高山植物短管兔儿草光合作用特性及其对冰冻胁迫的反应

短管兔儿草为典型的高山植物,具较强的光合能力,但光合效率较低。叶片具有发达的通气贮气组织;栅栏组织发达,叶绿体基粒片层较少。短管兔儿草光合作用特性易受生长环境因素的影响。低温胁迫使短管兔儿草光合速率、光合量子产额降低。低温下的光照加剧了光合作用受抑制的程度。本研究表明,短管兔儿草具较强的抗冻能力,是研究植物抗冻机理及筛选抗冻基因的理想材料。     

矮嵩草光合作用与环境因素关系的比较研究

 以青海高原不同海拔地区生长的矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)为材料,研究高山植物光合作用随海拔梯度的变化特征及对生长环境和低温胁迫的反应。随海拔升高矮嵩草叶绿素含量有降低的趋势,而叶绿素a／b值和类胡萝卜素含量则随海拔升高而增高。生长地区海拔越高矮嵩草光合速率、光补偿点、光饱和点越高;而光合表观量子产额则随海拔升高而降低。光呼吸强度有随海拔升高而降低的趋势。矮嵩草光合作用特性受生长环境因素的影响。低温胁迫导致矮嵩草光合速率、表观量子产额降低,低温下的光照加剧了光合作用抑制的程度。     

5种沉水植物的光合特征

以碘量法测定水中溶解氧的变化作为衡量沉水植物光合作用和呼吸作用变化的指标 ,研究了狐尾藻、金鱼藻、苦草、菹草和黑藻光合作用对光照的响应 ,比较了它们的光合能力及光合特征。不同光照强度下 ,供试材料的光合速率高低排列各不相同。 5种沉水植物的光合作用都表现出强光抑制现象 ,不同种类在高光强下光合速率下降的程度差异较大。狐尾藻等植株的下部可形成没有叶片的茎 (非光合茎 )。这些茎不进行光合作用或光合作用很弱 ,其暗呼吸也只是光合部分的一半左右。具有非光合茎的种类可在较深的水体中生存。 5种沉水植物中 ,苦草对光的需求最低 ,适于在低光照条件的水下生长 ,不耐强光 ;狐尾藻和金鱼藻对光的需求最高 ,在上层有较强的竞争能力 ;菹草和黑藻对光的需求介于中间 ,最大光合产量出现在中层 ,可在水体中层形成优势。     

植物对低温的光合响应

低温是影响植物生长和发育的主要环境因子之一.低温下,植物的许多生理生化过程受到影响,而其中光合作用是对低温最敏感的过程.光合作用是地球上最重要的生理生化过程,所以研究光合作用在低温下的响应机制具有重要意义.本文系统地总结了当前国内外最新研究进展,综述了低温下植物的光合响应,主要内容包括影响低温下光合响应的因素、低温下光合响应的关键问题--能量平衡的调节,以及植物的低温光合响应信号通路,并展望了低温光合响应研究的新方向.     

水母雪莲愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞的抗冻性研究

水母雪莲（Saussurea meduasaMaxim）是典型的高山雪线植物。本文研究了其愈伤组织及悬浮细胞的培养过程,并对其抗寒性做了初步研究。 研究结果表明,水母雪莲愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞分别可抵抗-6.5 ℃、-7.5 ℃的冰冻低温胁迫。水母雪莲愈伤组织细胞内丰富的蛋白质和淀粉粒多糖构成其较强抗冻能力的物质基础。低温锻炼后,悬浮细胞分泌蛋白中有新的多肽（76,48,27.5,19.5 kD）合成,而33,51 kD两条多肽合成增强。悬浮细胞抗冻能力的提高同蛋白质合成的增强是一致的。     

水母雪莲愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞的抗冻性研究

水母雪莲（Saussurea meduasa Maxim）是典型的高山雪线植物。本文研究了其愈伤组织及悬浮细胞的培养过程,并对其抗寒性做了初步研究,研究结果表明,水母雪莲愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞分别可抵抗-6.5℃、-7.5℃的冰冻低温胁迫,水母雪莲愈伤组织细胞内丰富的蛋白质和淀粉粒多糖构成其较强抗冻能力的物质基础,低温锻炼后,悬浮细胞分泌蛋白中有新的多肽（76,48,27.5,19.5kD）合成,而33,51kD两条多肽合成增强,悬浮细胞抗冻能力的提高同蛋白质合成的增强是一致的。     

高山植物光合机构耐受胁迫的适应机制

植物的光合作用是易受环境影响的重要生理过程之一.高山植物作为生长在特定极端环境(低温/强辐射)下的植物群体,其光合器官在形态结构和生理功能上形成了抵御强辐射和低温胁迫的特殊适应机制.但由于较高的生境异质性,高山植物的光保护适应机制存在较大的差异.光保护适应机制与光合作用密切关联,影响植物的碳同化能力和生物量的形成能力.本文对近年来国内外有关高山植物光合器官叶绿体的形态、超微解剖结构及光合机构光保护适应机理的研究进展进行了综述,并提出了今后高山植物光合作用生理适应性研究的方向.     

低温弱光对辣椒幼苗光合特性与光合作用启动时间的影响

以辣椒(Capsicum annuumL.)幼苗为试材,研究了偏低温弱光(19℃/12℃昼/夜,90μmol?m-2?s-1)和临界低温弱光(15℃/8℃昼/夜,90μmol?m-2?s-1)胁迫10 d后的光合特性与光合作用启动时间的变化.结果表明:无论是在偏低温弱光还是在临界低温弱光下,辣椒幼苗的光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)、光饱和时的光合速率(Amax)和表观量子产额(AOY)下降;CO2补偿点(CCP)升高,而CO2饱和点(CSP)、CO2饱和时的光合速率(Amax)以及羧化效率(CE)下降;温度补偿点(TCP)降低;光合作用启动时间(STP)延长.在偏低温弱光下,辣椒幼苗有着更高的光与CO2利用能力和利用效率,光合作用启动时间较短,但温度补偿点较高.     

高山红景天解剖学研究

高山红景天(Rhodiola sachalinensis A.Bor.)根、茎、叶中均有发达的通气组织, 根中的通气组织是维管射线细胞破裂形成的。根中任何薄壁组织细胞中均含有固体蛋白质。茎中维管束环外有糊粉层。叶肉细胞中的固体蛋白质多数存在于叶脉周围。植物体内丰富的蛋白质构成了其较强抗冻能力的物质基础。根中木栓十分发达。     

高山植物的抗寒抗冻特性

综述了高山植物光合作用对冰冻低温胁迫的反应和适应特性,阐述了高山植物呼吸作用的低温适应特点;对高山植物抗冻机制作了详细分析和讨论。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).