九种药用植物花黄酮类物质提取及对羟自由基清除能力的研究

微波辅助法提取九种药用植物花中黄酮类化合物,研究其提取物清除羟基自由基(·OH)的能力.九种药用植物花提取物对羟基自由基有不同程度的清除作用,且生态环境对该作用有较大影响,其中旋覆花中总黄酮含量最高,夏至草花总黄酮含量最低;荷兰菊、旋覆花、玫瑰花清除羟基自由基能力较强,清除率在一定浓度范围内与提取物浓度呈正相关.     

八角叶总黄酮的提取及其捕获自由基作用研究

目的:为八角叶资源的合理开发和利用提供科学依据。方法:分别以乙醇、石油醚、水等作提取溶剂,用超声波与非超声波对比提取八角叶总黄酮,考察在不同温度、溶剂浓度、超声波功率、提取时间等不同条件下用超声波/乙醇浸提法提取八角叶总黄酮,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用分光光度法测定含量,用八角叶总黄酮对羟自由基清除作用进行试验。结果:超声波乙醇浸提法提取八角叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂90%乙醇,温度80℃,超声波功率60 W,提取时间3.0 h。百色、南宁、贺州、河池、钦州所产八角叶总黄酮的含量分别为0.1649mg/mL、0.1022 mg/mL、0.1122 mg/mL、0.1850 mg/mL、0.1693 mg/mL,八角叶总黄酮提取液对Fenton体系产生的.OH自由基有很好的清除作用。结论:超声波乙醇浸提法提取八角叶总黄酮的效果最佳,产总黄酮含量最高,提示八角叶具有较高的开发利用价值。     

菹草提取物总黄酮、总酚酸和抗氧化活性含量研究

研究菹草提取物的有效成分,测定其总黄酮含量及总酚酸含量,并确定它的乙酸乙酯和石油醚部位的抗氧化活性成分。采用紫外可见分光光度法,以芦丁和没食子酸作为控制材料,测定菹草的石油醚部位及乙酸乙酯部位中总黄酮和总酚酸含量;采用清除DPPH自由基能力测定法、测定总还原能力铁氰化钾法和水杨酸捕捉羟基自由基法来对菹草各组分提取物的抗氧化能力进行研究。菹草中有一定量的黄酮类化合物和酚酸类化合物存在,不同溶剂提取的部位所含有的总黄酮和总酚酸含量是有差异的,石油醚部位的总黄酮含量要高于乙酸乙酯部位的总黄酮含量,并且总酚酸的含量亦是如此;石油醚部位和乙酸乙酯部位的提取物具有清除DPPH、羟基自由基和还原Fe^3+的能力,各部位清除DPPH、羟基自由基的能力和还原Fe^3+的能力随着样品浓度的增大而增大,且乙酸乙酯部位的测定结果均低于石油醚部位。     

药用植物密蒙花总黄酮提取及抗氧化性研究

目的:研究药用植物密蒙花总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化性能.方法:在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验设计对总黄酮提取工艺进行优化,并研究密蒙花黄酮类化合物对羟自由基的清除作用和对羟自由基诱发卵磷脂脂质过氧化的抑制作用.结果:最佳提取工艺即以60%乙醇为提取剂、提取物料比为1∶30、提取温度为70℃、提取时间为3h,总黄酮的提取率为16.72%.结论:试验结果表明提取工艺合理,总黄酮提取率高,密蒙花总黄酮提取液具有很好抗氧化性能.     

三种松针活性成分含量及清除自由基能力的比较

选择黑龙江省鹤北林业局区域内常见的松针品种为研究对象,利用不同的溶剂萃取其中的黄酮类和多酚类化合物,并测定了其对DPPH自由基的清除效果。结果显示,醇提法获得的松针样品中总黄酮含量、总多酚含量和对DPPH自由基的清除效果明显优于水提法,测定不同品种间活性物质含量和DPPH自由基清除能力的结果显示如下的顺序:红松落叶松樟子松。     

迎春花植物茎叶中黄酮类物质初步研究

采用硝酸铝——亚硝酸钠比色法对迎春花茎叶内的黄酮类物质含量进行了初步测定,确定了总黄酮含量提取的适宜溶剂浓度和提取的适宜时间。结果表明,用60％甲醇溶剂提取5h总黄酮含量最高,茎杆中的含量为10．42mg/g DW,叶片中的含量为18．31mg／g DW。此外,还对迎春花叶提取液进行了各种黄酮定性颜色反应,初步确定其中的黄酮类物质主要为双氢黄酮类及查尔酮类。     

四种药用植物花总黄酮类物质提取及抗氧化性研究

目的:采用微波辅助法提取4种药用植物花中总黄酮类化合物,并研究其抗氧化性。方法:利用邻二氮菲-Fe2+-H2O2体系,研究其提取物清除羟基自由基(.OH)的能力,用普鲁士蓝法对其还原能力进行研究。结果:大蓟刺儿菜花总黄酮含量最高,夏至草花总黄酮含量最低,4种药用植物花提取物均有不同抗氧化能力。结论:药用植物花抗氧化能力与黄酮含量、结构有关。     

响铃草总黄酮清除自由基及抑制亚硝化作用的研究

优选响铃草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,并考察其清除自由基及对亚硝化反应的抑制能力。通过正交试验设计对乙醇提取响铃草总黄酮的工艺进行优化;采用紫外分光光度法测定响铃草总黄酮对自由基的清除作用和对亚硝酸钠的清除率以及对亚硝胺合成的阻断率。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度65%,料液比1∶30,提取温度75℃,提取时间3 h,在此最佳工艺条件下,黄酮得率为1.72%;响铃草总黄酮对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基有一定的清除作用;并且能够有效的清除亚硝酸钠和阻断亚硝胺的合成。     

千层塔植物茎叶中黄酮类物质的研究

本实验利用分光光度法对千层塔植物茎叶内的黄酮类物质进行了初步测定 ,确定了总黄酮含量提取的适宜溶剂浓度和提取的适宜时间。结果表明 ,用 6 0 %的甲醇溶剂提取 6h总黄酮含量最高。此外 ,本试验还对千层塔黄酮提取液进行了各种定性颜色反应 ,初步确定其中的黄酮类物质主要为黄酮类和黄酮醇类。     

荸荠皮提取物对DPPH自由基清除活性

采用70%丙酮溶液对荸荠皮中抗氧化物质进行提取,得到红棕色浸膏。通过定性及定量方法分析了荸荠皮提取物中可能存在的具有抗氧化活性的物质;采用DPPH自由基法测定了荸荠皮提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力。结果显示,荸荠皮提取物中含有多酚类和黄酮类等化合物,其多酚含量为3.31%(w/w,以干物质计)。DPPH自由基法显示,荸荠皮提取物具有一定的清除DPPH自由基能力,其清除能力与提取物浓度之间显示出良好的剂量-效应关系。该提取物(IC50值为130.37 ppm)对DPPH自由基清除能力略低于BHT(IC50值为94.16 ppm)。     

樟芝发酵液和菌丝体提取物抗氧化性能研究

采用甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇对樟芝发酵液和菌丝体进行提取,对其不同提取物进行还原力,DPPH、羟基自由基、超氧自由基、过氧化氢清除能力,亚铁离子螯合能力等抗氧化能力的测定。比较发酵液提取物和菌丝体提取物的抗氧化效果,比较不同提取剂提取物的抗氧化效果。结果显示:(1)发酵液提取物还原力最高的为异丙醇提取物,亚铁离子螯合能力最强的为乙醇提取物;DPPH清除能力乙醇和异丙醇提取物最高都达到97.88%;羟基自由基清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物,达到84.22%;3种提取物的超氧自由基清除能力都较高,具有最高清除率的异丙醇提取物达到94.89%;过氧化氢清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物的97.53%。(2)菌丝体提取物还原力最高和亚铁离子螯合能力最强的均为乙醇提取物;DPPH清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物的89.95%;3种提取物的羟基自由基清除能力普遍偏低,最高的仅为异丙醇提取物的37.28%;超氧自由基清除能力则普遍较高,最高为甲醇提取物的90.05%;过氧化氢清除能力最高的为乙醇和异丙醇提取物,最高清除率均为95.06%。抗氧化性能的研究比较,为进一步开发利用樟芝提供了依据。     

库克诺你果汁提取物体外清除自由基及抗氧化活性研究

本文对诺你果汁多糖、乙醇溶出物和乙酸乙酯萃取物体外对超氧阴离子(O2·)、羟自由基(·OH)、DPPH和脂质过氧化(LPO)的抑制作用进行了研究。超氧阴离子(O2·)由邻苯三酚自氧化产生;羟自由基(·OH)由Fenton反应产生;利用Fe2 诱发卵黄脂蛋白产生丙二醛(MDA),TBA法测定。所有测定均为分光光度法。结果表明,与已知抗氧化剂L抗坏血酸相比,乙醇溶出物和乙酸乙酯萃取物均有明显的捕捉自由基和抗氧化能力,而多糖捕捉自由基和抗氧化能力很低,且对O2·没有抑制作用,反而会增加其生成速度。     

Antioxidant activity of extract from Polygonum cuspidatum

Numerous diseases are induced by free radicals via lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation and DNA damage. It has been known that a variety of plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. Whether Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zuce has antioxidant activity is unknown. In this study, dried roots of Polygonum cuspidatum were extracted by ethanol and the extract was lyophilized. Free radical scavenging assays, superoxide radical scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation assays and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays were employed to study antioxidant activities. The results indicate that the IC50 value oí Polygonum cuspidatum extract is 110 microg/ml in free radical scavenging assays, 3.2 microg/ml in superoxide radical scavenging assays, and 8 microg/ml in lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. Furthermore, Polygonum cuspidatum extract has DNA protective effect in hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid content of extract is 641.1 +/- 42.6 mg/g and 62.3 +/- 6.0 mg/g. The results indicate that Polygonum cuspidatum extract clearly has antioxidant effects.     

半枝莲黄酮的超声提取及其抗氧化活性

通过单因素和正交试验获得超声波辅助乙醇提取半枝莲黄酮的最佳工艺条件,考察了黄酮提取物对油脂的抗氧化活性及对羟基自由基的清除效果,并与常用的抗氧化剂作比较。结果表明,当乙醇体积分数为50%、料液比1∶30（g/mL）、超声提取时间25 min、浸泡温度65℃时为最佳条件,此时黄酮的得率为3.0%,且该提取物对羟基自由基清除效果随浓度的增大而升高,对油脂氧化有较强的抑制作用。     

Ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of total flavonoids and hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves optimized by response surface methodology

Abstract

Olive leaves were often extracted with methanol or ethanol at different proportions. In this study, ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction was adopted for olive leaf extraction. The yields of total flavonoids (TF) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) were optimized by central composite experimental design. Two second-order polynomial equations were established to quantify the relationship between the responses and the processing parameters. Under the optimal condition of extracting at 60?°C for 60?min with the solvent-to-material ratio of 40, TF and HT amounted to 57.31?±?0.35 and 1.80?±?0.02?mg/g dry leaves (DL), respectively. The scavenging rate of all extracts against α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl free radicals was screened. The integrated scores, representing both active ingredients and antioxidant capacity of the extracts, were calculated by principle component analysis (PCA). The optimal extract gained the highest score in PCA. In addition, compared to the extracts from 80% methanol to 44% ethanol, the ultrasound-assisted aqueous extract was richer in TF, HT, and polyphenols, while it also presented stronger ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), but poorer strength to quench hydroxyl radicals. The study indicated that the aqueous extract of olive leaves may present broad potential opportunities in health-care sector.     

Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from red tide plankton cultures

The antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from the dinophycean flagellates Gymnodinium impudicum and Alexandrium affine and the raphidophycean flagellate Chattonella ovata were examined. An electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method coupled with steady state kinetic analysis showed that all of the extracts directly scavenge superoxide, and that the superoxide scavenging potential of any of the extracts was comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid. As for hydroxyl radical scavenging, the Fenton reaction and the method of ultraviolet radiation to hydrogen peroxide were used as hydroxyl radical generation systems. All of extracts reduced the level of hydroxyl radicals in both of the systems, indicating that the extracts also directly scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Since the levels of phenolic compounds did not correlate with the antioxidant activities of the extracts, substances other than phenolic compounds also appeared to be attributable to the activities. It is of our interest that the scavenging activities of extract from G. impudicum against superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were increased by heat exposure at 100 degrees C and 200 degrees C respectively. Although the reason for the increased activities of the aqueous extract from G. impudicum is not clear, the heat-resistance of the extract from G. impudicum might make it a desirable antioxidant.     

Antioxidant activity of extract from Polygonum aviculare L

Free radicals induce numerous diseases by lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation, and DNA damage. It has been reported that numerous plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. Whether Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae) has antioxidant activity is unknown. In this study, dried Polygonum aviculare L. was extracted by ethanol, and the extract was lyophilized. The antioxidant activities of extract powder were examined by free radical scavenging assays, superoxide radical scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation assays and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The results show that the IC50 value of Polygonum aviculare L. extract is 50 microg/ml in free radical scavenging assays, 0.8 microg/ml in superoxide radical scavenging assays, and 15 microg/ml in lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. Furthermore, Polygonum aviculare L. extract has DNA protective effect in hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid content of extract is 677.4 +/- 62.7 microg/g and 112.7 +/- 13 microg/g. The results indicate that Polygonum aviculare L. extract clearly has antioxidant effects.     

Analysis of antioxidant metabolites by solvent extraction from sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga)

Introduction – The sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) are effective therapeutic agents to treat several human malignant tumours and other diseases without unacceptable toxic side‐effects. Objective – To investigate solvent effects on metabolic profiles and antioxidant activities of extracts of Chaga. Methodology – Chaga was extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and water. Solvent effects on metabolites in the extracts were assayed by NMR‐based metabolomic analysis. Antioxidant activities were indicated as capacities for scavenging superoxide anion, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. Results – Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts contained primarily lanostane‐type triterpenoids (LT), whereas the extracts of ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol were characterised by the predominant presence of hispidin analogues and LT, and water extracts by polysaccharides and phenolic compounds. The ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and water extracts revealed remarkable potential for scavenging the tested radicals, while those of petroleum ether and chloroform did not. Polyphenols are the major contributors for quenching the tested free radicals, while in LT only compounds 16 , 17 and 22 participated in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Conclusion – Polyphenols in Chaga are the principles for quenching free radicals while polysaccharides and a few LT compounds contribute partially in scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. NMR‐based metabolomic analysis is a useful method by which to correlate ¹H‐NMR spectra of Chaga extracts with their antioxidant activities, and this allows the prediction of potentials for scavenging free radicals by ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沙棘果渣总黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

利用果胶酶协同超声波法,对沙棘果渣有效成分总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性进行了研究。以提取率为指标,通过酶用量、液料比、乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、超声功率等单因素分析,选定酶用量、液料比、超声提取时间3个因素进行响应面试验,确定提取优化工艺条件为:果胶酶用量5.1%,液料比41∶1,超声提取时间81 min,此条件下,沙棘果渣总黄酮提取率达到8.91 mg/g;以BHT为阳性对照,进行了抗氧化活性研究,得出沙棘果渣总黄酮提取液浓度为0.14 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基的清除率达到了94.42%;提取液浓度为1.2 mg/mL时,对羟自由基和超氧阴离子的清除率分别为83.10%和43.41%。整体来看,沙棘果渣总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

罗汉果不同溶剂提取物抗氧化及清除活性氧自由基作用

以水、甲醇、乙醇和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,对罗汉果干果进行提取,分别采用磷钼酸铵体系、邻苯三酚自氧化体系、Fenton反应体系和卵黄脂质过氧化体系测定各种提取物的总抗氧化性能、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基清除性能及其抗脂质过氧化作用。结果表明,四种溶剂提取物均具较强的抗氧化性和活性氧自由基清除性能,其能力的大小顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取物>水提物>甲醇提取物>乙醇提取物。