不同大豆品种抗旱性综合评价

选用10个不同生态类型的大豆品种,在盆栽和大田条件下进行抗旱性研究.在正常供水与水分胁迫条件下,分别测定并分析了开花结荚期与品种抗旱性有关的多项生理生态指标.把大豆各性状的抗旱系数作为衡量各单项抗旱能力大小的指标,用主成分分析将各单项抗旱系数综合成几个新的、相互独立的综合指标,再利用隶属函数求出综合指标的隶属值,可以较准确地评价各大豆品种（系）的抗旱性.通过该方法评选出两个高抗旱大豆品种晋大74号和晋大53号,评定结果符合生产实际.     

谷子孕穗期抗旱指标筛选

为研究谷子孕穗期在干旱环境的形态、生理、生化性状变化趋势,筛选谷子孕穗期抗旱性鉴定指标,以20个谷子品种为试验材料,在模拟干旱棚中分析了谷子孕穗期干旱胁迫条件下形态和生理、生化指标的变化。试验表明:单穗重、单穗粒重、株高、穗下茎长、千粒重与抗旱指数的相关性显著,可作为孕穗期抗旱性的形态指标;叶绿素含量、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量和超氧化岐化酶活性(SOD)4个指标与抗旱指数的相关性显著,可作为孕穗期的生理、生化指标。通过主成分分析确立了千粒重、单穗重、叶绿素和SOD等4个指标的相对值为谷子孕穗期抗旱性综合指标,以抗旱指数为因变量,4个综合指数为自变量建立的回归方程对供试品种的抗旱性进行预测具有高的准确性。     

PEG-6000胁迫下裸燕麦萌发期抗旱性鉴定与评价

以17个裸燕麦品种为试材,测定了20%PEG-6000水溶液模拟干旱胁迫下各品种的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数等11个鉴定指标。以鉴定指标的相对值为抗旱性评价指标,在主成分分析的基础上,利用加权隶属函数法对供试裸燕麦品种的抗旱性进行了综合评价,然后对不同鉴定指标在抗旱性评价中的作用进行了比较分析。结果表明:不同裸燕麦品种的抗旱性可由不同鉴定指标来体现;鉴定指标中的种子活力指数(VI)受干旱胁迫的影响最大,并与萌发期抗旱性的关系最为密切,可用于裸燕麦种质萌发期抗旱性的快速或初步鉴定;通过测定发芽率、平均发芽速度、最长初生根长、初生根总长、胚芽鞘长、种子活力指数,可有效预测裸燕麦品种萌发期的抗旱性;通过比较供试品种的抗旱性综合评价值(D值),筛选出N-C33Ⅳ-45-16、grosse和高千四号3个抗旱性较强的裸燕麦品种,可用于抗旱栽培或抗旱育种。     

山西省主推小麦品种芽期及苗期的抗旱性评价

水分对小麦生长发育具有重要的作用。山西省水资源严重匮乏,鉴定山西省主推小麦品种的抗旱性,对于培育优异抗旱品种具有重要意义。本研究以40份山西省各麦区主推小麦品种为试材,分别在芽期和苗期对其进行模拟干旱(20%PEG-6000)处理,分析干旱胁迫对小麦芽期和苗期形态指标的影响,并利用隶属函数和抗旱综合评价值,对参试小麦品种的抗旱性进行评价。结果表明：小麦芽期和苗期的各项指标均不同程度受干旱胁迫的影响,芽期的芽长、根长、芽鲜重、根鲜重和苗期的叶鲜重、根鲜重受干旱胁迫的影响较大;芽期共筛选出抗旱型品种21个(52.5%),其中山农17综合评价值最高,达0.783;苗期共筛选出抗旱型品种5个(12.5%),分别为山农24、晋麦66、长麦6135、晋麦62、长麦3897;芽期和苗期皆为抗旱型的小麦品种是长麦3897;拟合芽期和苗期抗旱性综合评价值之间的关系表明,参试品种2个时期的抗旱性之间无显著相关性。本研究结果可为山西省选取旱地小麦生产用品种以及抗旱性的改良提供参考。     

苜蓿种质资源萌发期抗旱指标筛选及抗旱性综合评价

为筛选苜蓿萌发期抗旱性鉴定指标以及抗旱苜蓿种质材料,为苜蓿抗旱新品种选育提供理论和基础材料。以59份抗旱性不同的国内外苜蓿种质为材料,设置加蒸馏水和加-0.6 Mpa PEG-6000水溶液2个处理,研究了与抗旱性相关的根长、芽长、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和根芽比等7个指标的变化,采用相关性分析、隶属函数、综合抗旱系数、灰色关联、逐步回归和聚类分析相结合的方法,对59份苜蓿种质萌发期抗旱性进行综合评价及抗旱指标筛选。结果表明:干旱胁迫对苜蓿萌发期各指标均有显著影响。筛选出萌发期抗旱性较强的苜蓿种质材料有草原3号、赛迪7、WL903,可作为抗旱育种和抗旱机理研究材料。根长、发芽率和活力指数对干旱胁迫的反应较其他指标敏感,可作为苜蓿品种抗旱性鉴定及抗旱品种选育时优先考虑的指标。试验结果也说明采用以抗旱性度量值(D值)为主要参数,以加权抗旱系数(WDC值)作为辅助参数的综合评价方法进行苜蓿抗旱性综合评价、评价指标筛选是合理准确的。     

陆地棉种质资源花铃期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

大田试验设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫处理,于花铃期开始干旱处理,以株高、果枝数等12个农艺性状的平均数为基础,采用综合抗旱系数、模糊隶属函数、主成分分析、关联分析和聚类分析等统计分析方法相结合进行品种抗旱性鉴定和抗旱指标的筛选,为棉花抗旱品种鉴定和棉花生产提供理论依据。12个农艺性状对水分胁迫的敏感程度各异,基于D值、CDC值和WDC值的棉花种质抗旱性分析;通过D值的聚类分析结果,将153份种质资源分为5级,Ⅰ级(强抗旱型)5份、Ⅱ级(抗旱型)35份、Ⅲ级(中抗旱型)56份、Ⅳ级(较敏感型)56份和Ⅴ级(敏感型)1份。供试棉花种质的籽棉产量与D值、CDC值和WDC值均呈极显著正相关。筛选出花铃期抗旱性强的棉花种质有以色列1101,抗旱性弱的品种盐早2号。株高、籽棉产量、单铃重、有效铃数和果枝始节高度可作为棉花种质资源花铃期抗旱性评价的指标。     

不同陆地棉基因型抗旱性评价与抗旱丰产种质筛选

为了鉴定陆地棉的抗旱性与丰产性,在年降雨量不足40 mm的敦煌市,设干旱胁迫和正常灌溉两个处理,通过测定102份棉花品种的15个形态与产量指标,应用相关分析的方法确定抗旱指标,采用直接抗旱鉴定评价法与综合抗旱鉴定法对其进行抗旱性评价,结果显示,棉花抗旱性综合评价应选择年际间变异较小的单铃重、株高、主茎节间长度、果枝数、单株铃数、单株产量和茎干重7个指标,基于这7个单项指标计算的综合抗旱性评价指标之间相关性较高,都能评价棉花品种的抗旱性,抗旱丰产棉花种质的筛选需要综合考虑多种因素的影响,在综合评价品种抗旱性的基础上,结合单株籽棉产量计算的改进抗旱指数和抗旱系数,可筛选出抗旱丰产品种金垦1号和金垦108,不抗旱丰产品种中21371、巴西012、石远321、冀丰1056和新陆早33号,两年鉴定结果一致,品种抗旱丰产性表现稳定,适合西北内陆棉区种植,可作为抗旱鉴定标准品种。     

糜子育成品种成株期抗旱性鉴定与评价

在年降雨量不足40 mm的甘肃省敦煌市,采用大田干旱胁迫法对我国不同地区育成的56份糜子品种成株期抗旱性进行了鉴定。结果表明,成株期干旱胁迫对糜子主茎节数、单株有效穗数、单株草重、主穗长、千粒重、比叶重影响不显著,而对株高、单株穗重、单株粒重、小区产量、旗叶面积、叶面积指数、生育期影响达到了极显著水平,干旱胁迫处理后株高降低了14.08 cm,单株穗重、单株粒重和小区产量分别下降2.65 g、2.19 g和86.18 g,旗叶面积和叶面积指数分别减少9.36 cm2和1.21,生育期延长了11.68 d;以抗旱指数和抗旱性综合评价值D的聚类结果为依据,筛选出成株期1级抗旱品种2份:陇糜2号、陇糜10号;经灰色关联度分析,旗叶面积、千粒重、单株有效穗数、小区产量均与抗旱指数、抗旱性综合评价值D的关联度较大,可作为成株期抗旱评价指标。     

东乡野生稻BILs群体苗期抗旱性综合评价及其遗传分析

本研究选用旱稻、R974//R974/东乡野生稻回交重组自交系及其亲本等66份水稻材料,进行苗期抗旱性鉴定及其综合指标筛选,测定了水分胁迫下最大根长、根基数、茎长、根干重、根鲜重、根系相对含水量、叶片相对含水量、卷叶级别及干旱反复存活率等9个性状。利用主成分分析和逐步回归分析法进行苗期抗旱综合评价,结果表明株系1949最为抗旱;回归分析和相关分析表明最大根长、根数、根鲜重和根系相对含水量对抗旱性影响显著,可作为苗期抗旱性鉴定综合指标。采用综合抗旱D值进行抗旱遗传分析,表明BILs群体的苗期抗旱性表现2对独立主基因+多基因控制。结果可知,东乡野生稻可作为水稻抗旱遗传改良的宝贵资源。     

薏苡种质资源萌发期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

干旱是影响薏苡生产的主要因素之一,鉴定薏苡种质资源的抗旱性,筛选抗旱指标,培育抗旱品种,对薏苡产业的发展具有重要意义。本研究首先以抗旱性不同的6份薏苡种质为材料,通过调查5个不同浓度的PEG-6000水溶液模拟干旱胁迫下的发芽率,确定了薏苡萌发期模拟干旱胁迫的最适PEG-6000水溶液渗透势为-0.1 MPa。然后以-0.1 MPa的PEG-6000水溶液模拟干旱胁迫,探讨50份薏苡种质发芽势、发芽率、萌发指数、芽长、芽粗、芽鲜重、芽干重、根长、根粗、根鲜重和根干重的变化,利用综合评价法对50份薏苡种质进行萌发期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选。结果表明,干旱胁迫对薏苡萌发期各指标均有极显著影响。筛选出萌发期抗旱性强的薏苡种质分别为yy18-1、yy14-3和yy13-1,可为薏苡抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。芽长、芽干重、根长、根鲜重和根干重可作为薏苡种质资源萌发期简单、直观的抗旱性评价指标。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).