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几种金花茶花粉的扫描电镜观察 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在扫描电镜下观察了我国广西原产的10种和3变种金花茶的花粉形态。其花粉外壁纹饰可分为三个类型。一、拟网纹饰:东兴金花茶、武鸣金花茶、(坛洛)金花茶、小果金花茶和陇瑞(玫瑰)金花茶。二、穴状纹饰:毛籽金花荼、(防城)金花茶和毛瓣金花茶。三、突起纹饰:小花金花茶、显脉金花茶,大样(?)岗金花茶、平果金花茶和山墟金花茶。在各个种及变种之间,花粉形态也存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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金花茶组(Sect. ChrysanthaChang)植物分布狭窄,大部分野生金花茶资源仅分布于广西壮族自治区防城港市,具有较高的观赏价值、食用价值和药用价值。本研究应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区的18种(包括4变种)金花茶组植物的花粉进行了观察和研究,详细地描述了它们的花粉形态。结果表明,金花茶组植物的花粉平均大小为37.6μm×28.5μm,沟长为32.9μm,极轴/赤道轴(P/E)值为1.35。单粒花粉呈近球形或长球形,具三拟孔沟或三孔沟,内孔横长,外壁具有细微的瘤状、脑纹状或颗粒状纹饰,符合山茶属花粉形态的一般特征。花粉外壁纹饰在各个种间又存在较明显差异,可作为金花茶组植物进一步分类鉴定的依据。最后,结合聚类分析结果及花粉形态的演化规律分析研究了金花茶组植物花粉的演化规律和分类学意义,为探究金花茶组植物的迁移和演化提供重要参考依据。 相似文献
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该研究以山茶属金花茶组的金花茶、凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用技术定性定量分析其花朵中类黄酮成分与含量。结果表明:三种植物中检测到15种类黄酮,其中天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷为金花茶组首次发现;槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山萘酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶中首次发现。儿茶素、表儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山萘酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为三个物种主体成分;天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷为金花茶特有,槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷为崇左金花茶特有;木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷主要存在于金花茶和崇左金花茶;木犀草素主要存在于凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶。类黄酮类型主要为儿茶素类、槲皮素类、木犀草素类和山萘酚类;崇左金花茶中槲皮素类、木犀草素类及类黄酮总量远高于金花茶和凹脉金花茶,凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶儿茶素类高于金花茶,金花茶和崇左金花茶山萘酚类高于凹脉金花茶。 相似文献
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华北地区莴苣属(广义)植物花粉特征的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了华北地区莴苣属(广义)7种植物的花粉形态与微形态特征。结果表明:莴苣属(广义)内这些种具有相同的花粉类型。该属的花粉为球形,3孔沟;极面观为三裂圆形,近六边形;赤道面观为圆形;花粉表面具网状纹饰,同胞15个,网脊上有许多小穴和规则排列的刺。与邻近属形成明显差异,使该属成为一个自然类群。新属毛鳞菊属ChaetoserisShihgen.nov.以其花粉网状纹饰的网脊上具不规则排列的短柱而有别于莴苣属(广义)。花粉的形态特征与微形态特征可为菊科属级水平分类提供重要依据。 相似文献
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中国壳斗科栎亚科花粉形态研究 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
本文应用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜观察了壳斗科所属栎亚科2属26种2变种的花粉形态,并以本科其它属一些代表种作对比,试图从孢粉学方面为栎亚科的系统分类提供依据。 花粉外壁纹饰在扫描电镜下可分三种类型,即水青冈型(含水青冈属),栎型(含栎属和三棱栎属),栗型(含栗属、锥属和柯属),花粉的类型与植物形态分类的三个亚科一致。 栎亚科的花粉外壁纹饰在扫描电镜下为颗粒聚集成的种种形状。栎属可区分为四种类型,即颗粒状、颗粒——蠕虫状、聚颗粒及芽孢状,其中类型一、二、三为常绿种类,类型四为落叶种类。花粉纹饰在常绿与落叶种类之间有较明显的差异,而青冈亚属和栎亚属之间却没有界线。因此,栎属仍以包含两个亚属为宜。三棱栎属花粉纹饰则介于栎属的类型二与三之间。 相似文献
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为深入研究绣球属植物花粉形态的分类学价值和系统学意义,厘清绣球属与近缘属之间的系统发育关系,该文利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM,scanning electron microscope)对国产绣球属及其近缘属41种绣球花科(Hydrangeaceae)植物的花粉形态以及表面纹饰进行了观察。结果表明:绣球属及其近缘属的花粉为三孔沟;形状多数为长圆体形或近球体形;赤道面观为椭圆形或圆形;极面观多为圆形,少数为三角形或圆三角形。花粉外壁纹饰可分为网状和孔穴状。网眼内的三级纹饰可分为光滑和具颗粒状突起。根据花粉形状和外壁纹饰类型将上述物种划分为4个组,即花粉的形状为长圆体形,表面纹饰为孔穴纹饰;花粉的形状为长圆体形,表面纹饰为网状纹饰;花粉的形状为近球体形,表面纹饰为孔穴纹饰;花粉的形状为近球体形,表面纹饰为网状纹饰。以上可进一步细分为8个类型。上述表明花粉形态证据可为绣球属及其近缘属的属下分类和种间界定提供重要佐证;但结合前人的系统发育重建分析该属植物花粉形态的系统学意义相对有限,如花粉形态证据对于该属及其近缘种属系统发育树上大支的界定难以提供有力的证据。 相似文献
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Eighty-four pollen samples were obtained for 80 taxa, of which, 13 species and one variety are from sect. Brachycalyx Sweet, 58 species and two varieties from sect. Tsutsusi Sweet, and six species from subgen. Pentanthera (G. Don) Pojarkova, respectively. Pollen morphology of all samples was observed using LM and SEM. Pollen grains are revealed to be spheroidal and tetrahedral with tricolporate apertures. Pollen sizes of sub-gen. Tsutsusi (Sweet) Pojarkova range from 37.67 μm to 61.06 μm, and the exine sculptures are more or less compactly granulated. Pollen sizes are significantly different between sect. Brachycalyx and sect. Tsutsusi of subgen. Tsutsusi. Rhododendron tashiroi Maxim. of sect. Tsusiopsis Sleumer shows a close affinity to sect. Brachycalyx. Pollen size and exine are consistent with general morphology in differentiating species in sect. Tsutsusi. Rhododendron huadingense B. Y. Ding & Y. Y. Fang, once placed as a member of sect. Brachycalyx, should be considered as a species in subgen. Pentanthera. 相似文献
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总状花序组隶属于凤仙花亚属凤仙花属,以具多花的总状花序、侧生萼片2枚、子房5室、果实为线状圆柱形、种子多数、迈卵形、种皮表面具指状突起等特征区别于该亚属的其他类群。前人对凤仙花花粉形态的研究表明凤仙花属的花粉形态对于属下分类及种间界定具有重要的分类学价值。而对于总状花序组来说,有关花粉形态方面的研究少有报道,为了进一步探讨该组花粉S的形态特征及其分类学意义,该研究应用扫描电镜技术对总状花序组的21种植物的花粉进行了观察。结果表明:总状花序组植物的花粉粒均具4条萌发沟,两侧对称,极面观为矩圆形、长矩圆形或近方形;长赤道面观多为椭圆形至矩圆形,短赤道面观为椭圆形;长、短赤道轴比值多在1.4~2.4范围内;表面具网状纹饰,网眼在花粉粒表面均匀分布或赤道面的网眼较极面观的小,网脊边缘光滑或具波状突起,网眼内具不同密度的颗粒状突起。该组的花粉形态与宏观形态性状相关性较小,但花粉极面观形状、长短赤道轴的比值、网眼的分布、网脊边缘形状、网眼内颗粒物密度等特征具有种水平上的稳定性和特异性,对该组植物种间界定具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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锦鸡儿属花粉形态及其分类意义 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
在光学显微镜和扫锚电镜下对锦鸡儿属31种2变种植物花粉形态进行了观察。根据外壁表面纹饰,可分:类型I,表面具小穿孔;类型II, 具网状纹饰。 在类型II中据网眼大小和网脊宽度特征又分为两个亚类型。 根据花粉体积大小,可分4个类型。本属植物花粉形态较为一致,表明是一个自然类群。组、 系的花粉形态特征与一般形态变异不一定相对应,即形态上有明显区别的种类,在花粉形态上未必有很大区别,仅一些种类及矮锦鸡儿系 Ser. Pygmaeae的花粉形态相近。 本属花粉形态在种下等级的变异, 特别是青藏高原分布的种类的变异较为明显,例如 C.bicolor,C. jubata,C. erinacea 与各自的近缘种类。花粉形态为分类处理提供了参考。本属植物花粉形态是从表面具小穿孔向具网状纹饰演化,对应于羽状叶类群向掌状叶类群演化。 相似文献
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Pollen grains of thirty one species and two varieties of the genus Caragana Fabr. were observed under LM and SEM.The results revealed that the pollen exine ornamentation of the species examined could be divided into two types: perforate and reticulate.The later type consists of two subtypes according to lumina size and muri width. In the first subtype the lumina is round with d iameter equal to muri width,and the exine is perforate in two polar areas,while in the second subtype lumina is irregular or polygonal,with diameter sm aller than muri width.The pollen volume was divided into four types.The genus Caragana is a natural group which was indicated by the general resemblance of pollen morphology. In this genus the pollen morphological classification was not in concordance with the arrangement of the sections and series except Ser.Pygmeae and some species. The pollen variation at infraspecific level was obvious,especially the species distributed in Qinghai Xizang Plateau, such as C.jubata, C.bicolor and C. erinacea . The evolutionary trend of pollen morphology is from perforate to reticulate, which is congruous with the evolution from the pinnate leaf group to the almate leaf group in the genus. 相似文献
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Pollen grains ofVigna angularis and its var.nipponensis are described with special reference to fine structure of the infratectum of the exine. They are 3-porate-operculate with
granular infratectum and thin foot-layer. These features agree with those characterizing the genusVigna. In this species var.angularios and var.nipponensis are quite similar in pollen morphology. This supports the view that the two are closely related. 相似文献
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Zhang Zhi-Yun 《植物分类学报:英文版》1990,28(4):294-298
In the present paper pollen grains of 5 species and seed coat of 4 species of the
genus Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) from China were examined by scanning electron microscope
As a result, two types of the pollen exine sculpture are distinguished: (1) tuberculate, C. salsa
and C. lanzhouensis; (2) rugulate or fine reticulation formed by the fusion of rugae, C.
sinensis, C. deserticola and C. tubulosa. Chinese Cistanche was classified into two sections
based on the gross morphology by the present author (Zhang, 1984). C. lanzhouensis and
C. sinensis were included in one section. This classification is in conflict with the pollen type,
which indicates that the characters of pollen grains and external morphology in this genus have
evolved at different rates. The differences in pollen morphology of Chinese Cistanche can serve
as characters for delimitating species.
According to our abservation, C. lanzhouenis Z. Y. Zhang differs from the other members
of Cistanche not only in external morphology but also in pollen morphology. Pollen grains
are subprolate in this species, while prolate in the other four species, and exine sculpture is
tuberculate. The present study provides the establishment of this new species (Zhang, 1984)
with palynological evidence.
The seed coat sculpture in Chinese Cistanche are constantly alveolate, but there are some
slight differences, by which the sculpture can be divided into two types: (1) testa cells have
or have not thickenings on the inner anticlinal walls; cavernulous sculpture is present on
outer periclinal wall of some cells: C. sinensis; (2) testa cells have striate thickenings on the
inner anticlinal walls: C. salsa, C. deserticola and C. tubulosa. The characters of seed coatof some significance for the delimitation of species. 相似文献