middle lobe vein and the left lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk.     

Contribution of the umbilical and portal veins to the hepatic blood supply of guinea pig fetuses--an angiographic study.

The interlobular distribution of the umbilical and portal venous blood flow within the liver was examined in 35 guinea pig fetuses between 59 and 65 days of gestation. Contrast medium was injected into the umbilical or vitelline vein, and its passage through the liver was monitored by serial angiography. In four experiments, injections were made into both the umbilical and vitelline veins of the same fetus. To ease interpretation of the angiograms obtained in vivo, we also made a postmortem examination of livers in which the venous system had been filled with an aqueous suspension of barium sulphate in gelatin. These combined experiments demonstrated no passage of contrast medium from the placenta to the inferior vena cava, which is in accordance with independent evidence that the term guinea pig fetus lacks a functional ductus venosus. The area supplied by the umbilical and portal veins was clearly and consistently delineated. The umbilical vein supplied the left lobe and the left sublobe of the quadrate lobe. The portal vein supplied the right lobe, the smaller caudate lobe, and all or most of the right sublobe of the quadrate lobe. This pattern of distribution appears to be determined by flow and pressure gradients within the hepatic circulation.     

Aberrant course of the left gastric vein in the human. Possibility of a persistent left portal vein

Two livers with an aberrant course of the left gastric vein were found in 245 Japanese cadavers. The left gastric vein collects branches from the lesser curvature of the stomach, enters the left side of the hepatogastric ligament from the cardiac region and runs towards the left side of hepatic hilus. The vein enters the liver at the left side and joins an intrahepatic branch ramified from the portal vein.     

Distribution of the pulmonary artery and vein of the orangutan lung

The distribution of the pulmonary artery and vein of the orangutan lung was examined. The right pulmonary artery runs obliquely across the ventral side of the right bronchus at the caudally to the right upper lobe bronchiole. It then runs across the dorsal side of the right middle lobe bronchiole. Thereafter it runs obliquely across the dorsal side of the right bronchus, and then along the dorso-medial side of the right bronchus. This course is different from that in other mammals. During its course, it gives off branches which run mainly along the dorsal or lateral side of each bronchiole. The left pulmonary artery runs across the dorsal side of the left middle lobe bronchiole, then along the dorso-lateral side of the left bronchus, giving off branches which run along each bronchiole. The pulmonary veins run mainly the ventral or medial side of, along or between the bronchioles. In the left lung, the left middle lobe vein has two trunks; one enters the left atrium, and the other enters the left lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. This is also different from that found in most mammals. Finally, the pulmonary veins enter the left atrium with four large veins.     

Vascularization of the telencephalic choroid plexus of a ganoid fish [Acipenser ruthenus (L.)

The vascularization of the telencephalic choroid plexus of the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, a ganoid fish, was examined by vascular corrosion casting and by light and transmission electron microscopy. The arterial supply is from the dorsal mesencephalic artery via: 1) the ventral choroidal arteries (left and right); 2) the dorsal choroidal arteries (left and right); 3) the caudal choroidal arteries (left and right); 4) the ventral arteries of the dorsal sac; and, from the olfactory arteries, via 5) the rostral choroidal arteries. The venous drainage is mainly through a single main choroidal vein that can take various courses either directly to the anterior cardinal vein or via the middle cerebral vein to the anterior cardinal vein. To a lesser extent, the plexus is drained via the lateral telencephalic veins and the ventral vein of the dorsal sac to the middle cerebral vein. By angioarchitecture and form, the plexus can be subdivided into five distinct parts: the surface network, the median folds, the large lateral folds, the small lateral folds, and the area common to the bottom of the dorsal sac and the telencephalic plexus. Diameters of terminal vessels as measured from vascular corrosion casts and from paraplast, semithin, and ultrathin sections were never less than 10 micron. It is suggested that the different areas in one plexus may have different functions with respect to secretion and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid.     

Arterial supply to the stomach of indigenous dog (Canis familiaris) in Bangladesh.

Arterial supply to the stomach of dogs indigenous to Bangladesh was investigated by using latex. The hepatic, left gastric and splenic arteries sent their major branches to the stomach. The cranial and caudal branches of the left gastric artery supplied the lesser curvature of the stomach. The right gastric, and right and left gastroepiploic arteries also sent their branches to both the lesser and greater curvatures. Six or seven short gastric arteries from the splenic artery supplied the greater curvature. Anastomoses between the left and right gastric, between the left and right gastroepiploic, and between short gastric arteries and left gastric arteries were observed.