六种杀虫剂对棉铃虫的毒力效果比较

【目的】比较新型杀虫剂对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera田间种群的毒力效果,从中筛选出高效农药种类,为当前棉铃虫防治中合理用药提供参考。【方法】在室内采用点滴法,测定了甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺、茚虫威、溴虫腈、甲维·茚虫威对4个地理种群棉铃虫3龄幼虫的毒力效果;并比较了甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺对2-5龄幼虫的毒力作用。【结果】6种杀虫剂对3龄幼虫的毒力效果从高到低的顺序依次为:氯虫苯甲酰胺甲维盐甲维·茚虫威溴氰虫酰胺茚虫威溴虫腈;不同地理种群对茚虫威的敏感性差异最大,其次依次为甲维·茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺、甲维盐和溴虫腈。甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺对2-4龄幼虫均具有较好毒杀效果,但氯虫苯甲酰胺对5龄幼虫的毒效明显优于甲维盐。【结论】氯虫苯甲酰胺和甲维盐是当前防治棉铃虫的首选农药,且氯虫苯甲酰胺对高龄幼虫毒杀效果较好。     

5种杀虫剂对入侵害虫椰子织蛾的室内毒力测定

椰子织蛾是一种外来新入侵害虫,对棕榈科植物造成了严重危害。采用叶片浸渍法测定了甲维盐等5种杀虫剂对入侵害虫椰子织蛾5～6龄幼虫的室内毒力。5种药剂处理72 h后的室内毒力大小顺序为甲维盐＞氯虫苯甲酰胺＞毒死蜱＞高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂＞烟碱;72 h 致死中浓度（ LC50）为5．2604、9．7126、24．8202、104．0584、643．1496 mg· L-1。选取同样毒力效果所需成本依次为毒死蜱＜甲维盐＜高效氯氟氰菊酯＜氯虫苯甲酰胺＜烟碱。本研究可用于指导椰子织蛾的应急化学防控。综合毒力和成本,建议在生产上采用毒死蜱和甲维盐等相关药剂防治椰子织蛾。     

3种药剂对广东地区草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫室内毒力测定及其田间药效评价

为明确几种药剂对广东地区草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的室内毒杀作用及田间防治效果,合理使用化学农药对草地贪夜蛾进行科学防治提供理论依据.本研究采用浸叶法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的室内毒杀作用;采用茎叶喷雾法,测定了 200克/升氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、150克/升氯虫苯甲酰胺?高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、25克/升高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油和5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒对田间玉米上草地贪夜蛾幼虫的防治效果.室内毒力测定试验结果表明:甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸和氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫都有较好的毒杀作用,LC50分别为0.037 mg/L和0.094 mg/L;而高效氯氟氰菊酯对草地贪夜蛾的毒杀作用较一般,LC50为5.336 mg/L.田间试验结果表明,供试的3种药剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫速效性一般,药后1 d的防治效果为40.79％～59.67％;药后3 d的防治效果为67.27％～88.55％;药后7 d其防治效果为55.75％～90.97％.氯虫苯甲酰胺和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对草地贪夜蛾具有较好室内的毒杀作用和田间防治效果,是目前防治草地贪夜蛾的理想药剂;高效氯氟氰菊酯对草地贪夜蛾室内的毒杀作用和田间防治效果较差,不推荐用来防治草地贪夜蛾.     

氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾的毒力与田间防效

【目的】本研究旨在明确氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的毒力水平和田间防治效果,为科学使用氰氟虫腙防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考依据。【方法】采用饲料混毒法在室内测定了氰氟虫腙与4种常用杀虫剂甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺、虱螨脲和茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾3和6龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC₅₀)及LC₉₀值,以及LC₉₀浓度的这些杀虫剂对3龄幼虫的致死中时(medium lethal time, LT₅₀)值。采用人工喷雾方法测定了玉米田中22%氰氟虫腙悬浮剂(6.6 g/667 m²)、22%氰氟虫腙悬浮剂(17.6 g/667 m²)、5.7%甲维盐水分散剂(1 g/667 m²)和150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂(2 g/667 m²)对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的防效。【结果】室内生测结果显示,供试的5种杀虫剂中氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾3和6龄幼虫均具有较高的毒力,其LC₅₀值分别为2.64和4.3...     

23种农药对松毛虫赤眼蜂的急性毒性及安全性评价

采用管测药膜法测定了23种常用杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂的急性毒性,并参考各药剂的田间推荐剂量进行了安全性评价。结果表明,在供试的7种杀虫剂中,噻唑膦、噻虫胺、虫螨腈、硫双威、啶虫脒和烯啶虫胺对松毛虫赤眼蜂成蜂均表现为极高风险性,多杀菌素为高风险性,在田间放蜂期应避免喷洒上述杀虫剂。供试的10种杀菌剂和6种除草剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂的风险普遍低于杀虫剂。其中,仅杀菌剂代森锰锌和戊唑醇对松毛虫赤眼蜂表现为高风险性;杀菌剂乙嘧酚磺酸酯、氰霜唑、百菌清和除草剂氟唑磺隆、五氟磺草胺、草甘膦异丙胺盐具有中等风险性;杀菌剂甲基硫菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、啶氧菌酯、氟啶胺、粉唑醇和除草剂氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯、高效氟吡甲禾灵、甲基二磺隆具有低风险性,但在生产应用中仍需谨慎操作,以减轻对天敌昆虫的杀伤作用并保护生态平衡。     

化学杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾毒力的生物测定方法比较

【目的】明确评估不同类型化学杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫毒力的重复性最好且最方便的生物测定方法。【方法】在室内分别采用点滴法、饲料混药法和叶片药膜法比较了不同类型的7种化学杀虫剂(氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙酰甲胺磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈和虱螨脲)对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力。【结果】以点滴法进行测定,7种化学杀虫剂中对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫毒力最大的是甲维盐,处理后24 h的LD_(50)为0.375μg/g;毒力最小的是虱螨脲,处理后72 h的LD_(50)为261.107μg/g。以饲料混药法进行测定,乙基多杀菌素对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫毒力最大,乙酰甲胺磷的毒力最低,处理后24 h的LC_(50)分别为0.061和9 426.217μg/g。以叶片药膜法进行测定,毒力最大的是甲维盐,最小的是高效氯氟氰菊酯,处理后24 h的LC_(50)分别为0.062和471.343 mg/L。对3种生物测定方法的数据进行分析,点滴法的χ~2值最小,P值最大;同时,相比于饲料混药法,点滴法和叶片药膜法测定中草地贪夜蛾种群遗传一致性较好。【结论】除虱螨脲外,测定的其余6种杀虫剂(氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙酰甲胺磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈)对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的最适用的生物测定方法是点滴法。相比于饲料混药法和叶片药膜法,点滴法不仅能较准确地反映种群整体在遗传学上的纯度,同时在生物测定结果的重复性上也是最好的。虱螨脲推荐使用的生物测定方法是以胃毒为主的饲料混药法和叶片药膜法。     

七种杀虫剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂的田间残留毒性

[目的]明确常用杀虫剂不同残留期对松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi的影响。[方法]采用模拟实验,测定了7种药剂田间推荐使用剂量对松毛虫赤眼蜂蛹和成虫的残留毒性。[结果]阿维菌素和毒死蜱对松毛虫赤眼蜂成蜂的毒性最高,在田间推荐使用浓度下,施药后1~3d赤眼蜂死亡率达到100%,施药后5~10d死亡率在70%以上,而甲维盐的毒性较低,施药后7 d赤眼蜂死亡率为22.2%,施药后10 d为13.3%,与对照无显著性差异。氯虫苯甲酰胺·高效氯氟氰菊酯在1~7 d的死亡率为38%~86.8%,至第10天与清水对照无显著差异。苦参碱也具有较高的毒性,施药后1~7 d赤眼蜂死亡率为28.5%~82.3%。氟啶虫胺腈的毒性和氯虫苯甲酰胺·高效氯氟氰菊酯相当,施药后10 d赤眼蜂死亡率与对照差异不明显。在7种待测的药剂中甲氧虫酰肼对赤眼蜂的影响最小,除施药后1~3d高于对照外,其后赤眼蜂的死亡率与对照无显著差异。在推荐使用剂量下,7种药剂对赤眼蜂蛹羽化出蜂率毒死蜱的影响最大,平均出蜂率为68%,与清水对照差异显著,其它几种药剂对出蜂率无影响。表明在实施释放赤眼蜂的害虫综合治理方案中,尽量避免使用阿维菌素、毒死蜱等农药,而甲氧虫酰肼对赤眼蜂残留毒性较低,可以推广使用;同时根据药剂的残留毒性掌握好最后一次施药与放蜂的间隔期,以免造成对赤眼蜂的伤害。[结论]为开展害虫综合治理中如何协调化学防治和天敌的控害作用提供了基础数据。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对荔枝蒂蛀虫不同虫态的室内毒力测定

荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley是为害荔枝和龙眼的重要害虫，其为害的隐蔽性增加了防治难度。为了探索安全、有效的药剂防治手段和明确氯虫苯甲酰胺的适合施药时期，本研究在室内条件下，以防控荔枝蒂蛀虫常用药剂高效氯氟氰菊酯为对照药，采用喷雾法和药膜法，分别测定了100、10、1、0.1和0.01 mg/L的 5个浓度梯度下，氯虫苯甲酰胺对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵、初孵幼虫的毒杀作用以及对成虫的触杀作用。研究结果表明，氯虫苯甲酰胺的5个浓度梯度对产后24 h、48 h和72 h蒂蛀虫卵孵化抑制率均显著高于高效氯氟氰菊酯；氯虫苯甲酰胺对蒂蛀虫初孵幼虫的毒力是高效氯氟氰菊酯的10倍，对荔枝蒂蛀虫初孵幼虫的LC50分别为3.32 mg/L和38.78 mg/L。而在100 mg/L浓度下氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氟氰菊酯对成虫触杀的校正死亡百分率最高分别为34.36%和77.35%。综上所述，氯虫苯甲酰胺对荔枝蒂蛀虫具有较强的杀卵活性和杀初孵幼虫活性，在荔枝生产上具有潜在的应用价值；鉴于其对成虫的触杀作用不强，故建议在荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵高峰期和初孵幼虫期使用，以期将荔枝蒂蛀虫于发生为害之前进行有效控制。     

防治新入侵害虫蜂巢小甲虫杀虫剂的室内筛选

蜂巢小甲虫Aethina tumida是一种新入侵为害蜜蜂蜂巢的危险性害虫,筛选出具有较高毒力水平的化学药剂防治该虫迫在眉睫。本文采用浸渍法测定了10种杀虫剂对蜂巢小甲虫幼虫的毒力。试验结果表明,10 mg/L高效氯氰菊酯、啶虫脒和功夫菊酯在24 h内对蜂巢小甲虫幼虫的致死率达到36.67%、33.33%和29.39%,而10 mg/L高效氯氰菊酯和功夫菊酯在48 h对蜂巢小甲虫幼虫的致死率均达到100%。啶虫脒、高效氯氰菊酯和功夫菊酯在24 h的LC_(50)分别为10.47 mg/L、16.94 mg/L和19.1 mg/L。其它受试的杀虫剂如多杀菌素、氟虫腈、氟啶脲、虫酰肼、敌百虫、阿维菌素和甲维盐的触杀致死率相对较低。筛选结果显示,啶虫脒、高效氯氰菊酯和功夫菊酯可作为目前防治蜂巢小甲虫的的重要参考防治药剂。     

不同药剂对Q型烟粉虱的防治效果评价

研究不同药剂对Q型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)的防治效果,为该虫的化学药剂防治提供理论依据。以烟粉虱成虫为试材,采用浸叶法,进行10种药剂对烟粉虱的室内毒力测定实验;采用喷雾法,在大棚黄瓜田进行10种单剂和9种混剂对烟粉虱的防治效果试验。其中阿维菌素对烟粉虱成虫的毒力最高,其LC50为2.8609mg/L,精高效氯氟氰菊酯对烟粉虱成虫的毒力最低,其LC50为389.1049mg/L,乙基多杀菌素对烟粉虱成虫无杀虫效果。9种药剂对烟粉虱成虫的毒力大小顺序为:阿维菌素啶虫脒高效氯氟氰菊酯高效氯氰菊酯氟啶虫胺腈氟啶虫酰胺螺虫乙酯噻虫嗪精高效氯氟氰菊酯。10种药剂在田间对烟粉虱的防效依次为:噻虫嗪阿维菌素氟啶虫胺腈氟啶虫酰胺精高效氯氟氰菊酯啶虫脒螺虫乙酯高效氯氟氰菊酯高效氯氰菊酯乙基多杀菌素。9种混剂的防效试验表明,有6种混剂对烟粉虱的防治效果比单剂防治效果好,其中效果最好的是阿维菌素与三种新烟碱类药剂的混用。     

Investigation of the contribution of RyR target-site mutations in diamide resistance by CRISPR/Cas9 genome modification in Drosophila

Diamide insecticides are used widely against lepidopteran pests, acting as potent activators of insect Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs) and thus inducing muscle contraction and eventually death. However, resistant phenotypes have recently evolved in the field, associated with the emergence of target site resistance mutations (G4946E/V and I4790M). We investigated the frequency of the mutations found in a resistant population of Tuta absoluta from Greece (G4946V ~79% and I4790M ~21%) and the associated diamide resistance profile: there are very high levels of resistance against chlorantraniliprole (9329-fold) and flubendiamide (4969-fold), but moderate levels against cyantraniliprole (191-fold). To further investigate functionally the contribution of each mutation in the resistant phenotype, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate genome modified Drosophila carrying alternative allele combinations, and performed toxicity bioassays against all three diamides. Genome modified flies bearing the G4946V mutation exhibited high resistance ratios to flubendiamide (91.3-fold) and chlorantraniliprole (194.7-fold) when compared to cyantraniliprole (5.4-fold). Flies naturally wildtype for the I4790M mutation were moderately resistant to flubendiamide (15.3-fold) but significantly less resistant to chlorantraniliprole (7.5-fold), and cyantraniliprole (2.3-fold). These findings provide in vivo functional genetic confirmation for the role and relative contribution of RyR mutations in diamide resistance and suggest that the mutations confer subtle differences on the relative binding affinities of the three diamides at an overlapping binding site on the RyR protein.     

新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对四种赤眼蜂成蜂急性毒性和安全性评价

为了明确新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对天敌赤眼蜂Trichogramma spp.的影响, 在室内采用药膜法测定了其对稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead、 亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen、 拟澳洲赤眼蜂Trichogramma confusum Viggiani和广赤眼蜂Trichogramma evanescens Westwood成蜂的急性毒性, 并进行了安全性评价。急性毒性测定结果表明： 在测定的新烟碱类药剂中, 噻虫嗪对拟澳洲赤眼蜂和稻螟赤眼蜂表现出最高的急性毒性, 其LC₅₀分别为0.24 (0.21~0.27) 和0.40 (0.37~0.44) mg a.i./L; 其次为烯啶虫胺, 该药剂对上述两种赤眼蜂的LC₅₀分别为0.83 (0.74~0.96) 和0.72 (0.65~0.80) mg a.i./L; 而吡虫啉对亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂的毒性最低, 其LC₅₀分别为502.13 (459.80~549.62)和752.62 (687.51~828.63) mg a.i./L。在测定的大环内酯类药剂中, 阿维菌素对稻螟赤眼蜂的急性毒性最高, 其LC₅₀为0.49 (0.46~0.65) mg a.i./L, 而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对拟澳洲赤眼蜂表现出最低的急性毒性, 其LC₅₀为21.76 (19.59~24.40) mg a.i./L。安全性评价结果表明, 吡虫啉、 啶虫脒、 氯噻啉和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对4种赤眼蜂为低风险~中等风险性, 安全性系数为0.57~23.54; 噻虫啉和依维菌素对4种赤眼蜂却为中等风险~高风险性, 安全性系数为0.16~3.45; 而烯啶虫胺、 噻虫嗪和阿维菌素对4种赤眼蜂为高风险~极高风险性, 安全性系数为0.01~0.15。本研究测定的大部分杀虫剂对赤眼蜂都有一定的急性毒性风险。因此, 在害虫综合治理中应谨慎使用新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂尤其是烯啶虫胺、 噻虫嗪和阿维菌素, 以免造成对赤眼蜂的大量杀伤。     

Evaluating the efficacy of insecticides to control Sceliodes cordalis (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in eggplant

The efficacy of insecticides in controlling Sceliodes cordalis , eggfruit caterpillar, in eggplant was tested in four small plot trials because there has been a very limited range of insecticides available to manage this pest. Weekly applications of bifenthrin, flubendiamide, methoxyfenozide, chlorantraniliprole and spinosad and twice weekly applications of methomyl provided control as measured by a percentage of damaged fruit significantly lower than that in an untreated control. Twice weekly applications of methoxyfenozide, chlorantraniliprole or spinosad were not significantly more effective than weekly applications. Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki , emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, methomyl and pyridalyl applied weekly were ineffective, with percentages of damaged fruit not significantly different from the untreated control. These trials have identified a number of insecticides that could be used to manage S. cordalis , including several that would be compatible with integrated pest management programs in eggplant.     

6种杀虫剂对南美番茄潜叶蛾的毒力及田间防效

[目的]研究6种杀虫剂对南美番茄潜叶蛾卵、幼虫和成虫的毒力及其在温室番茄上的防治效果,为南美番茄潜叶蛾防治提供高效杀虫剂和施药技术。[方法]采用浸渍法和药膜法测定了6种杀虫剂对南美番茄潜叶蛾卵、幼虫和成虫的毒力,田间调查毒力较高杀虫剂对温室番茄上南美番茄潜叶蛾防效。[结果] 6种杀虫剂中的乙基多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和阿维菌素对南美番茄潜叶蛾卵有毒力作用,致死中浓度（LC₅₀）分别为1.415、13.588和23.194 mg·L^-1。6种杀虫剂对南美番茄潜叶蛾幼虫的LC₅₀分别为：阿维菌素0.026 mg·L^-1、四唑虫酰胺0.052 mg·L^-1、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐0.057 mg·L^-1、乙基多杀菌素0.072 mg·L^-1、氯虫苯甲酰胺0.484 mg·L^-1和呋虫胺2.039 mg·L^-1。对于南美番茄潜叶蛾成虫,24 h时,仅甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和四唑虫酰胺对成虫有较高毒力;72 h时,6种杀虫剂对成虫的LC₅₀分别为：甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐0.390 mg·L^-1、乙基多杀菌素1.646 mg·L^-1、四唑虫酰胺2.630 mg·L^-1、呋虫胺5.577 mg·L^-1、阿维菌素22.502 mg·L^-1和氯虫苯甲酰胺39.636 mg·L^-1。在成虫盛发期第4天施药,阿维菌素、四唑虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素在南美番茄潜叶蛾危害严重的温室番茄上防效达80%以上。[结论]阿维菌素、四唑虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺和呋虫胺对南美番茄潜叶蛾卵、幼虫或成虫有较高毒力,其中阿维菌素、四唑虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和乙基多杀菌素田间防效较好。     

Comparative selectivity of pesticides used in greenhouses,on the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

A series of bioassays were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the relative toxicities of various pesticides (acetamiprid, cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, copper oxychloride, iprodione, mandipropamid, a mixture of propamocarb?+?fluopicolide and mixture of fludioxonil?+?cyprodinil) on Aphidius colemani adults and mummies, as well as sublethal effects on female fecundity. Cypermethrin was highly toxic to pupa of A. colemani within host mummies. Acetamiprid, cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate, a mixture of propamocarb?+?fluopicolide and mixture of fludioxonil?+?cyprodinil were also highly toxic to A. colemani adults (92–100% mortality at 48?h post treatment). Mandipropamid, iprodione and copper oxycloride treatments significantly reduced fecundity of the female parasitoids. In contrast B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki, H. armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus and chlorantraniliprole were harmless (<30% mortality) to the parasitoid species tested according to International Organisation for Biological Control toxicity classification and are likely to be compatible with integrated pest management programmes.     

CRISPR/Cas9 mediated G4946E substitution in the ryanodine receptor of Spodoptera exigua confers high levels of resistance to diamide insecticides

Diamide insecticides selectively activate insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inducing uncontrolled release of calcium ions, and causing muscle contraction, paralysis and eventually death. The RyR^G4946E substitution associated with diamide resistance has been identified in three lepidopteran pests, Plutella xylostella, Tuta absoluta and Chilo suppressalis. Recently, the T. absoluta RyR^G4946V mutation was knocked into the model insect Drosophila melanogaster by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing and provided in vivo functional confirmation for its role in diamide resistance. In the present study, we successfully introduced the RyR^G4946E mutation with CRISPR/Cas9 technology into a lepidopteran pest of global importance, Spodoptera exigua. The genome-edited strain (named 4946E) homozygous for the SeRyR^G4946E mutation exhibited 223-, 336- and >1000-fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide, respectively when compared to the wild type strain (WHS) of S. exigua. Reciprocal crossing experiments revealed that the target-site resistance in strain 4946E underlies an autosomal and almost recessive mode of inheritance for anthranilic diamides, whereas it was completely recessive for flubendiamide. Our results not only provided in vivo functional validation of the RyR^G4946E mutation in conferring high levels of resistance to diamide insecticides for the first time in a controlled genetic background of a lepidopteran pest, but also revealed slight differences on the level of resistance between anthranilic diamides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) and flubendiamide conferred by the SeRyR^G4946E mutation.     

新疆和云南番茄潜叶蛾种群对六种杀虫剂的敏感性及其与解毒酶活性的关系

【目的】番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta 是新入侵我国的对番茄具有毁灭性危害的入侵害虫,目前入侵我国的番茄潜叶蛾种群对杀虫剂的抗性尚无报道。本研究旨在明确新疆和云南番茄潜叶蛾田间种群对6种常用杀虫剂的敏感性及其与解毒酶活性的关系。【方法】采用浸叶法测定6种常用杀虫剂对番茄潜叶蛾新疆和云南种群2龄幼虫的室内毒力。通过对2龄幼虫的生物测定确定3种增效剂［CYP450抑制剂胡椒基丁醚(PBO)、酯酶抑制剂磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和GST抑制剂丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)］对氯虫苯甲酰胺的增效作用。采用酶活性分析测定室内敏感种群和田间抗性种群(新疆种群) 2龄幼虫体内解毒酶［细胞色素P450酶(CYP450)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)］活性,以确定杀虫剂抗性与解毒酶活性的关系。【结果】番茄潜叶蛾云南种群对6种杀虫剂的敏感性由高到低依次为甲维盐、溴虫腈、多杀菌素、茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氰菊酯。新疆种群对6种杀虫剂的敏感性由高到低依次为甲维盐、溴虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素、茚虫威和高效氯氰菊酯。与室内敏感种群相比,云南和新疆种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性水平最高,抗性倍数分别为212.7和169.3倍。生物测定结果表明,3种增效剂PBO, TPP和DEM均对氯虫苯甲酰胺无明显增效作用。酶活性测定结果表明,番茄潜叶蛾室内敏感种群和田间抗性种群之间2龄幼虫中CYP450, GST和CarE活性无显著差异。【结论】番茄潜叶蛾新疆和云南种群对测试的6种杀虫剂产生不同程度的抗性,对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性最高,番茄潜叶蛾对杀虫剂的抗性与解毒酶活性无关。本研究的结果对番茄潜叶蛾的田间防治和杀虫剂抗性治理具有指导意义。