太行菊属植物花粉形态研究

以采自河北、河南、山西太行菊属2种植物17个种群的花粉为实验材料,利用扫描电镜对其形态进行系统观察和比较,并进行聚类分析,探讨太行菊属植物的演化进程路线.结果显示:(1)太行菊属花粉为单粒花粉,球形或近球形,极面观三裂圆形,具3孔沟.(2)扫描电子显微镜下花粉外壁纹饰以刺-颗粒状复合纹饰为主,刺基部膨大,体积较小属小型...     

南水青冈属及壳斗科其他属花粉壁超微结构比较研究

对主要分布于南美和新西兰的南水青冈属Nothofagus 花粉外壁的超微结构进行了观察和研究, 同时与壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的结构进行比较,结果表明,南水青冈属花粉外壁的厚度、结构、萌发孔类 型以及花粉外壁表面的纹饰与壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的超微结构存在明显差别。主要表现为：南水青 冈属花粉外壁的柱状层和内层发育差,为颗粒状;基层和覆盖层无分化结构;覆盖层上为刺状纹饰;萌发 孔为5～8沟。壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的小柱发育好,形成明显的柱状层;覆盖层和基层常具一定的结 构;花粉表面较光滑,或为波状、颗粒或瘤状纹饰;内层发育较好;多数花粉具3孔沟,少数为3沟或3拟 孔沟。本研究认为南水青冈属花粉外壁的结构属于较原始类型,支持kuprianova等将南水青冈属独立为南壳斗科。     

菊科千里光簇未冬亚族的花粉超薄结构及其系统学意义

研究了国产菊科千里光族款冬亚族及其相关类群１１属１５种植物的花粉超薄结构。研究类群的花粉超薄结构可分为２类：“千里光型”和“向日葵型”。多榔菊属、大吴风草属和毛冠菊属为“向日葵型”,其余种类均为“千里光型”。根据花粉超薄结构类型,结合其它有关方面的研究,认为大吴风草属与橐吾属并不近缘,而毛冠菊属可能接近于紫菀族。     

菊科千里光族款冬亚族的花粉超薄结构及其系统学意义

研究了国产菊科千里光族款冬亚族及其相关类群 1 1属 1 5种植物的花粉超薄结构。研究类群的花粉超薄结构可分为 2类 :“千里光型”和“向日葵型”。多榔菊属、大吴风草属和毛冠菊属为“向日葵型”,其余种类均为“千里光型”。根据花粉超薄结构类型 ,结合其它有关方面的研究 ,认为大吴风草属与橐吾属并不近缘 ,而毛冠菊属可能接近于紫菀族。     

土圞儿属和旋花豆属(豆科)的孢粉学研究

在扫描电子显微镜下,对豆科土儿属(Ap ios)和旋花豆属(Coch lianthus)7个种植物的花粉进行了观察.结果表明,2个属的花粉均为三孔沟,形状为三角球形或球形.土儿属的花粉可划分为2种类型:肉色土儿(A.carnea)的花粉外壁为典型的网状纹饰,其它种的花粉外壁较光滑,具颗粒状或短条纹状纹饰,研究结果不支持土儿属下亚属的划分;肉色土儿花粉外壁的网状纹饰式样可能反映了其在土儿属中处在较进化的位置.土儿属东亚分布种的花粉类型较为多样,原始和进化2种类型并存,表明东亚可能是土儿属的起源地和演化中心.旋花豆属的花粉特征和肉色土儿相似,说明两者之间的亲缘关系可能较近.     

沿阶草亚科(百合科)的花粉形态及其属间亲缘关系的探讨

本文对山麦冬属Liriope 3种、沿阶草属Ophiopogon 24种和球子草属Peliosanthes 2种植物的花粉,用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了它们的花粉的形态以及外壁的超微结构。发现它们的花粉外壁纹饰和结构明显的可分为两类：1．皱波状类型：具穿孔类型,山麦冬属和沿阶草属大体属这一类,其外壁外层具覆盖层、柱状层和基层、内层不明显,内壁明显。 2．瘤状突起类型：球子草属大体属这一类,其瘤状突起大小不均,外壁外层无覆盖层, 柱状层为大小不均的小柱,内层不明显,内壁明显。 这表明山麦冬属和沿阶草属的关系密切,但它们与球子草属的关系则较远。本文还论述了这三属的花粉形态与外部形态之间的相关性,并讨论了这三属之间的进化关系。 山麦冬属、沿阶草属和球子草属的外壁纹饰和结构等特征均支持将这三属分成沿阶草族和球子草族的观点。     

中国热带、亚热带栎属植物花粉形态多样性及其古气候意义

本研究利用扫描电子显微镜对栎属(Quercus L.)植物中18个种[10种属于栎亚属(Quercus),8种来源于青冈亚属(Cyclobalanopsis)]的花粉进行了详细的外壁纹饰研究。这些栎属植物广泛分布于中国热带和亚热带地区。结果显示,落叶类型栎亚属花粉外壁具有瘤状或分散的瘤状纹饰,常绿类型栎亚属花粉具有棒状或聚合棒状纹饰,青冈亚属花粉具有皱波状、刺状或聚合棒状纹饰。花粉外壁纹饰特征可为栎属花粉化石的属内种级分类提供有效的鉴定依据。大量的现代栎属花粉研究显示,具有棒状纹饰的花粉多源自于分布在高海拔地区的常绿类型栎亚属植物,而具有皱波状和刺状纹饰的花粉多来源于相对低海拔地区分布的青冈亚属植物。在古环境重建中,栎属化石花粉的形态多样性不仅可以帮助我们可靠地区分关键地层中的常绿和落叶栎属植物,也可能成为指示不同海拔高度的潜在的古气候指标。     

假橐吾属(菊科：千里光族)的核形态研究

首次发表假橐吾属Ligulariopsis Y．L．Chen的核形态研究结果。染色体间期为复杂型,前期染色体为中间型。染色体长度从2．70μm到4．70μm,平均长度为3．62μm,无明显的二型性;核型公式为2n=58=34m+18am(2sat)+6st,核型类型属于2A 。假橐吾属的核型和蟹甲草属与橐吾属相似,但假橐吾属具有较多的亚中部、中部着丝点染色体。     

壳斗科栎属青冈亚属的花粉形态及其系统学意义

对栎属青冈亚属17个种及炭栎花粉形态进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明:青冈亚属和炭栎花粉均为三拟孔沟,球形至长球形,(15～28.0)μm×(15.0～25.6)μm。花粉外壁纹饰可划分为3种:(1)蠕虫状(包括皱波状)、(2)聚合颗粒状、(3)棒状或小刺状。各纹饰在组间镶嵌分布。棒状及小刺状纹饰为栎属花粉较为原始式样,并为青冈亚属与高山栎组及部分巴东组(sect.Cerris)共有,推测其间具有较其它栎类更为接近的亲缘关系,可能为广义栎属中较为基础的类群,而与栎亚属sect.Quercuss.s.,Lobatae和Protobalanus关系较远。花粉形态对广义栎属系统分类价值仅适用于较高分类阶元。     

延龄草科四属花粉形态的研究

对延龄草科重楼属Paris L.延龄草属Trillium L.Medeola L.属和Scoliopus Torr.属以及百合科百合属Ｌilium L.和萱草属Ｈemerocallis L.花粉进行了光镜和电镜的观察和比较。结果表明,在延龄草科中,重楼属,Medeola属和Scoliopus属花粉具有较多的相似性：具单一远极沟,极面观椭圆形,外壁为网状纹饰或皱波－网状纹饰。而延龄草属花粉与它们的差异则较大,为圆形,无萌发孔,外壁非网状纹饰,而是颗粒状,疣状,芽孢状,星状和微刺状等纹饰。百合属中的Lilium michauxii和萱草属中的金针菜Hemerocallis citrina花粉均为单一远极沟,外壁表面为网状纹饰。但其网脊特别粗,具不规则突起并形成棱角（H.citina)或由许多排列成念珠状的、形状不一的分子组成（Lilium michauxii),结构特别复杂。就其萌发孔类型和纹饰特征看,它们与延龄草科中的重楼属,Medeola属和Scoliopus属花粉具有较多的性。花粉外壁的层次结构在延龄草科各属之间（延龄草属除外）,甚至在延龄草科与百合科之间均没有多大的差异。     

国产爵床科芦莉花族植物的花粉形态

报道了国产爵床科Acanthaceae芦莉花族Ruellieae芦莉花亚族Ruelliinae 2属7种、假杜鹃亚族Barlerinae 1属3种和马蓝亚族Strobilanthinae 16属34种植物扫描电镜下的花粉形态.芦莉花亚族的地皮消属Pararuellia和喜花草属Eranthemum的花粉均为圆球形,具3孔或3孔沟,外壁为不同的网状结构; 假杜鹃亚族的假杜鹃属Barleria的花粉为长球形,具3孔沟,外壁亦为网状结构;马蓝亚族植物(包含广义的马蓝属Strobilanthes s.l.)花粉形态多样,结构复杂.依据花粉萌发孔和外壁纹饰特征,可将马蓝亚族16属植物和上述两亚族3属植物的花粉形态归纳成3大类型: 1. 具3孔类型.其中又有(1)外壁具网状纹饰者,见于地皮消属; (2)外壁具芽胞状纹饰者,见于黄猄草属Championella; (3)外壁具刺状(棒状)纹饰者,见于南一笼鸡属Paragutzlaffia、叉花草属Diflugossa和假蓝属Pteroptychia.2. 具3孔沟及具3孔沟与假沟类型(肋条带型).其中又有(1)具3孔沟和网状纹饰者,见于喜花草属和假杜鹃属; (2)具刺状(棒状)纹饰者,见于南一笼鸡属、叉花草属和假蓝属; (3)具3孔沟与假沟,外壁纹饰具节隔、肋条带状或网状,网眼纵向排列成行,网眼内有细网纹者,见于耳叶马蓝属Perilepta、马蓝属Pteracanthus(大部分)、金足草属Goldfussia、紫云菜属Strobilanthes(部分)和合页草属Sympagis; (4)具3孔沟与假沟类型,肋条带状,但不具节隔,外壁纹饰网状,网眼不成行或不明显纵向排列,网内无细网纹者,见于尖蕊花属Aechmanthera、板蓝属Baphicacanthus、马蓝属(部分)和糯米香属Semnostachya; (5)具双脊及细网状纹饰者,见于环毛紫云菜Strobilanthes cycla.3. 具(4-)5孔沟及假沟类型(肋条带型),外壁具网状或拟网状纹饰,见于腺背蓝属Adenacanthus.另外兰嵌马蓝属Parachampionella、山一笼鸡属Gutzlaffia和肖笼鸡属Tarphochlamys的花粉有无萌发孔尚不清楚,有待进一步研究.综上所述,芦莉花族植物的花粉形态具有较高的多样性,是重要的分类性状.利用花粉形态特征能较好地区分高级分类群如亚科、族以及亚族,有时也有助于阐明类群之间的相互关系,甚至也能用于区分属、种和阐明其关系.     

Pollen morphology of endemic species of the Gonospermum Less., Lugoa DC. and Tanacetum L. complex (Asteraceae: Anthemideae) in the Canary Islands (Spain), and its taxonomical implications

The pollen of nine endemic taxa of the Gonospermum Less., Lugoa DC. and Tanacetum L. complex and of T. parthenium L. (introduced species from the Canary Islands) was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy with the aim of extending the knowledge of their morphology and to investigate whether pollen morphology may help clarifying the controversial taxonomy of these taxa. Twenty six populations in the Canary Islands (Spain) were studied and the following parameters were measured: polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), polar exine thickness (Ex1), length (L) and thickness (A) of the spines in the meridional optical section, exine thickness at the centre of the mesocolpium in the interapertural area (Ex2) and distance between spines (De) in the equatorial optical section. The studies show that the pollen of the three genera is very similar regarding shape, apertures, and ornamentation, but may be distinguished by size and exine thickness.     

Pollen morphology of the tribe Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) from

Pollen morphology of seven species in two genera in the Ruelliinae, three species in one genus in the Barlerinae and 34 species in 16 genera in the Strobilanthinae (Ruellieae, Acanthaceae), were observed under SEM. Pollen grains in Ruellieae, particularly in Strobilanthinae (including Strobilanthes s.l.) exhibit great diversity and are most eurypalynous in the family. In light of the aperture types and exine ornamentation patterns, pollen grains of the genera examined fall into three major types: 1. 3-porate pollen, which includes, (1) pollen with reticulate exine ornamentation (Pararuellia); (2) pollen with gemmate exine ornamentation (Championella); (3) pollen with echinate exine ornamentation (Paragutzlaffia, Diflugossa and Pteroptychia). 2. 3-colporate pollen or 3-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi, which includes, (1) 3-colporate pollen with reticulate exine ornamentation (Eranthemum and Barleria); (2) 3-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi and ribbed or banded, and septate exine ornamentation, the lumina rounded, finely reticulate inside and arranged in longitudinal rows (Perilepta, Pteracanthus, Goldfussia, Sympagis and some species of Strobilanthes); (3) 3-colporate pollen with ribbed or banded yet not septate exine ornamentation, the lumina neither distinctly rounded and finely reticulate inside, nor conspicuously arranged in longitudinal rows (Aechmanthera, Baphicacanthus, Semnostachya and some species of Pteracanthus); and (4) 3-colporate pollen with ribbed and finely reticulate exine ornamentation but with broader bands, each band with two ridges (Strobilanthes cycla). 3. (4-)5-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi and reticulate or ornate exine ornamentation (Adenacanthus). No distinct apertures were observed in three genera, Parachampionella, Gutzlaffia and Tarphochlamys. Pollen morphological characters in the Acanthaceae can be used not only to distinguish taxa of higher ranks (subfamily, tribe and subtribe) and elucidate their relationships, but sometimes can also be used to distinguish genera and species.     

A Comparative study on pollen exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus and the other genera of Fagaceae

The genus Nothofagus is mainly distributed in South America and New Zealand. The present paper describes its pollen exine ultrastructure and compares the exine ultrastructure with that of the other genera of Fagaceae. The pollen grains were examined using ultrathin sectioning technique under transmission electron microscope. The study shows that the pollen exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus differs from that of the other genera of Fagaceae by its exine structure and thickness, type of aperture, and ornamentation. The pollen exine of Nothofagus is thin and possesses granular bacules, regular foot layer and tectum, spinulate ornamentation, and the endexine is usually visible at poral area, and 5～8 colpate. The pollen exine of the other genera of Fagaceae possesses entire bacules, irregular foot layer and tectum, granulate and tuberculate ornamentation, thicker endexine, and is 3-colporate ( 3-colpate or 3-colporoidate). The pollen exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus may belong to primitive type. The pollen exine ultrastructure data support Kuprianova’s opinion that Nothofagus should be separated from Fagaceae and established as a monogenetic family, i.e. Nothofa-gaceae.     

Pollen morphology of the family Cistaceae in Egypt and its systematic significance

The pollen morphology of 11 species (including two subspecies and two varieties) belonging to two genera (Helianthemum and Fumana) of the family Cistaceae in Egypt was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy.Pollen grains of the studied taxa were found to be radially symmetrical and tricolporate.Pollen size,shape,apertures,and exine ornamentation characteristics were valuable parameters among the studied taxa.The largest pollen size was recorded in H.salicifolium and the smallest one observed in H.kahiricum subsp,schweinfurthii.Pollen shape in the Egyptian taxa varied from (sub-)prolate to prolate spheroidal,but F.arabica is different in having sub-oblate grains.The pollen data confirm that H.lippii and H.sessiliflorum are very closely related species.Pollen sculpture was useful in distinguishing between H.vesicarium var.vesicarium and H.vesicarium var.ciliatum.Three main pollen types of exine ornamentation were recognized:retipilate; reticulate to verrucate; and striate.Based on palynological data,a key for the studied taxa is suggested.     

Palynological Features as a Systematic Marker in Artemisia L. and Related Genera (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) - II: Implications for Subtribe Artemisiinae Delimitation

Abstract: Using optical and scanning electron microscopy, we completed a palynological study of the subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), which we started in a previous paper. This subtribe contains different genera with a systematic position that, in many cases, has been controversial. There is a group of genera closely related to Artemisia, and another one more related to Chrysanthemum sensu lato. We confirm the existence of two pollen morphological patterns - concerning exine ornamentation - in the tribe Anthemideae and in the subtribe Artemisiinae as currently considered: one with long spines ( Anthemis type) and the other with short spinules ( Artemisia type). This feature is a good taxonomic marker, well correlated with other morphological and with molecular characters. This enables a new delimitation of the subtribe Artemisiinae, which is characterized by pollen grain ornamentation constituted by short spinules (microechinate pollen), and should be restricted to Artemisia and the closely related genera that share this trait.     

水鳖科9属15种植物花粉形态的研究

应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对水鳖科Hydrocharitaceae 9属15种植物的花粉形态进行 了观察。水鳖科植物花粉为圆球形至近椭球形,无萌发孔或偶为单沟萌发孔,外壁纹饰通常为小刺状纹 饰,刺密集或稀疏,花粉表面具瘤状、疣状、颗粒状、皱波状突起或光滑。外壁由覆盖层、柱状层和基层组 成。覆盖层厚或较薄,柱状层小柱发育不明显,基层薄。水鳖科植物在花粉大小、纹饰类型、刺的长短、 密度、形态、萌发孔的有无以及花粉壁的结构等方面表现出了较为明显的差异,这些特征对探讨类群间 关系具有较重要意义。由于黑藻属Hydrilla和Stratiotes属花粉较为特殊,支持将它们各自作为一个独立 的族处理。水鳖科植物花粉外壁纹饰和结构特点表明该科与水雍科Aponogetonaceae、泽泻科Alismataceae 和花蔺科Butomaceae等近缘,而该科植物花粉大多无萌发孔等则反应了该科与茨藻目Najadales植物有密切联系。     

樟科植物花粉形态研究

樟科植物为我国南方常绿阔叶林重要组成成分,我国约有20属420余种。过去对于樟科花粉形态的研究仅限于在光学显微镜下进行观察记载,以台湾学者王仁礼的研究最为全面,共记载了台湾产14属40余种的花粉形态。本文作者以国产樟科为主,应用扫描电镜及光学显微镜对该科花粉形态进行了更为全面系统的研究,共观察记载了22属150余种,对各属的花粉形态特征均进行了描述;首次报道了樟科花粉有小穿孔的存在,并依据花粉的形状、外壁纹饰及小穿孔存在与否将樟科花粉划分为7个类型,即:1．厚壳桂型(Cryptocarya,Neocimamomum);2．檬果樟型(Caryodaphnopsis);3．木姜子型(Litsea,Lindera,Neolitsea);4．月桂型(Laurus);5．鳄梨型(Persea,Machilus,Syndiclis,Nothaphoebe, Beilschemiedia,Phoebe,Alseodaphne,Octea);6．檫木型(Sassafras,Cinnamomum,Umbellularia,Actinodaphne,Dehaasia);7．无根藤型(Cassytha)。文中还讨论了樟科花粉的多样性、有关属之间的亲缘关系和分类问题以及同邻近的肉豆蔻科、莲叶桐科的关系。     

Palynological evolutionary trends within the tribe Mentheae with special emphasis on subtribe Menthinae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae)

The pollen morphology of subtribe Menthinae sensu Harley et al. [In: The families and genera of vascular plants VII. Flowering plants·dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin, pp 167–275, 2004] and two genera of uncertain subtribal affinities (Heterolamium and Melissa) are documented in order to complete our palynological overview of the tribe Mentheae. Menthinae pollen is small to medium in size (13–43 μm), oblate to prolate in shape and mostly hexacolpate (sometimes pentacolpate). Perforate, microreticulate or bireticulate exine ornamentation types were observed. The exine ornamentation of Menthinae is systematically highly informative particularly at generic level. The exine stratification in all taxa studied is characterized by unbranched columellae. Orbicules are consistently absent in Menthinae. Our palynological data are interpreted in a phylogenetic context at tribal level in order to assess the systematic value of pollen characters and to evaluate the existing molecular phylogenies for this group. Pollen morphology suggests Heterolamium as a close relative of subtribe Nepetinae and supports the molecular affinity of Melissa to subtribe Salviinae.     

中国大蒜芥族植物花粉形态的研究

对中国大蒜芥族10属14种植物花粉形态分别进行了光镜和扫描电镜下的观察研究。结果表明该族花粉形态可划分为4种类型：（1）具3沟,超长球形,网状纹饰,外壁2层;（2）具3沟,超长球形,细网状纹饰,外壁1层;（3）具3沟（偶4沟）,长球形,网状纹饰,外壁2层;（4）具6沟,长球形,网状纹饰,外壁2层。因此,中国大蒜芥族的花粉形态多样性程度较高,说明了它不是一个自然类群,是一个多系类群,这与前人研究结果相一致。另外,本文首次报道十字花科锥果芥属植物具6沟花粉,具6沟花粉在十字花科中极为特殊,所以作者将锥果芥属提升为族级,另立新族,即锥果芥族（Tribe Berteroelleae F．Z．Li,G．Y．Tang ＆ Z．Y．Sun,trib．nov．）。