我国华东地区乡镇卫生院人员流动情况分析

目的 了解目前乡镇卫生院人力流动情况及其特点,为卫生行政部门合理加强乡镇卫生院人力建设、促进人力合理流动提供依据。方法 以华东地区3个省市抽样调查的35家乡镇卫生院为研究对象,分析在2003—2007年5年间人员流动情况,引用人力综合素质评分,综合了年龄、学历和职称3个方面的信息,分析人力流动特征。结果 调查地区乡镇卫生院通过人员流动使综合素质得到优化,但流入人员素质仍偏低;乡镇卫生院科室分布及专业构成发生变化;流动逐年活跃,组织调动的比重上升,但调动对人力综合素质的改善程度有限。结论 加强政策引导和激励措施,提高乡镇卫生院吸引高素质人才的能力;重视人员组合的优化,合理调整临床与非临床人员的比例,加强中医药与防保事业的人力队伍建设。建议卫生行政部门重视通过人员调动途径优化乡镇卫生人员队伍素质,一方面加强乡镇卫生院对高素质人才的引进力度,另一方面加强自身建设,防止较高素质人才的流失,提高自身人力建设能力。     

卫生人力资源对乡镇卫生院服务可及性的影响研究

目的 了解京郊乡镇卫生院卫生服务可及性现状,分析基层卫生人力资源对服务可及性的影响,并提出相应的建议。方法 采用分层抽样与目的抽样结合的方法,对北京市5个远郊区县15个乡镇的21名医务人员以及11名患者进行关键知情人访谈。结果 乡镇卫生院人员队伍不稳定、专业人员缺乏、人员编制有限以及梯队不合理对卫生服务可及性产生直接的影响。结论 从满足人员基本需求、配备专业技术人员、科学制定人员编制以及合理配置人员梯队四方面改善基层卫生人才队伍建设,从而提高卫生服务可及性。     

潍坊市乡镇卫生院人力资源现状分析

目的 了解潍坊市乡镇卫生院人力资源情况,为政府部门合理配置卫生人力资源和基层医疗机构综合改革提供参考。方法 对2010年潍坊市148个乡镇卫生院进行问卷调查。从整体上对乡镇卫生院的整体情况、年龄结构、学历结构、职称构成和专业构成情况进行分析。结果 潍坊市乡镇卫生院人员实有编制数及人员素质总体偏低。结论 应采取有效措施培训和引进人才,提高卫生技术人员的素质和能力。     

9所大学附属医院职能部门人力资源现状调查

目的 掌握某医科大学9所附属医院职能部门人力资源现状。方法 采用整群抽样法，向9所附属医院的职能部门工作人员发放799份问卷，回收率100%。结果 9所附属医院职能部门工作人员女性明显多于男性，平均年龄40.1岁，管理工作平均年限为9.9岁，学历构成主要以本科为主，“双肩挑”占12.3%，具有卫生管理研究专业技术职称人员占11.9%。结论 9所附属医院管理人员的学历层次、卫生管理专业人数高于其他地区，但是医院人力资源配置仍不均衡、“双肩挑”现象依然存在。     

我国城乡地区卫生人力资源分布的公平性分析

目的:了解我国卫生人力资源的配置现状及其变化趋势,尤其是卫生人力资源在城乡地区的分布状况,评价我国城乡卫生人力资源配置的公平性。方法:对2004-2011年的相关数据进行统计描述,用基尼系数测量卫生资源配置的公平程度及其变化。结果:农村地区卫生人力资源在数量上仍然处于极大的劣势,卫生人力构成以中专为主,中专及以下学历人员占大多数,人员素质相对城市有较大差距,提供卫生服务的能力相对薄弱。我国2004年到2011年我国卫生人力资源量逐年增加,各项指标较2004年的增幅都达到了10%以上,每千人口卫生技术人员数稳步上升,但是城镇和乡村上升速度相差巨大。卫生人力资源基尼系数按地理分布在0.13~0.25之间,连续5年一直上升。结论:我国卫生人力资源配置总体上均衡,但是公平性在下降,医师的公平性优于护士,城乡差距较大,应该重点加强农村经济发展,改善医疗卫生条件,建立健全农村卫生人才队伍培养机制。     

黑龙江省三级甲等医院EICU人力资源配置状况调查

目的 了解黑龙江省急诊重症监护病房(Emergency Intensive Care Unit, EICU)的人力资源配置状况,分析存在的问题及解决办法,为EICU的建设发展提供数据支持和参考。方法 通过问卷调查与实地观察相结合的方式,对2010—2015年黑龙江省内设置有EICU病房的三级甲等医院进行调查,内容包括EICU设置情况、床位数、医务人员数量及构成情况等。结果 整理调查所得数据发现,医护人员增长的速度无法满足床位逐年上升的需求,护士队伍呈现年轻化,中级及以上职称的医生所占比例逐年递减,医护人员工作经验相对缺乏。结论 黑龙江省三级甲等医院设置的EICU病房在近几年内取得了一定的发展,但在人力资源配置方面仍存医护人员配置不足、职称学历梯队欠合理等问题,亟需进一步优化配置,以满足EICU不断发展需要。     

西部地区卫生工作者激励机制满意度研究

通过对中国西部较贫困4个省、自治区的卫生人力资源情况进行调查,了解中国西部欠发达地区卫生工作者对激励机制的满意度水平,探索影响满意度的因素,并提出建议。结果为卫生工作人员总体满意度均分为3.04分,其中,满意度最低的是工作回报方面,均分为2.22分,低于3分;满意度最高的是工作关系方面,均分为3.62分,高于3分。卫生工作人员学历和职称都与满意度相关,副高职称和硕士学历的满意度最低。     

湖北省医院信息化人力资源现状及对策分析

目的 了解湖北省医院信息化人力资源现状,为湖北省医院信息化人力资源规划提出合理化建议和意见。方法 由湖北省卫生统一组织,通过卫生厅电子政务平台统一发放问卷对湖北省二级及以上医院信息化建设情况进行调查。结果 在调查的288家医院中信息化工作人员占医院实际工作人员总数的0.74%,有78.20%的医院信息化工作人员数量在1～5人之间,94.10%的医院信息化建设由院长或副院长进行管理。结论 湖北省卫生信息化人力资源匮乏,信息化人员职称、学历较低,信息化人才建设迫在眉睫。     

卫生行政机构应急队伍建设影响因素框架模型构建

?????? 目的 通过框架模型的构建系统梳理、整合,明晰影响并制约黑龙江省卫生行政机构应急队伍建设的核心能力与关键要素。 方法 随机整群抽样,采用现场问卷调查和深入访谈相结合的方法。结果 应急管理专职人员比例较少且兼职人员数量不足、应急专职机构设置欠佳、应急专项经费投入不足和应急队伍各项管理技术能力薄弱等是卫生行政机构应急队伍建设的重要制约因素。结论 基于卫生应急队伍建设影响因素的框架模型构建与分析,黑龙江省卫生行政机构应急队伍迫切需要从应急管理基础维、保障维和技术维着手,有针对性地加强应急能力建设。     

卫生行政机构应急管理能力水平及技术需求分析

?????? 目的 通过调查卫生行政机构主要的10项应急管理职责工作的开展现状及相应技术需求的程度，为进一步提高卫生行政机构应急管理能力提供参考。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法对黑龙江省10个地级市及其县、区共76家卫生行政机构中的254名卫生应急工作人员进行问卷调查。结果 （1）风险评估、应急演练与培训、物资储备、危机沟通的指导需求程度较高，物资储备、风险评估、危机沟通和事后评估工作的开展效果得分较低；（2）是否有应急工作制度、应急工作负责人数不同的卫生行政机构，应急管理能力水平不同（P<0.05）。结论 为提升卫生行政机构应急管理能力，应进一步加强应急组织建设、完善应急工作制度，对物资储备管理、风险评估、危机沟通、应急演练和培训等工作进行技术指导。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.