IL-27 和PCT 联合检测在不同分型的脓毒症危重患者中的诊断价值

目的：探讨白细胞介素-27（Interleukin 27,IL-27）对成人全身炎症反应综合征（systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS）和脓毒症的诊断价值。方法：214 例SIRS患者按入院诊断结果及感染源不同分为非脓毒症组（n＝80）、肺源性脓毒症组（n＝ 73）和非肺源性脓毒症组（n＝ 61）。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测各组患者血清IL-27 和降钙素原（PCT）水平;绘制受试者 工作特征曲线（ROC）,判断各指标的诊断价值,分析各生物标志物的性能,判断潜在的预测变量。结果：肺源性脓毒症患者体温符 合SIRS 标准的比例为65.8%,明显高于非脓毒症患者（45.0%）及非肺源性脓毒症患者（45.9%）（P ＜ 0.05）;非肺源性脓毒症患者白 细胞数符合SIRS标准的比例为68.9%,明显高于非脓毒症患者42.5%,（P ＜ 0.05）。确诊脓毒症后的患者血清IL-27 的AUC 为 0.655,PCT的AUC 为0.649。根据不同感染源进一步分析,肺源性和非肺源性脓毒症患者血清IL-27 水平明显高于非脓毒症患 者,肺源性和非肺源性脓毒症患者PCT 水平明显高于非脓毒症患者（P＜0.01）。ROC曲线分析发现,肺源性和非肺源性脓毒症患 者血清IL-27 的AUC分别为0.657 和0.652,肺源性和非肺源性脓毒症患者PCT 的AUC 为0.667 和0.629。分别联合检测三组患 者的血清IL-27 和PCT值,肺源性脓毒症患者的AUC为0.728,非肺源性脓毒症患者的AUC 为0.703。对肺源性脓毒症患者与非 肺源性脓毒症患者诊断的准确性均有所提升。结论：肺源性和非肺源性脓毒症患者较非脓毒症患者更加符合SIRS 标准。IL-27 作 为脓毒症诊断的生物标志物,对病情变化的反应不敏感,而IL-27 和PCT 结合可以使诊断的准确性提高。     

血清PCT、CRP及IL-6联合检测诊断细菌性血流感染的临床价值分析

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白介素-6(IL-6)联合检测诊断细菌性血流感染(BSI)的临床价值。方法:选取我院2015年8月到2016年10月收治的疑似细菌性BSI患者216例,入院后均送检血培养,根据培养结果将其分为阳性组(102例)和阴性组(114例)。统计细菌性BSI阳性率、革兰阳性菌感染率和革兰阴性菌感染率;检测血清PCT、CRP、IL-6水平,并比较两组患者的差异,同时绘制ROC曲线并计算出各指标及联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及约登指数值。结果:所有疑似BSI患者的细菌阳性检出率为47.22%,革兰阳性菌感染率与革兰阴性菌感染率对比无差异(P0.05);阳性组的血清PCT、CRP、IL-6水平均明显高于阴性组(P0.05);血清IL-6的AUC明显大于PCT和CRP(P0.05);PCT、CRP及IL-6联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及约登指数均明显高于单项检测(P0.05)。结论:血清PCT、CRP及IL-6对于BSI均有着一定诊断价值,而各指标联合检测诊断BSI的临床价值更高。     

儿童真菌性肠炎患者血清IL-27增高及其意义

目的 评价血清IL-27对儿童真菌性肠炎的诊断价值.方法 收集89例儿童真菌性肠炎,61例儿童病毒性肠炎和41例健康对照者的临床资料及血清.酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中IL-27和降钙素原(Procalcitionin,PCT)的水平,全自动血球分析仪检测各项白细胞参数,分析IL-27与白细胞计数和PCT的相关性,采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)法评价血清IL-27对儿童真菌性肠炎患者的诊断价值.结果 儿童真菌性肠炎患者血清IL-27水平较儿童病毒性肠炎组和健康对照组显著增高(P＜0.01),儿童真菌性肠炎患者IL-27的水平与白细胞计数无显著相关性(R=-0.198,P＞0.05),与PCT水平呈显著正相关(R=0.419,P＜0.01).IL-27诊断儿童真菌性肠炎的ROC曲线下面积为0.82(95％可信区间:0.63～0.89,P＜0.01).最佳诊断界值为80.5 pg/mL,敏感性为0.75,特异性为0.79.结论 IL-27对儿童真菌性肠炎具有较高的诊断价值.     

Utilization of serum procalcitonin as a biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of children with bacterial hospital-acquired pneumonia

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is one of the common infections in hospitalized patients. Early and prompt diagnosis of HAP is important because it aids in the appropriate selection of antibiotics and decreases the mortality and morbidity of patients. The investigation on serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in pediatric patients is limited. Herein we aimed to evaluate the role of PCT in the early diagnosis of children with bacterial HAP. The study enrolled 264 children (<?14 years old) who were radiographically detected by pulmonary condensation chest X-rays. The HAP patients were stratified by patterns of microbiological detection of pathogens. Baseline white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil proportion, PCT, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on admission. The laboratory findings and microbiological findings were analyzed and compared among groups. The median PCT concentration of patients with typical bacterial pathogens (3.95?±?3.75 ng/mL) was significantly higher than the one of the patients with other pathogen types (median lower than 1.20 ng/mL). Correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between PCT concentrations and the main inflammation makers including WBC count, neutrophil proportion, and CRP. PCT level was significantly decreased to 0.86?±?1.46 ng/mL in post-treatment patients (p?<?0.001). This cohort study with 264 pediatric HAP patients demonstrated the reliability of PCT level as a biomarker in patients with typical bacterial pathogens. Specifically, PCT cutoffs of 2 ng/mL accurately identified HAP children with typical bacterial pathogens. This finding suggested that PCT may serve as a reliable biomarker for the early diagnosis and treatment indicator of children with HAP.

     

Association between IL-27 2905T/G genotypes and the risk and survival of cervical cancer: a case-control study

Background: Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has been recognized as a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties.

Patients and methods: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the possible associations of IL-27 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to cervical cancer and clinical outcome.

Results: Our results suggested that the IL-27 2905T/G was significantly associated with a decreased risk of cervical cancer. Further analysis showed IL-27 2905T/G genotypes were associated with advanced tumor stages of cervical cancer patients. More interestingly, the IL-27 2905T/G genotypes were statistically significantly associated with the survival in cervical cancer patients.

Conclusion: Our results showed that the IL-27 2905T/G genotypes were associated with decreased the susceptibility and development of cervical cancer in Chinese Han population.     

PCT、IL-6及CRP对新生儿宫内细菌感染的诊断价值

目的:探讨新生儿宫内细菌感染采用降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、及C反应蛋白(CRP)诊断的临床价值。方法:根据感染结局将2013年3月~2014年9月在我院分娩且有宫内感染高危因素的179例新生儿分为感染组(34例)和无感染组(145例),检测两组的PCT、IL-6及CRP水平,并比较各项指标对宫内细菌感染的诊断价值。结果:感染组脐带血PCT、IL-6、CRP水平均高于无感染组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。感染组各单个指标阳性率、两指标联合的阳性率高于无感染组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),感染组中PCT、IL-6阳性率高于CRP,PCT+IL-6的阳性率高于PCT+CRP、IL-6+CRP,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。PCT+IL-6的灵敏度、准确率高于单个指标及其他两个指标联合检测的结果,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),各项指标检测的特异性比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:新生儿宫内感染采用脐带血PCT检测具有灵敏度高,特异性好的特点,联合IL-6检测是临床诊断新生儿宫内感染的最有效的方式。     

Copeptin,Procalcitonin and Routine Inflammatory Markers–Predictors of Infection after Stroke

Background

Early predictors for the development of stroke-associated infection may identify patients at high risk and reduce post-stroke infection and mortality.

Methods

In 383 prospectively enrolled acute stroke patients we assessed time point and type of post-stroke infections (i.e. pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI) other infection (OI)). Blood samples were collected on admission, and days 1, and 3 to assess white blood cells (WBC), monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and copeptin. To determine the magnitude of association with the development of infections, odds ratios (OR) were calculated for each prognostic blood marker. The discriminatory ability of different predictors was assessed, by calculating area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Prognostic models including the three parameters with the best performance were identified.

Results

Of 383 patients, 66 (17.2%) developed an infection after onset of stroke. WBC, CRP, copeptin and PCT were all independent predictors of any infection, pneumonia and UTI developed at least 24 hours after measurements. The combination of the biomarkers WBC, CRP and copeptin (AUC: 0.92) and WBC, CRP and PCT (AUC: 0.90) showed a better predictive accuracy concerning the development of pneumonia during hospitalization compared to each marker by itself (p-Wald <0.0001).

Conclusion

Among ischemic stroke patients, copeptin, PCT, WBC and CRP measured on admission were predictors of infection in general, and specifically for pneumonia and UTI within 5 days after stroke. The combination of these biomarkers improved the prediction of patients who developed an infection.     

PCT, IL-6及CRP 对新生儿宫内细菌感染的诊断价值

目的:探讨降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及C反应蛋白(CRP)对新生儿宫内细菌感染的诊断价值。方法:根据感染结局将2013年3月-2014年9月在我院分娩且有宫内感染高危因素的179例新生儿分为感染组(34例)和无感染组(145例),检测两组新生儿的PCT、IL-6及CRP水平,并比较其对宫内细菌感染的诊断价值。结果:感染组新生儿脐带血PCT、IL-6、CRP水平均高于无感染组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。感染组新生儿各单个指标阳性率、两指标联合检测阳性率高于无感染组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),感染组新生儿PCT、IL-6阳性率高于CRP,PCT+IL-6的阳性率高于PCT+CRP、IL-6+CRP,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。PCT+IL-6的灵敏度、准确率高于单个指标及其他两个指标联合检测,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),各项指标检测的特异性比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:新生儿宫内感染采用脐带血PCT检测具有灵敏度高、特异性好的特点,联合IL-6检测是临床诊断新生儿宫内感染的有效方式。     

血清降钙素原(PCT)在新生儿感染中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、淀粉样蛋白(SAA)、外周血白细胞计数(WBC)及中性粒细胞比例(N)在新生儿感染中的临床应用价值。方法:随机选取2015年10月~2017年6月在我院治疗并确诊感染的出生三日内的新生儿106人,以及未感染新生儿57人,将其分为未感染组、一般感染组及败血症组,比较其血清PCT、CRP、SAA、WBC及中性粒细胞比例。结果:败血症组的N、PCT均高于未感染组(P0.05),而败血症组的WBC高于或者低于未感染组(P0.05);一般感染组的N、PCT均高于未感染组(P0.05);败血症组PCT高于感染组(P0.05)。WBC、N、PCT用于鉴别诊断一般感染和败血症的ROC曲线的曲线下面积依次为0.551、0.580、0.815,当PCT的值设为6.785 ng/mL时,其鉴别诊断一般感染和败血症的灵敏度50.0%,特异度为97.7%。结论:PCT对于诊断败血症有较高的诊断价值,能有效鉴别一般感染和败血症,中性粒细胞比例和白细胞在诊断细菌感染方面是PCT的补充,三者联合诊断可以提高新生儿细菌感染的诊断准确性。     

血清降钙素原检测对早期诊断肝衰竭合并感染的临床意义

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)检测在肝衰竭合并感染早期诊断中的临床意义。方法:选择2014年3月至2017年3月我院收治的由病毒性肝炎导致的肝衰竭患者102例为研究对象,根据有无感染分为感染组(75例)和非感染组(27例),采用干式免疫荧光法检测其血清PCT水平,并检测两组患者白细胞(WBC)水平、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、中性粒细胞百分比(N%),进行全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)评分,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析PCT、WBC、CRP、N%水平和SIRS评分对肝衰竭合并感染的预测价值大小,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价PCT、WBC、CRP、N%水平和SIRS评分对肝衰竭合并感染的诊断价值。结果:感染组PCT、WBC、N%、CRP水平和SIRS评分均高于非感染组(P0.05);不同感染部位患者WBC、N%、CRP水平和SIRS评分比较差异不明显(P0.05);多部位感染患者血清PCT水平均高于其他单部位感染患者(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PCT和N%水平是肝衰竭合并感染的独立危险因素(P0.05);PCT、N%、CRP、WBC水平和SIRS评分诊断肝衰竭合并感染的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值依次为0.916、0.763、0.752、0.746、0.682,PCT诊断肝衰竭合并感染的AUC值分别与N%、CRP、WBC和SIRS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=3.518、3.672、4.103、5.106,P0.05)。结论:肝衰竭合并感染患者血清PCT水平明显升高,PCT对肝衰竭合并感染的诊断价值优于WBC、CRP、N%和SIRS评分等传统实验室指标。     

Evaluating the mechanism underlying antitumor effect of interleukin 27 on B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients

Chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy resisted to apoptosis. Recently, some studies indicated that cytokines such as interleukin 27 (IL-27) can reduce B-cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanism underlying the proapoptotic effect of IL-27 on B cells of patients with CLL in comparison with B cells of normal subjects. The effect of IL-27 on the antitumor activity of natural killer (NK) and T cells was also evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 35 patients with CLL and 15 normal subjects. B cells and PBMCs were cocultured with IL-27 and B cells apoptosis to evaluate proliferation. Both messenger RNA and protein expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor were determined using flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. To evaluate the apoptotic effect of IL-27 on B cells of patients with CLL, Annexin V-FITC and 7-AAD (BioLegend) fluorescent dyes were used. In addition, the IL-27 effect on activation of T cell and NK cell was determined by determining CD96 molecule expression. IL-27 and IL-27 receptor expression in patients with CLL was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (p < .05). IL-27 enhanced apoptosis of B cells in patients with CLL (p < .05) but this effect was not significantly observed in B cells of normal subjects (p > .05). Consequently, IL-27 reduced the proliferation of B cells and enhanced NK cell activity (p < .05). IL-27, through inducing apoptosis, can exert an inhibitory effect on cancer B cells of CLL patients with minimal effect on normal B cells.     

重症慢性阻塞性肺病急性发作期患者血清PCT, hs-CRP及D-D的表达及意义

目的:探究重症慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)急性发作期患者血清降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和D-二聚体(D-D)的表达及意义。方法:选取2014年9月-2016年9月我院收治的146例COPD患者作为研究对象,其中73例COPD急性发作期(AECOPD)患者纳入急性期组,73例COPD缓解期患者纳入缓解期组,另选取同期来我院体检的40例健康者作为对照组。比较三组研究对象的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平,同时比较急性期组细菌感染与无细菌感染患者、不同肺功能分级的患者血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平的差异。结果:急性期组与缓解期组患者的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平较对照组显著升高(P0.05),急性期组的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平较缓解期组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。合并细菌感染组血清PCT、hs-CRP水平均显著高于无细菌感染组(P0.05),而D-D水平则无统计学差异(P0.05)。不同肺功能分级患者间的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平比较差异显著(P0.05),且肺功能分级越高水平越高(P0.05)。结论:AECOPD患者的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平均显著的升高,三者联合检测能够有效反映患者病情严重程度,并有利于诊断患者是否存在有细菌感染。     

白细胞介素-39联合降钙素原评估脓毒症严重程度的临床价值

摘要 目的：探讨白细胞介素-39（Interleukin-39, IL-39）联合降钙素原 （Procalcitonin, PCT）对脓毒症严重程度的评估价值。方法：随机选取2019年12月至2020年12月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院及瑞金医院因感染入院患者100例,分为非脓毒症组、脓毒症组和脓毒症休克组,根据28天内脓毒症患者是否死亡,分为死亡组和存活组,另纳入40例健康人为对照组。测量患者入院24小时内的IL-39及PCT水平,绘制受试者工作特征曲线（Receiver operating characteristic curve, ROC）分析IL-39、PCT 及二者联合对脓毒症患者病情严重程度的评估价值。结果：所有感染组IL-39、PCT水平均高于健康对照组,且随着病情严重程度的增加而升高,从低到高的顺序为健康对照组<非脓毒症组<脓毒症组<脓毒症休克组,死亡组患者IL-39、PCT水平高于存活组;ROC曲线分析IL-39和PCT以及二者联合对预测脓毒症休克的曲线下面积（Area under curve, AUC）为0.776,0.794,0.866,灵敏度为81.0 %,61.9 %,90.5 %,特异度为74.4 %,84.6 %,66.7 %,约登（Youden）指数分别为0.5531,0.4652,0.5714,截断值分别为115.05 pg/mL,33.18 ng/mL;ROC曲线分析IL-39和PCT以及二者联合预测患者死亡的价值,AUC为0.798,0.774,0.868,灵敏度为90.9 %,54.6 %,90.9 %,特异度为65.3 %,87.8 %,79.6 %,Youden指数分别为0.5622,0.4230,0.7050,截断值分别为115.05 pg/mL,46.59 ng/mL。结论：IL-39联合PCT评估脓毒症严重程度的临床价值,优于PCT单项预测,检测IL-39水平有助于脓毒症病情的早期评判。     

中性粒细胞CD64指数、PCT及NLR在 感染性疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞CD64指数、降钙素原(PCT)和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)在感染性疾病诊断和鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法选取确诊的感染性疾病患者127例和同期健康对照者54例为研究对象,感染性疾病患者按照血培养和微生物检测结果分为病毒感染组(51例)和细菌感染组(76例)。分别检测每一位受试对象的外周血中性粒细胞CD64指数、PCT水平和NLR,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)研究这3项指标在感染性疾病诊断和鉴别中的临床价值。结果感染性疾病患者中性粒细胞CD64指数、PCT水平和NLR明显高于健康对照组(P0.01)。细菌感染组患者中性粒细胞CD64指数、PCT水平和NLR明显高于病毒感染组(P0.01)。ROC曲线显示:当用于诊断感染性疾病时,中性粒细胞CD64指数、PCT和NLR的AUC值分别为0.799、0.655、0.622,灵敏度分别为75.4%、63.5%、60.3%,特异度分别为79.6%、67.4%、60.0%,3项指标联合检测的AUC值为0.812;当用于鉴别诊断细菌感染和病毒感染时,中性粒细胞CD64指数、PCT和NLR的AUC值分别为0.931、0.728、0.551,灵敏度分别为89.1%、70.3%、60.9%,特异度分别为80.0%、64.6%、57.2%,3项指标联合检测的AUC值为0.935。结论在感染性疾病的诊断和鉴别感染类型中,中性粒细胞CD64指数明显优于PCT和NLR。3项指标联合检测优于任何一个单项指标的检测效果。     

Prognostic and diagnostic value of elevated serum concentration of procalcitonin in patients with suspected heart failure. A review and meta-analysis

Purpose: The diagnostic and prognostic significance of procalcitonin remains uncertain in HF patients. We reviewed and performed a meta-analysis of studies that measured PCT in HF patients, with or without infection.

Materials and methods: We identified seven studies (9514 patients, 5810 with diagnoses of HF) eligible for our analysis, out of 247 examined. We estimated the serum PCT concentrations in patients with and without HF and/or infection and examined the mortality rates of patients with versus without elevated serum PCT concentrations.

Results: The mean age of the study samples ranged between 58 and 81?years, the men proportion between 47% and 66%, the follow-up duration between 22 and 180?days. The median PCT concentration in patients with HF and concomitant infections tended to be higher (0.26?ng/l [0.06, 0.46]) than in patients with HF alone (0.10?ng/l [0.08, 0.12]; p?=?0.059).

The mortality of patients suffering from HF and whose serum PCT concentrations were elevated was significantly higher than that of patients suffering from HF whose PCT concentrations were normal at 30 (2.66 [1.74, 4.05]), 90 (2.12 [1.59, 2.83]) and 180?days (2.06 [1.13, 3.78]).

Conclusions: In patients with HF, an elevated serum PCT concentration predicted the short-term risk of death.     

降钙素原联合SOFA评分对老年脓毒症患者预后的评估价值

目的:探讨降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)联合SOFA评分(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)对老年脓毒症患者预后的评估价值。方法:选择首都医科大学宣武医院急诊抢救室收治的105例老年脓毒症患者,入院后给予血常规、血清PCT水平、血气分析及生化全项等检查,并进行急性生理及慢性健康状况评分(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,APACHEⅡ)和SOFA评分。根据预后将患者分成死亡组27例和存活组78例,比较两组组患者血清PCT水平、白细胞(WBC)、SOFA评分和APACHEⅡ评分,同时比较和分析APACHEⅡ评分、血清PCT水平、SOFA评分、PCT和SOFA评分联合预测患者死亡的受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)下面积。结果:死亡组患者血清PCT水平、SOFA评分和APACHEⅡ评分均明显高于存活组(P0.05),两组WBC比较无统计学差异(P=0.132);PCT预测患者死亡的ROC曲线下面积为0.694(P=0.001),SOFA预测患者死亡的ROC曲线下面积为0.660(P=0.012),APACHE II评分预测患者死亡的ROC曲线下面积为0.852(P=0.001),大于PCT和SOFA评分(P0.05),PCT和SOFA评分联合预测患者死亡的ROC曲线下面积0.761(P=0.001),与APACHE II评分比较无统计学差异(P=0.139)。结论:血清PCT水平联合SOFA评分预测老年脓毒症患者预后的临床价值与APACHE II评分相当,均明显优于血清PCT水平和SOFA评分单项检测。     

CD64 and Group II Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) as Biomarkers for Distinguishing Adult Sepsis and Bacterial Infections in the Emergency Department

Introduction

Early diagnosis of sepsis and bacterial infection is imperative as treatment relies on early antibiotic administration. There is a need to develop new biomarkers to detect patients with sepsis and bacterial infection as early as possible, thereby enabling prompt antibiotic treatment and improving the survival rate.

Methods

Fifty-one adult patients with suspected bacterial sepsis on admission to the Emergency Department (ED) of a teaching hospital were included into the study. All relevant cultures and serology tests were performed. Serum levels for Group II Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) and CD64 were subsequently analyzed.

Results and Discussion

Sepsis was confirmed in 42 patients from a total of 51 recruited subjects. Twenty-one patients had culture-confirmed bacterial infections. Both biomarkers were shown to be good in distinguishing sepsis from non-sepsis groups. CD64 and sPLA2-IIA also demonstrated a strong correlation with early sepsis diagnosis in adults. The area under the curve (AUC) of both Receiver Operating Characteristic curves showed that sPLA2-IIA was better than CD64 (AUC = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–0.97 and AUC = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82–0.99, respectively). The optimum cutoff value was 2.13μg/l for sPLA2-IIA (sensitivity = 91%, specificity = 78%) and 45 antigen bound cell (abc) for CD64 (sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 89%). In diagnosing bacterial infections, sPLA2-IIA showed superiority over CD64 (AUC = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.85–0.96, and AUC = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93–1.00, respectively). The optimum cutoff value for bacterial infection was 5.63μg/l for sPLA2-IIA (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 94%) and 46abc for CD64 (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 83%).

Conclusions

sPLA2-IIA showed superior performance in sepsis and bacterial infection diagnosis compared to CD64. sPLA2-IIA appears to be an excellent biomarker for sepsis screening and for diagnosing bacterial infections, whereas CD64 could be used for screening bacterial infections. Both biomarkers either alone or in combination with other markers may assist in decision making for early antimicrobial administration. We recommend incorporating sPLA2-IIA and CD64 into the diagnostic algorithm of sepsis in ED.     

Serum kinetics of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 differs in relation to the type of arthroplasty

Context: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) participates in the inflammatory process.

Purpose: To describe changes of sTREM-1 in the serum after hemiarthroplasty (HA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: Serial blood samples were drawn from 122 patients with hip fracture. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), sTREM-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.

Results: IL-6 and CRP were similarly increased after both HA and THA. sTREM-1 was increased early in HA and late after THA. The only parameter that was higher among patients who developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome was IL-6.

Conclusions: Kinetics of sTREM-1 differs among patients undergoing HA of the hip and those undergoing THA.     

Differential effects of Akt pathway inhibitors on IL-1β-induced protein phosphorylation in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes

Context: Interleukin (IL)-1β activates various signal transduction pathways including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and Akt in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS).

Objective: We investigated the effects of an Akt inhibitor, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and Akt RNAi knockdown on IL-1β-induced protein phosphorylation in HFLS to clarify the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB)α and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27).

Materials and methods: A multiplex suspension array system was used for the detection of phosphorylated proteins.

Results: IL-1β induced biphasic phosphorylation of IκBα, with the first phase occurring 10?min after IL-1β stimulation, and this was augmented by treatment with Akt inhibitor IV. However, this phenomenon was not observed after treatment with LY-294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Furthermore, Akt inhibitor IV suppressed ERK2 phosphorylation, whereas LY-294002 and Akt RNAi had no effect. In contrast, Akt inhibitor IV, LY-294002, and Akt RNAi augmented HSP27 phosphorylation.

Discussion and conclusions: Modulation of different stages of the PI3K/Akt pathway may differentially affect the phosphorylation of IκBα and HSP27 in HFLS.