连作马铃薯根际土壤真菌种群结构及其生物效应

连作障碍已成为马铃薯产业发展的主要限制因素,为了探明马铃薯连作障碍的机理,减轻连作障碍对产量的影响,采用大田试验与PCR-DGGE分子指纹图谱技术相结合的方法,研究马铃薯连作对根际土壤真菌种群结构的影响及其生物效应.结果表明： 随着连作年限的增加,根际土壤中真菌DGGE图谱的条带数量增加,连作1～5年处理的操作分类单元(OTU)分别比对照(轮作)增加了38.5%、38.5%、30.8%、46.2%和76.9%,说明马铃薯连作使根际土壤中真菌优势种群的个体数明显增多.随着连作年限的增加,各处理间真菌种群结构的相似性越来越低.通过真菌DGGE条带的克隆测序比对发现,随着连作年限的增加,马铃薯根际土壤土传病害病原菌尖孢镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌的数量明显增加,而球毛壳菌作为一种生防菌,连作5年时数量明显减少.连作使根际土壤中病原真菌种群过渡成为优势种群,根际微生态环境恶化,从而作用于根系,使根系活力和吸收面积下降,最终导致块茎产量大幅度-下降.     

水旱轮作对滩涂绿花椰菜根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响

本研究比较轮作和连作下滨海滩涂地绿花椰菜根际土壤真菌群落结构和多样性的变化特征,以探索不同轮作方式减缓绿花椰菜连作田连作障碍的效果。采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,分析单季稻-绿花椰菜水旱轮作、南瓜-绿花椰菜旱旱轮作和绿花椰菜连作3种耕作方式对绿花椰菜根际土壤真菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明,在浙江省台州湾滨海滩涂地绿花椰菜种植区,水旱轮作、旱旱轮作和连作绿花椰菜根际土壤共获得11门、27纲、52目、94科、155属真菌。在门水平上相对丰度较高的为子囊菌门Ascomycota、油壶菌门Olpidiomycota、担子菌门Basidiomycota、接合菌门Zygomycota、壶菌门Chytridiomycota。与连作相比,轮作显著提高了绿花椰菜根际土壤中子囊菌门、壶菌门菌群的相对丰度,而以水旱轮作对其相对丰度的提高幅度更大。轮作显著降低了绿花椰菜根际土壤中油壶菌门、接合菌门菌群的相对丰度,而以水旱轮作对这2门菌群相对丰度的降低幅度更大。在属水平上轮作显著降低了绿花椰菜根际土壤中油壶菌属Olpidium、镰刀菌属Fusarium等的相对丰度,显著提高了绿花椰菜根际土壤中格孢腔菌属Pleospora的相对丰度,而水旱轮作更提高了格孢腔菌属的相对丰度,降低了油壶菌属、镰刀菌属的相对丰度。因此,轮作能改善台州湾滨海滩涂地上绿花椰菜根际土壤真菌群落结构,但水旱轮作更能增加绿花椰菜根际土壤真菌有益菌丰度,减少绿花椰菜根际土壤真菌有害菌群丰度,提高根际土壤真菌多样性指数,改良绿花椰菜根际土壤生态环境。     

滁菊连作土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的分离、鉴定及变化特征

采用传统平板培养法及尖孢镰刀菌专性培养基对滁菊连作土壤的真菌和尖孢镰刀菌进行分析测定,结果表明,在滁菊连作条件下,土壤中真菌和尖孢镰刀菌的数量显著增加,平均分别达到8.71×105 cfu/g干土和3.12×104cfu/g干土,各自是对照土壤的2.24倍和5.57倍。土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量显著增加可能是导致滁菊连作障碍的重要因素。     

不同菠萝品种种植对连作蕉园土壤理化性质和可培养微生物数量的影响

【背景】不同作物轮作是克服作物连作障碍的重要措施,香蕉与菠萝轮作能有效缓解香蕉土传枯萎病。【目的】以休耕(CK)、高病蕉园土壤中种植巴西香蕉苗(B)、高病蕉园土壤中种植"巴厘"菠萝苗(B_BP)、高病蕉园土壤中种植"金菠萝"菠萝苗(B_GP)和高病蕉园土壤中种植"台农17号"菠萝苗(B_PP)为对象,研究不同菠萝品种种植对连作蕉园土壤理化性质和可培养尖孢镰刀菌、真菌、细菌和放线菌数量的影响,揭示不同菠萝品种种植在高病蕉园土壤中理化性质差异及微生物分布特征。【方法】采用盆栽试验结合可培养微生物研究方法,探究在高病蕉园土壤种植不同菠萝品种后的土壤理化性质和可培养微生物数量的变化。【结果】与休耕(CK)处理相比,高病蕉园土壤中继续种植巴西香蕉苗(B)处理显著增加土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,而种植菠萝品种"金菠萝"和"台农17号"(B_GP和B_PP)处理均能显著降低土壤中可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量,增加细菌和放线菌数量。土壤速效磷、细菌及放线菌数量均与可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量呈显著负相关关系;pH和真菌数量与可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量呈显著正相关关系。主坐标分析(principalco-ordinatesanalysis,PCoA)和多元回归树(multivariate regression trees,MRT)分析结果表明,种植"金菠萝"和"台农17号"菠萝(B_GP和B_PP)处理间的土壤肥力质量相近,并显著区别于其他3个处理。【结论】在高发病香蕉园地,种植菠萝品种"金菠萝"和"台农17号"(B_GP和B_PP)可以显著改善其土壤理化性质和土壤可培养微生物状况,对香蕉连作障碍有较好的缓解作用。     

苹果连作生防细菌B6对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量及连作土壤环境的影响

以苹果连作障碍病原真菌层出镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌为靶标菌,通过平板对峙法对分离自苹果根际土壤的细菌进行反复筛选比较,对筛选出的拮抗效果最优的菌株进行形态学、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,并于盆栽条件下探讨其菌肥对平邑甜茶幼苗生长及连作土壤环境的影响.结果表明: 菌株B6对上述4种病原真菌的抑菌率最高,分别达到71.8%、70.1%、72.6%、91.5%.经鉴定,菌株B6为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌.盆栽试验表明,与连作处理(CK₁)相比,B6菌肥处理(T)可以不同程度地促进平邑甜茶幼苗生物量的增加,其中地径、鲜质量和干质量分别显著增加18.3%、51.2%;显著提高连作土壤中可培养细菌和放线菌数量,使真菌数量下降为连作土壤的37.7%,促使土壤类型向细菌型转化;显著提高连作土壤中的蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,增长率分别为37.3%、24.0%、42.9%、49.4%.表明B6菌肥可以优化苹果连作障碍土壤中可培养微生物群落结构,提高土壤酶活性,增加平邑甜茶幼苗生物量.     

3株芽孢杆菌对番茄的促生作用及对番茄根域微生物的影响

通过种子萌发和盆栽促生试验研究3株芽孢杆菌Bs10、Ba12和Bl10对番茄的促生作用及其对番茄根域微生物区系的调节作用.结果表明: 3株芽孢杆菌对番茄种子的胚轴、胚根和番茄植株的生长有明显的促进作用,处理后番茄根系的总长度、总表面积和总体积均显著增加;处理后土壤中细菌数量和比例显著增加,真菌数量和比例明显减少.与对照相比,土壤微生物区系优势菌数量发生改变:优势甲基营养型芽孢杆菌在番茄根区、根表土壤中和根内的数量大幅提高;病原真菌腐皮镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌在根区和根表土壤中的数量显著减少.推知芽孢杆菌对根系微生物区系的调节作用是其发挥防病促生作用的重要机制之一.     

黄瓜连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

伴随连作年限的增加,日光温室黄瓜连作土壤中酚酸类物质(对羟基苯甲酸、阿魏酸、苯甲酸)明显积累,连作5～9年的土壤酚酸类物质含量显著高于连作1～3年的土壤.伴随外源酚酸类物质处理浓度的增加,黄瓜根区土壤中细菌、放线菌和微生物总量以及N生理群均呈先升后降趋势,在80 μg·g^-1处理浓度下细菌、放线菌数量最多,处理浓度在120μg·g^-1以下土壤真菌数量(包括尖孢镰刀菌、疫霉)急剧增长;多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性也同样呈先升后降趋势,但其峰值对应的浓度不同.     

连作对白肋烟根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

以种植白肋烟1年、2年和4年的土壤为研究对象,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术分析根际土壤细菌群落的动态变化.结果表明:白肋烟根际土壤细菌群落香农指数和丰富度指数随着种植年限的增加呈现出先增后减的趋势,连作4年后细菌群落的多样性水平显著降低,细菌群落结构较单一.随着种植年限的增加,根际土壤细菌群落与对照的相似性指数逐渐降低.种植年限为1年、2年的土壤和对照土壤中放线菌门放线菌纲是优势类群,种植年限为4年的土壤中放线菌纲所占的比例下降,而厚壁菌门的芽孢杆菌纲成为优势类群.白肋烟连作使根际鞘氨醇单胞菌属和链霉菌属等益生菌数量减少、蜡状芽孢杆菌等潜在致病菌增加,破坏了烟草根际土壤微生物群落的平衡,使其微生态环境恶化.     

连栽杉木根际土壤镰刀菌属真菌群落变化规律

为探讨连栽对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.)根际土壤镰刀菌属真菌多样性的影响,本研究应用DGGE技术研究连栽杉木根际土壤镰刀菌属(Fusarium)真菌在一代杉木人工林(first rotation Chinese fir plantation,FCP)、二代杉木人工林(second rotation Chinese fir plantation,SCP)与三代杉木人工林(third rotation Chinese fir plantation,TCP)的组成及含量变化,并结合qRT-PCR技术测定杉木根际土壤病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的绝对含量变化,从而揭示杉木连栽障碍土壤微生态失衡现象。DGGE结果表明,多代连栽后杉木根际土壤镰刀菌属真菌组成及含量均发生显著变化,优势菌尖孢镰刀菌含量随着栽植代数的增加显著上升。主成分分析能较好区分FCP、SCP与TCP根际土壤镰刀菌群落特征。聚类分析结果表明,TCP土壤镰刀属结构组成及百分含量与FCP、SCP差异显著。多样性分析结果显示,连栽杉木土壤镰刀菌多样性与丰富度均呈现FCPSCPTCP。qRT-PCR分析表明,FCP、SCP与TCP根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌的绝对含量随栽植代数增加不断上升,进一步验证了DGGE结果。由此推测,杉木连栽障碍与根际土壤微生态失衡密切相关,其中尖孢镰刀菌含量的上升是重要因素之一。     

大棚蔬菜轮/连作系统土壤肥力与微生物因子综合评价

从土壤肥力与微生物因子探索连茬障碍机理,以期为其提供科学依据。研究草莓番茄轮作(RST)、番茄连作4年(CT4)和番茄连作10年(CT10)3种蔬菜种植模式根际与非根际土壤微生物区系及生理菌群,并对土壤肥力与微生物生物因子进行主成分分析。结果表明根际土壤微生物三大类群和生理菌群数量均高于非根际,根际效应显著。番茄连作根际与非根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量呈现先增加后减少趋势;真菌数量呈线型增加趋势,CT4和CT10在根际与非根际较RST分别增加9.09%和2.11%、75.48%和57.72%。番茄连作根际土壤硝化细菌和好气性自生固氮菌数量的减少,氨化细菌与好气性纤维素分解菌在短期连作表现为增加长期减少的变化趋势;解钾菌、无机磷和有机磷细菌数量在根际与非根际土壤均减少。在6种研究的种植模式中,RST根际土壤状况最好,其次为CT4的根际与RST非根际土壤,CT10的根际土壤、CT4与CT10非根际土壤状况最差。结论是蔬菜连作造成土壤质量下降,连作年限越长下降越显著。     

The use of previous crops as sustainable and eco-friendly management to fight Fusarium oxysporum in sesame plants

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), the “Queen of oil seeds” is being infected with pathogens, i.e., fungi, bacteria, virus and nematodes. Fusarium oxysporum sp. sesami (Zap.), is one of the fiercest pathogens causing severe economic losses on sesame. This work aimed to evaluate the impact of the cultivation of some preceding crops and seed inoculation with antagonistic predominant rhizospheric bacteria and actinomycetes on the incidence and development of Fusarium damping-off and wilt disease. Results showed that the lowest pre and/or post-emergence damping-off and wilt of sesame were recorded after onion and garlic, followed by wheat compared to clover in both the 2019 and 2020 seasons. In vitro, soil extracts from plots where onion and garlic have been cultivated slightly decreased the conidia germination and mycelium radial growth of F. oxysporum. The numbers of sesame rhizospheric F. oxysporum and fungi were lower after the cultivation of onion and garlic than those after wheat and clover. However, the numbers of actinomycetes and bacteria were higher in the onion, garlic, and clover rhizosphere than wheat. Among all isolated bacteria and actinomycetes associated with sesame roots cultivated after preceding plants, the Tricoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis (isolate No.3) profoundly reduce F. oxysporum mycelial growth in vitro. When sesame seeds were inoculated with Tricoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces rochei and Pseudomonas fluorescens, the disease incidence of damping-off and wilt significantly decreased in the greenhouse and field trials conducted in both tested growing seasons, also had highly significant on plant health and growth parameters. Therefore, the current study suggested that using the preceding onion and garlic plants could be used for eco-friendly reduction of damping-off and wilt disease of sesame.     

Silicon-Mediated Tomato Resistance Against Ralstonia solanacearum is Associated with Modification of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activity

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious soil-borne disease of Solanaceae crops. In this study, the soil microbial effects of silicon-induced tomato resistance against R. solanacearum were investigated through pot experiment. The results showed that exogenous 2.0 mM Si treatment reduced the disease index of bacterial wilt by 19.18 % to 52.7 % compared with non-Si-treated plants. The uptake of Si was significantly increased in the Si-treated tomato plants, where the Si content was higher in the roots than that in the shoots. R. solanacearum inoculation resulted in a significant increase of soil urease activity and reduction of soil sucrase activity, but had no effects on soil acid phosphatase activity. Si supply significantly increased soil urease and soil acid phosphatase activity under pathogen-inoculated conditions. Compared with the non-inoculated treatment, R. solanacearum infection significantly reduced the amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes by 52.5 % and 16.5 %, respectively, but increased the ratio of soil fungi/soil bacteria by 93.6 %. After R. solanacearum inoculation, Si amendments significantly increased the amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and reduced soil fungi/soil bacteria ratio by 53.6 %. The results suggested that Si amendment is an effective approach to control R. solanacearum. Moreover, Si-mediated resistance in tomato against R. solanacearum is associated with the changes of soil microorganism amount and soil enzyme activity.     

Anti-Fungal Sesquiterpenoid from the Root Exudate of Solanum abutiloides

The Solanum abutiloides plant is highly resistant to soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahliae, and Ralstonia solanacearum. This species is utilized as a mating source of resistant cultivars and is also used as a rootstock. The root exudate of Solanum abutiloides was extracted from a soil system composed of charcoal and vermiculite. Anti-fungal activity was found in the extract, and an active ingredient was isolated. The chemical structure of the active compound was determined to be 3-β-acetoxysolavetivone, a new sesquiterpenoid. The anti-fungal activity of 3-β-acetoxysolavetivone examined by the inhibition of spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum was close to that of lubimin, and higher than that of solavetivone.     

phlF− mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens J2 improved 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis and biocontrol efficacy against tomato bacterial wilt

Pseudomonas fluorescens J2 can produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) as the main antibiotic compound and effectively inhibits the wilt pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum. The phlF which negatively regulates the 2,4-DAPG synthesis in strain J2 was disrupted by homologous recombination to construct a mutant strain J2-phlF⁻. The mutant J2-phlF⁻ produced much more 2,4-DAPG and showed higher inhibitory effect on R. solanacearum than the wild type strain J2 in vitro. The mutant J2-phlF⁻ also showed more colonization of tomato roots and higher inhibition to R. solanacearum in soil than wild type strain J2. The biocontrol efficiency of mutant J2-phlF⁻ was higher against tomato bacterial wilt than wild type strain J2, but the differences were not significant. However, the application of both strains with organic fertilizer improved the colonization and biocontrol efficiency against tomato bacterial wilt and mutant strain J2-phlF⁻ showed higher biocontrol efficiency against tomato bacterial wilt than wild type strain J2. Both strains, J2 and J2-phlF⁻, could also promote the growth of tomato plants.     

Mechanism underlying the response of fungi and their Fusarium symbiotic networks to the rotations of soybean and corn

Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani are the main soybean root rot pathogens in northern China. We investigated the distribution and driving factors of Fusarium under different cropping systems to evaluate and regulate soil health. The factors affecting Fusarium in soybean cropping systems were assessed using high-throughput sequencing of ITS1 to identify soil microbial population diversity, and then the soil physicochemical properties were assessed to determine the levels of various elements present in the environment. According to the results, the abundance of Fusarium was obviously reduced in the corn–soybean rotation and uncultivated soil systems. The relative abundance of Fusarium in the soil and the abundance and diversity of fungal communities were significantly positively associated with the abundance of Ascomycota. Additionally, the relative abundance of Fusarium was significantly positively correlated with the zinc (Zn) content. When the Zn content was high, the abundance of Fusarium increased, and the correlations with Chaetomium, Cryptococcus, Penicillium and Trichoderma significantly decreased. Soybean yield was significantly negatively correlated with fungal community abundance and diversity. Based on our results, the uncultivated soil and corn–soybean rotation cropping systems improved the organizational structure of the soil fungal community and were conducive to the health and production of soybean.     

不同连作年限甜瓜种植土壤性质和微生物多样性

[背景]连作种植和化肥、农药过量施用导致设施甜瓜土壤质地恶化、病害严重,甜瓜产量和质量下降.[目的]明确甜瓜连作种植年限对土壤化学性质、土壤酶活性和微生物多样性的影响.[方法]以甜瓜种植1年、5年和10年的温室耕层土壤为研究对象,采用常规分析方法、土壤酶活测定试剂盒、稀释涂布平板法和Illumina MiSeq高通量测...     

Analysis of interspecific relationships between Funneliformis mosseae and Fusarium oxysporum in the continuous cropping of soybean rhizosphere soil during the branching period

This study analysed the interspecific relationships between the dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Funneliformis mosseae, and the major soybean root rot pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum, in the rhizosphere soil of continuous cropped soybean. Our aim was to provide theoretical evidence on the AM fungi to overcome the obstacles of soybean continuous cropping. We selected soybean cultivars, including Kenfeng 16 (an intermediate cultivar), Heinong 44 (a high-fat cultivar) and Heinong 48 (a high-protein cultivar), and sowed in the soybean continuous cropping soil under different treatments. The infection status of the soybean roots during the branching period by Fu. mosseae and F. oxysporum was estimated using the standard polymerase chain reaction method, as well as their colonisation status in rhizosphere soil. The AM fungal colonisation rates and F. oxysporum disease incidence of soybean roots were determined, respectively. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to analyse the DNA content of Fu. mosseae and F. oxysporum to investigate the relationship between Fu. mosseae and F. oxysporum. The results show that both Fu. mosseae and F. oxysporum can infect the soybean roots during the branching period and colonise the rhizosphere. However, the DNA content of F. oxysporum clearly decreased in soybean root and rhizosphere samples after the inoculation with Fu. mosseae. In addition, the disease incidence of F. oxysporum significantly decreased after inoculation with Fu. mosseae, which might indicate inhibitive effects of Fu. mosseae over F. oxysporum.     

Direct effect of biocontrol agents on wilt and root-rot diseases of sesame

In Egypt, sesame cultivation is subject to attack by wilt and root-rot diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (Zap) Cast. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Maubl) Ashby causing losses in quality and quantity of sesame seed yield. Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride isolates which were isolated from sesame rhizosphere were the most effective to antagonise fungal pathogens, causing high reduction of hyphal fungal growth. Trichoderma viride was found to be mycoparasitic on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami and M. phaseolina causing morphological atternation of fungal cells and sclerotial formation. In general, Bacillus subtilis, T. viride, avirulent Fusarium oxysporum isolate and Glomus spp. (Amycorrhizae) significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence of sesame plants at artificially infested potted soil by each one or two pathogens. Data obtained indicate that Glomus spp significantly reduced wilt and disease severity development on sesame plants followed by T. viride. Meanwhile, avirulent Fusarium oxysporum isolate followed by Glomus spp. were effective against root-rot disease incidence caused by M. phaseolina. Glomus spp. followed by B. subtilis significantly reduced wilt and root-rot disease of sesame plants. All biotic agents significantly reduced F. oxysporum f.sp. sesami and M. phaseolina counts in sesame rhizosphere at the lowest level. Glomus spp. and the avirulent isolate of F. oxysporum eliminated M. phaseolina in sesame rhizosphere. Meanwhile T. viride was the best agent at reducing F. oxysporum at a lower level than other treatments. Application of VA mycorrhizae (Glomus spp.) in fields naturally infested by pathogens significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence and it significantly colonised sesame root systems and rhizospheres compared to untreated sesame transplantings.     

不同种植模式下丹参根际土壤微生物群落结构变化

采用MiSeq高通量测序技术对连作、轮作、套作3种种植模式下丹参根际土壤中细菌的16S rDNA基因V3—V4区片段和真菌18S rDNA基因V4区片段进行了测序,研究了细菌和真菌群落结构的变化,并分析了其与土壤因子的关系,从根际微生态系统的变化阐释了丹参连作障碍的发生机理。总体上,细菌和真菌群落的大部分Alpha多样性指数在3种种植模式之间没有显著差异,但呈现轮作套作连作的趋势。与连作相比,轮作显著提高了细菌群落的香农-威纳指数和丛枝菌根真菌的侵染率。从细菌群落的组成上看,轮作模式下芽单胞菌门的相对丰度显著低于连作和套作。相反,轮作和套作时浮霉菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度则高于连作。轮作和套作模式下,真菌群落中的接合菌门、壶菌门和子囊菌门的相对丰度显著高于连作。另外,不同种植模式下微生物之间的相互作用关系也有明显差异,轮作甚至会造成真菌之间的相互关系发生逆转。连作模式下检出了丹参枯萎病的病原菌镰刀菌,而有益菌枯草杆菌属的数量却呈下降趋势,这可能是引起丹参病害加剧的原因之一。主坐标成分分析表明,微生物群落在3种种植模式之间没有发生显著的分化,前两个主坐标成分的总解释能力均小于30%,表明没有显著的主导因子。轮作和套作可以提高土壤pH和部分矿质营养,降低ORP。但是,土壤性质的变化仅影响细菌群落,对真菌群落的影响不明显。套作模式下,总钾和有效钾会提高细菌和真菌群落的多样性;轮作和连作模式下的真菌群落则刚好相反,它们更适应低钾和高ORP的环境。研究结果表明,轮作和套作可以在一定程度上改善土壤质量,提高根际细菌群落多样性,改变微生物群落组成,以及微生物-微生物、微生物-丹参之间的相互关系,这些可能是缓解丹参连作障碍的重要原因。     

烟草化感自毒物质降解复合菌剂的优化及应用效果评价

烟草(Nicotianatabacum)长期连作导致土壤中烟草自身分泌的化感自毒物质的积累,加剧了烟草青枯病(tobacco bacterial wilt, TBW)的发生,严重威胁烟草的生产并造成了巨大的经济损失。【目的】获得对长期连作烟田青枯病具有显著防治效果的复合菌剂。【方法】利用筛选到的烟草化感自毒物质降解菌株构建复合菌剂,通过正交试验和单因素试验对菌种配比和助剂进行优化,对其在温室盆栽和连作烟田生产的应用效果进行评价。【结果】正交试验结果表明,复合菌剂中芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO1、布鲁氏菌(Brucella sp.) NO8、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO9和NO10的最佳菌种配比为1:3:4:2;单因素试验结果表明最佳的载体为白炭黑;最佳润湿剂和分散剂分别为六偏磷酸钠和丁基萘磺酸钠,其最佳比例为1:1,最佳用量各为2%;稳定剂甘油的最佳浓度为1.0%。盆栽试验结果显示,复合菌剂对6种化感自毒物质的降解率和对青枯病的抑制率均达到78%以上。大田试验结果显示,100倍稀释的复合菌剂对连作15年烟田中的6种化感自毒物质具有显著的降解效果,并且能明显增...