雪貂脂肪间充质干细胞的分离、分化与鉴定

目的分离、多向诱导分化并进行鉴定雪貂脂肪间充质干细胞。方法无菌采取雪貂腹部皮下脂肪,机械剪碎为0.5 mm~2,采用含0.075%的胶原酶I消化,应用高糖-DMEM培养基(添加4 ng/mLβ-FGF)培养,观察细胞形态特征,流式细胞术分析细胞表面抗原标志的表达,并检测其体外成脂、成骨、成软骨分化能力,还进一步尝试了诱导神经分化。结果运用组织块贴壁法可以从新鲜脂肪组织中分离到贴壁生长的类似成纤维细胞样细胞,流式分析结果显示高表达CD29(53.1%),CD90(99.6%),CD105(93.7%),低表达CD11b(36.3%),CD45(28.3%)。这些细胞在体外经诱导可以分化成为脂肪、骨、软骨和神经元。结论从雪貂脂肪组织中可以分离得到脂肪间充质干细胞,这些细胞具有多向分化能力。     

人脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定简

目的：建立并优化人脐带间充质干细胞分离纯化方法,并对其表面标志与多向分化潜能进行鉴定。方法：收集健康足月产胎儿脐带组织,采用组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,流式细胞仪对其表面标志进行检测,通过向成骨成脂分化对其多向分化潜能进行鉴定,RT-PCR对其干细胞特性基因Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin进行检测。结果：采用组织块贴壁法可在2周左右获得大量间充质干细胞,培养的细胞经流式细胞仪检测,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106,低表达CD34、CD45;经成骨成脂诱导2周后可分化为成骨细胞和成脂细胞,RT-PCR检测发现原代细胞表达Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin基因。结论：人脐带间充质干细胞可在体外扩增培养,具有多向分化潜能,可作为组织工程种子细胞来源。     

人脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的:建立并优化人脐带间充质干细胞分离纯化方法,并对其表面标志与多向分化潜能进行鉴定。方法:收集健康足月产胎儿脐带组织,采用组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,流式细胞仪对其表面标志进行检测,通过向成骨成脂分化对其多向分化潜能进行鉴定,RT-PCR对其干细胞特性基因Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin进行检测。结果:采用组织块贴壁法可在2周左右获得大量间充质干细胞,培养的细胞经流式细胞仪检测,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106,低表达CD34、CD45;经成骨成脂诱导2周后可分化为成骨细胞和成脂细胞,RT-PCR检测发现原代细胞表达Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin基因。结论:人脐带间充质干细胞可在体外扩增培养,具有多向分化潜能,可作为组织工程种子细胞来源。     

牛脂肪间充质干细胞的分离、培养与鉴定

为了给组织工程提供种子细胞,对牛间充质干细胞(Adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)进行体外分离培养。首先应用胶原酶消化法分离牛ADSCs,进行体外培养、连续传代,并观察细胞的形态变化,通过细胞计数绘制生长曲线,细胞压片进行染色体分析,采用细胞免疫荧光化学方法检测细胞表面标记,利用成骨分化和成脂分化检测其分化能力。结果显示牛ADSCs体外培养时细胞形态呈成纤维细胞样,增殖稳定;Vimentin、CD49d、CD13表达呈阳性,CD34表达呈阴性;成骨诱导条件下的细胞碱性磷酸酶活性高,茜素红染色呈阳性;成脂诱导条件下细胞周围脂滴明显,油红-O染色呈阳性。结果证明牛ADSCs体外生长稳定、增殖速度快、定向分化能力强,简易的体外分离培养及诱导方法为其在组织工程中的应用奠定了基础。     

TM4SF1在成纤维细胞与脐带间充质干细胞表达差异的研究

目的寻找成纤维细胞与脐带间充质干细胞（UCMSC）在细胞表面蛋白与分化能力方面的差异。 方法流式细胞术分析细胞表达CD105、CD90、CD73、CD44、CD14、CD34、CD45、CD79a、HLA-DR、FSP-1及TM4SF1的表达情况;细胞分化实验：观察成纤维细胞与UCMSC的成脂、成软骨及成骨能力;RT-PCR检测二者FSP-1、TM4SF1表达情况。两种细胞表型比较采用独立样本t检验。 结果成纤维细胞与UCMSC的表面分子CD105、CD90、CD73、CD44、CD14、CD34、CD45、CD79a、HLA-DR表达相似（P均> 0.05）,都具有成脂、成软骨、成骨的分化能力;成纤维细胞与UCMSC FSP-1阳性细胞比例分别为（98.6±0.3323）﹪及（98.90±0.2665）﹪（t = 0.4677,P = 0.5294）;UCMSC TM4SF1阳性细胞比例为（97.23±0.2250）﹪,成纤维细胞TM4SF1阳性细胞比例为（0.0082±0.0018）﹪（t = 346.9,P < 0.01）。 结论TM4SF1在成纤维细胞与UCMSC上的表达量存在差异。     

脂肪来源干细胞体外成骨和成脂及成神经的诱导分化研究

目的:探讨脂肪来源干细胞体外成骨和成脂及成神经的诱导分化情况。方法:选取10只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,将其不同部位的脂肪组织取出,分别采用不同方法对其向成骨、成脂及成神经等方向进行诱导分化并对其结果进行鉴定。结果:ADSC表达中,CD29占(99.11±0.13)%,CD44占(95.94±0.71)%,CD45占(0.12±0.09)%。经4周的成骨诱导后,茜素红S染色在细胞团中央发现红色钙化结节存在,碱性磷酸酶染色在细胞的胞质内观察到紫红色颗粒,经7d成脂诱导后,油红"O"染色在细胞质内观察到橙红色脂滴;经过6d的神经干培养基诱导后,通过免疫荧光染色证明诱导的Nestin细胞、神经丝蛋白-200以及GFAP等均出现阳性表达。结论:ADSC具备向脂肪、成骨及神经元等细胞进行多向分化的潜能,具有来源广、易于操作、体外增殖快速等优越性,并且不存在免疫排斥及医学伦理学问题,发展前景广阔。     

多能成体祖细胞培养条件促进人脂肪干细胞的视网膜神经保护功能

目的：检测多能成体祖细胞（MAPC）的培养条件对猴骨髓间充质细胞（BMMSCs）和人脂肪干细胞（hADSCs）生长的影响,旨在获得更适合治疗视网膜变性疾病的供体细胞。方法通过细胞形态观察、MTT实验、克隆形成率、PCR检测、以及成脂、成骨、成软骨分化潜能检测等,研究MAPC培养条件下猴BMMSCs和hADSCs的特征,并用DMEM/LG和MAPC培养条件培养的hADSCs进行RCS大鼠视网膜下腔移植,通过视网膜电图（ERG）和TUNEL检测,判断细胞移植治疗对视功能及视网膜细胞凋亡的影响。结果与常规培养基相比,MAPC培养条件能促进猴BMMSCs增殖,细胞变小,但传2代后,细胞变得宽大扁平,出现衰老征象;然而,MAPC培养条件下的hADSCs细胞增殖能力及克隆形成率均增强,形成的克隆较大可稳定传10代以上,且具有成脂、成骨、成软骨的多向分化潜能,细胞表面标记物及细胞因子出现差异表达：CD140b、CD90、CD47、HGF和PEDF显著上调,CD73、CD105和IL-6显著下调。与对照组相比,移植DMEM/LG和MAPC培养条件培养的hADSCs（P4）3周后,RCS大鼠的B波波幅明显升高,外核层细胞凋亡明显减少。结论 MAPC培养条件培养的hADSCs显示出更好的视网膜神经保护作用,适合用于治疗视网膜退行性疾病。     

比较两种不同来源间充质干细胞的生物学特性及多向分化潜能

该文旨在比较人脂肪间充质干细胞(hADSCs)和脐带间充质干细胞(hUMSCs)的生物学特性,并鉴定其多向分化潜能。体外扩增培养hADSCs和hUMSCs,绘制细胞生长曲线并计算群体倍增时间,通过细胞集落实验比较两种细胞的增殖能力,流式细胞仪和RT-PCR方法分别检测细胞表面抗原和多能性相关基因的表达,采用成脂、成骨诱导分化试剂盒比较两种细胞的分化潜能。hADSCs和hUMSCs表达CD34、CD44、CD45、CD105的比例分别为2.7% vs 6.2%、92.3% vs 93.4%、1.3% vs 3.1%、99.4% vs 98.0%,均表达Oct4和Nanog基因;生长曲线均呈"S"型,两种细胞的群体倍增时间差异不显著(P0.05);随着代数的增加,两种细胞的增殖能力均变弱,但P7的hADSCs的增殖能力要显著优于hUMSCs(P0.05);经油红O、茜素红染色及RT-PCR和细胞免疫荧光方法检测特异基因的表达,表明两种细胞均具备成脂、成骨分化的能力,hADSCs的成脂能力优于hUMSCs,但两种间充质干细胞的成骨分化能力没有显著性差异。hADSCs和hUMSCs具有相似的生物学特性,但hADSCs可能具备更强的增殖能力和成脂分化潜能。     

不饱和脂肪酸对人脂肪间充质干细胞生物学特性的影响

探讨不饱和脂肪酸对人脂肪间充质干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs)的形态、增殖、免疫表型及分化潜能的影响。采用0.15%Ⅷ型胶原酶消化法从皮下脂肪组织中分离获得ADSCs,使用添加了油酸或亚麻酸的培养基对ADSCs进行传代培养,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,计数法绘制细胞生长曲线,流式细胞术检测细胞表面抗原,同时使用特定的诱导培养基对细胞进行成脂、成骨、成软骨诱导培养和染色鉴定,并采用实时定量PCR检测三系分化诱导培养9 d后成脂、成骨及成软骨相关标志基因m RNA的表达水平。结果显示,0.15%Ⅷ型胶原酶消化法能获得形态均一的ADSCs;培养相同的时间后,与未添加脂肪酸的空白对照组相比,含有20μmol/L油酸或亚麻酸的培养体系所收获ADSCs的细胞数量增加了20%左右;各组细胞CD13、CD29、CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105呈阳性表达, CD31、CD45呈阴性表达;使用20μmol/L油酸或亚麻酸进行传代培养的细胞经成脂、成骨、成软骨诱导后,油红O、茜素红、阿利新蓝染色呈阳性反应,同时细胞中的成脂标志基因PPAR-γ、成软骨标志基因SOX9和COL2A1及成骨标志基因ALP、OCN、RUNX2的m RNA表达水平较对照组显著增加。实验结果表明,油酸及亚麻酸能够促进ADSCs增殖,维持细胞的免疫表型,并且提高细胞的三系分化潜能。     

经血源子宫内膜干细胞培养、鉴定及体外分化潜能的研究

现阶段干细胞的来源常具有侵入性,该文旨在研究新来源于经血的经血源子宫内膜干细胞（menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells,MenSCs）的基本生物学特性及分化潜能。采用密度梯度法从女性经血中分离MenSCs,测定MenSCs群体倍增时间,流式细胞仪鉴定细胞表面抗原,免疫荧光法检测MenSCs nestin阳性表达情况,体外验证其成骨成脂分化潜能。结果表明,MenSCs具有典型的梭状结构,细胞倍增时间为32.2 h,均一地高表达CD29、CD90及CD105,不表达CD14、CD45、HLA-DR。免疫荧光表明,MenSCs为nestin阳性。MenSCs成脂诱导后,油红O染色为阳性。成骨诱导前期诱导组细胞胶原表达量升高,诱导两周后MenSCs形成钙结节,诱导组细胞ALP（alkaline phosphatase）活性连续3周呈上升趋势。以上证明,MenSCs具有来源广泛的优势,具有较高的增殖能力、较低免疫原性、nestin阳性及多向分化潜能等特性,可成为干细胞治疗的理想种子细胞。     

脂肪来源细胞体外增殖规律及定向诱导分化研究

脂肪组织由整形外科吸脂术获得(19例,31．5±5．8岁)。酶消化法分离抽吸物中细胞,体外扩增至第10代．测定细胞生长曲线、累计倍增数目,明确其体外生长规律和增殖能力;通过对表面抗原CD29、CD105、CD106、CD166、CD49d、CD34、CD31、3G5等的检测分析脂肪来源细胞的群体组成：分别向软骨、骨、脂肪定向诱导,进一步明确该细胞群体定向分化能力。实验表明,每300ml脂肪抽吸物平均可获得5×10~7个有核细胞,体外扩增10代,平均每代倍增数目为1．59±0．224．累计倍增数目为15．53。流式细胞学及免疫细胞化学检测显示,干细胞相关抗原CD29、CD105、CD106、CD166等表达率均＞60%,但与造血系相关的CD34、CD31表达率也分别达到7．3%、29．2%。ADC向软骨诱导可检测到Ⅱ型胶原表达;向成骨诱导可见矿化结节形成,并可检测到AKP、Osteonectin基因表达;向脂肪诱导可检测到PPARr2、GLU-4、Leptin基因表达,细胞内有脂滴形成。脂肪来源的细胞获得量大,体外增殖能力强,并含有具有多向分化潜能细胞,有可能作为组织构建的种子细胞。     

Isolation, characterization, and mesodermic differentiation of stem cells from adipose tissue of camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Adipose-derived stem cells are an attractive alternative as a source of stem cells that can easily be extracted from adipose tissue. Isolation, characterization, and multi-lineage differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells have been described for human and a number of other species. Here we aimed to isolate and characterize camel adipose-derived stromal cell frequency and growth characteristics and assess their adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Samples were obtained from five adult dromedary camels. Fat from abdominal deposits were obtained from each camel and adipose-derived stem cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion as previously reported elsewhere for adipose tissue. Cultures were kept until confluency and subsequently were subjected to differentiation protocols to evaluate adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic potential. The morphology of resultant camel adipose-derived stem cells appeared to be spindle-shaped fibroblastic morphology, and these cells retained their biological properties during in vitro expansion with no sign of abnormality in karyotype. Under inductive conditions, primary adipose-derived stem cells maintained their lineage differentiation potential into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages during subsequent passages. Our observation showed that like human lipoaspirate, camel adipose tissue also contain multi-potent cells and may represent an important stem cell source both for veterinary cell therapy and preclinical studies as well.     

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human placenta suppress allogeneic umbilical cord blood lymphocyte proliferation

Human placenta-derived mononuclear cells （MNC） were isolated by a Percoll density gradient and cultured in mesenchymal stem cell （MSC） maintenance medium. The homogenous layer of adherent cells exhibited a typical fibroblastlike morphology, a large expansive potential, and cell cycle characteristics including a subset of quiescent cells. In vitro differentiation assays showed the tripotential differentiation capacity of these cells toward adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Flow cytometry analyses and immunocytochemistry stain showed that placental MSC was a homogeneous cell population devoid of hematopoietic cells, which uniformly expressed CD29, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD166, laminin, fibronectin and vimentin while being negative for expression of CD31, CD34, CD45 and m-smooth muscle actin. Most importantly, immuno-phenotypic analyses demonstrated that these cells expressed class Ⅰ major histocompatibility complex （MHC-I）, but they did not express MHC-Ⅱ molecules. Additionally these cells could suppress umbilical cord blood （UCB） lymphocytes proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli. This strongly implies that they may have potential application in allograft transplantation. Since placenta and UCB are homogeneous, the MSC derived from human placenta can be transplanted combined with hematopoietic stem cells （HSC） from UCB to reduce the potential graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） in recipients.     

A new technique to expand human mesenchymal stem cells using basement membrane extracellular matrix

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) show a very short proliferative life span and readily lose the differentiation potential in culture. However, the growth rate and the proliferative life span of the stem cells markedly increased using tissue culture dishes coated with a basement membrane-like extracellular matrix, which was produced by PYS-2 cells or primary endothelial cells. Furthermore, the stem cells expanded on the extracellular matrix, but not those on plastic tissue culture dishes, retained the osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic potential throughout many mitotic divisions. The extracellular matrix had greater effects on the proliferation of MSC and the maintenance of the multi-lineage differentiation potential than basic fibroblast growth factor. Mesenchymal stem cells expanded on the extracellular matrix should be useful for regeneration of large tissue defects and repeated cell therapies, which require a large number of stem or progenitor cells.     

Identification of subpopulations with characteristics of mesenchymal progenitor cells from human osteoarthritic cartilage using triple staining for cell surface markers

We first identified and isolated cellular subpopulations with characteristics of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in osteoarthritic cartilage using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Cells from osteoarthritic cartilage were enzymatically isolated and analyzed directly or after culture expansion over several passages by FACS using various combinations of surface markers that have been identified on human MPCs (CD9, CD44, CD54, CD90, CD166). Culture expanded cells combined and the subpopulation derived from initially sorted CD9+, CD90+, CD166+ cells were tested for their osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic potential using established differentiation protocols. The differentiation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and by RT-PCR for the expression of lineage related marker genes. Using FACS analysis we found that various triple combinations of CD9, CD44, CD54, CD90 and CD166 positive cells within osteoarthritic cartilage account for 2-12% of the total population. After adhesion and cultivation their relative amount was markedly higher, with levels between 24% and 48%. Culture expanded cells combined and the initially sorted CD9/CD90/CD166 triple positive subpopulation had multipotency for chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In conclusion, human osteoarthritic cartilage contains cells with characteristics of MPCs. Their relative enrichment during in vitro cultivation and the ability of cell sorting to obtain more homogeneous populations offer interesting perspectives for future studies on the activation of regenerative processes within osteoarthritic joints.     

Impaired differentiation potential of human trabecular bone mesenchymal stromal cells from elderly patients

Background aimsAdvances in bone tissue engineering with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as an alternative to conventional orthopedic procedures has opened new horizons for the treatment of large bone defects. Bone marrow (BM) and trabecular bone are both sources of MSC. Regarding clinical use, we tested the potency of MSC from different sources.MethodsWe obtained MSC from 17 donors (mean age 64.6 years) by extensive washing of trabecular bone from the femoral head and trochanter, as well as BM aspirates of the iliac crest and trochanter. The starting material was evaluated by histologic analysis and assessment of colony-forming unit–fibroblasts (CFU-F). The MSC populations were compared for proliferation and differentiation potential, at RNA and morphologic levels.ResultsMSC proliferation potential and immunophenotype (expression of CD49a, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146 and Stro-1) were similar whatever the starting material. However, the differentiation potential of MSC obtained by bone washing was impaired compared with aspiration; culture-amplified cells showed few Oil Red O-positive adipocytes and few mineralized areas and formed inconsistent Alcian blue-positive high-density micropellets after growth under adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic conditions, respectively. MSC cultured with 1 ng/mL fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) showed better differentiation potential.ConclusionsTrabecular bone MSC from elderly patients is not good starting material for use in cell therapy for bone repair and regeneration, unless cultured in the presence of FGF-2.     

Characterization of two populations of mesenchymal progenitor cells in umbilical cord blood

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable source for hematopoietic progenitor cell therapy. Moreover, it contains another subset of non-hematopoietic population referred to as mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), which can be ex vivo expanded and differentiated into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. In this study, we successfully isolated the clonogenic MPCs from UCB by limiting dilution method. These cells exhibited two different morphologic phenotypes, including flattened fibroblasts (majority) and spindle-shaped fibroblasts (minority). Both types of MPCs shared similar cell surface markers except CD90 and had similar osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials. However, the spindle-shaped clones possessed the positive CD90 expression and showed a greater tendency in adipogenesis, while the flattened clones were CD90 negative cells and showed a lower tendency in adipogenesis. The high number of flattened MPCs might be linked to the less sensitivity of UCB-derived MPCs in adipogenic differentiation.