非洲马铃果种子的化学成分含量测定和生物活性研究

以分光光度法测定非洲马铃果种子总生物碱、总黄酮、水溶性多糖含量,MTT法测定乙醇提取物不同分离部位的细胞毒活性,以及DPPH法测定不同分离部位的抗氧化活性。结果表明,非洲马铃果种子总生物碱、总黄酮、水溶性多糖含量分别为5.70%、0.41%和3.04%;各分离部位中总生物碱的细胞毒活性最强,其对人的肝癌细胞株SMMC7721、胃癌细胞株SGC7901和正常肝细胞株Chang-liver的IC 50值分别为11.99±2.22、8.72±6.11和7.31±4.39μg·mL-1;各分离部位中正丁醇相抗氧化活性最强,IC 50值为0.268±0.002 mg·mL-1。     

非洲马铃果果籽提取物的体外抗肿瘤活性

分别以不同极性有机溶剂(正己烷、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮与乙醇)对非洲马铃果的果籽进行索氏提取,测定提取率;以人宫颈癌细胞(Hela Cells)与人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721细胞株)为对象,对5种有机相的非洲马铃果果籽提取物进行体外细胞毒理性研究,测定提取物抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,马铃果果籽丙酮提取物对SMMC-7721癌细胞具有显著的增殖抑制活性,同时也表现出对Hela癌细胞较高程度的抑制作用;正己烷提取物对Hela癌细胞具有相对较明显的抑制活性,对SMMC-7721癌细胞药理活性不显著;其他有机相提取物几乎没有肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性。     

非洲加纳籽生物学特性及其化学成分(综述)

现代植物化学研究发现,非洲加纳籽的主要化学成分为5-羟基色氨酸;现代药理研究表明,该植物具有抗抑郁、抑制肥胖和抗氧化等各种药理活性。本文系统介绍非洲加纳籽的生物学特性及化学成分与药理药效的国内外研究进展,为其引种驯化与深度开发提供理论依据。     

卷柏属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

卷柏属植物含有黄酮类、炔酚类、苯丙素类等多种化学成分。药理学研究证明该属植物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌抗病毒等药理活性。本文系统地介绍了国内外对卷柏属植物化学成分和药理活性方面的研究概况,为今后对该属植物的进一步研究提供参考。     

更正启事

正本刊2014年第43卷第2期刊登的论文"非洲马铃果种子的化学成分含量测定和生物活性研究"[2014,43(2):98—102]作者排名顺序有误,原"刘韶松,童庆宣,郑志忠,陈良华,康炼常,郑远斌,明艳林"应为"刘韶松,郑志忠,陈良华,康炼常,童庆宣,郑远斌,明艳林"。特此更正。     

白首乌化学成分与药理活性研究进展

白首乌类植物含有C21甾体酯甙类、磷脂类、苯乙酮甙类等化学成分,具有抗氧化、调节免疫功能、抗肿瘤、抗缺氧、降血脂等多种药理活性.主要综述了近年来白首乌类植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展概况.     

山橙属植物化学成分与抗肿瘤活性研究进展

结合国内外文献综述了山橙属植物化学成分的研究进展,并对该属药用植物的抗肿瘤活性进行了总结。山橙属植物含有多种化学成分,主要有生物碱类以及少量三萜类、甾体类、木脂素类等。该属植物中的生物碱类成分具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。     

植物精油化学成分及其抗菌活性的研究进展

植物精油是一类从植物中萃取的芳香味油状液体,是一类优良的天然抗菌材料。作为抗菌材料,植物精油具有以下优点:具有广谱高效的抗菌活性;具有熏蒸特性、气味芳香;取自天然植物,绿色环保;来源广,提取容易。植物精油因其多种优点,在抗菌领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。本文从植物精油的分布及化学成分、抗细菌活性和抗真菌活性的研究,以及植物精油化学成分与抗菌活性之间的联系等方面对植物精油的抗菌性能进行评述,以期促进植物精油在抗菌领域的广泛应用,同时给从事植物精油抗菌研究的科研工作者提供参考。     

山橙属植物化学成分与抗肿瘤活性研究进展北大核心CSCD

结合国内外文献综述了山橙属植物化学成分的研究进展,并对该属药用植物的抗肿瘤活性进行了总结。山橙属植物含有多种化学成分,主要有生物碱类以及少量三萜类、甾体类、木脂素类等。该属植物中的生物碱类成分具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。     

仪花属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

豆科仪花属植物,主要分布于我国南部。该属植物主要含有间苯三酚类、黄酮类、二苯乙烯类、三萜类等化学成分,具有抗氧化、扩张血管、抗心律失常和镇痛等多种药理活性,民间主要用于治疗跌打损伤、骨折和外伤出血。本文较系统的综述了近十年国内外对仪花属植物的化学成分及药理活性的研究进展,以期为仪花属植物的开发利用提供一定的科学依据。     

海洋曲霉属真菌抗菌活性物质的研究进展

海洋微生物由于其独特的生存环境造就了许多结构新颖、具有特殊生物活性的代谢产物。随着科学技术的发展,科学界掀起了对海洋微生物代谢物的研究浪潮。近年来的研究表明,海洋曲霉属真菌及其次级代谢产物具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒等生物活性。通过查阅文献与资料,对近年来海洋曲霉属真菌及其次级代谢产物的化学结构及生物活性研究与开发的进展进行综述总结,以期有助于后续研究及应用。     

百合皂苷类化学成分提取及药理活性研究进展

百合属植物化学成分多样,近年来成为天然产物化学研究的重点。文中着重对百合中重要化学成分百合皂苷的提取方法、化学成分及药理活性进行综述,为百合皂苷的开发利用提供参考。     

Interactions between statins and Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein (PAF) to inhibit the germination of sporangiospores of different sensitive Zygomycetes

This study reports on the antifungal activities of statins combined with an antifungal compound secreted by Penicillium chrysogenum, PAF. Several species belonging in the class Zygomycetes are considered to be agents of human or animal mycoses; other species have significance as postharvest plant pathogens. In the present work, four species (Rhizopus stolonifer, Mortierella wolfii, Syncephalastrum racemosum and Mycotypha africana) that exhibited different sensitivities to lovastatin and PAF in previous experiments were investigated. The efficiencies with which four statins (lovastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin and atorvastatin) inhibited sporangiospore germination in the absence or in the presence of a constant concentration of PAF were studied. PAF and lovastatin acted synergistically on the sporangiospore germination of Mycotypha africana, and similar effects of the combinations PAF-rosuvastatin and PAF-atorvastatin were observed on S. racemosum.     

Identification of the ``a' Genome of Finger Millet Using Chloroplast DNA

Finger millet (Eleusine corocana subsp. coracana), an important cereal in East Africa and India, is a tetraploid species with unknown genomic components. A recent cytogenetic study confirmed the direct origin of this millet from the tetraploid E. coracana subsp. africana but questioned Eleusine indica as a genomic donor. Chloroplast (ct) DNA sequence analysis using restriction fragment pattern was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships between E. coracana subsp. coracana (domesticated finger millet), E. coracana subspecies africana (wild finger millet), and E. indica. Eleusine tristachya was included since it is the only other annual diploid species in the genus with a basic chromosome number of x = 9 like finger millet. Eight of the ten restriction endonucleases used had 16 to over 30 restriction sites per genome and were informative. E. coracana subsp. coracana and subsp. africana and E. indica were identical in all the restriction sites surveyed, while the ct genome of E. tristachya differed consistently by at least one mutational event for each restriction enzyme surveyed. This random survey of the ct genomes of these species points out E. indica as one of the genome donors (maternal genome donor) of domesticated finger millet contrary to a previous cytogenetic study. The data also substantiate E. coracana subsp. africana as the progenitor of domesticated finger millet. The disparity between the cytogenetic and the molecular approaches is discussed in light of the problems associated with chromosome pairing and polyploidy.     

Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Cissampelos

Cissampelos is a significant genus comprising of approximately 21 species of the medicinal plants (Menispermaceae). The plants of this genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as asthma, arthritis, dysentery, hyperglycemia, cardiopathy, hypertension and other related problems. These plants are rich in bioactive dibenzylisoquinoline and aborphine as well as small amounts of other ingredients. In recent years, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Cissampelos genus have been paid more and more attention due to their diversity. Herein, we compile the chemical constituents and biological activities on this genus, and summarize the ¹³C-NMR data of the main bioactive ingredients. All information comes from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CNKI. It provides valuable data for the future research and development of Cissampelos genus.     

暹罗芽孢杆菌研究进展

暹罗芽孢杆菌Bacillus siamensis是芽孢杆菌属近十年发表的新种,具有广谱抗菌性及其他生物活性,具备开发潜力。本文综述暹罗芽孢杆菌生物活性及应用研究进展,并就未来研究方向提出建议。     

小单胞菌属次级代谢产物及其生物活性研究进展

小单胞菌属(Micromonospora)为稀有放线菌,广泛分布在土壤、海洋和动植物中,其所产代谢产物不仅具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗HIV等多种生物活性,而且化学结构新颖多样。本文从化学结构分类、生物活性等方面对近几年已报道的小单胞菌属来源的重要天然产物做了简要综述,以期为小单胞菌天然产物的开发和应用奠定基础。     

Genetic identification of five strongyle nematode parasites in wild african elephants (Loxodonta africana)

African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) are an ecologically and economically important species in many African habitats. However, despite the importance of elephants, research on their parasites is limited, especially in wild populations. Currently, we lack genetic tools to identify elephant parasites. We present genetic markers from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to identify five elephant-specific nematode parasites in the family Strongylidae: Murshidia linstowi, Murshidia longicaudata, Murshidia africana, Quilonia africana, and Khalilia sameera. We collected adult nematodes from feces deposited by wild elephants living in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. Using both morphologic and genetic techniques, we found that the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in rDNA provides a reliable marker to distinguish these species of strongyles. We found no evidence for cryptic genetic species within these morphologic species according to the cox-1 region of mtDNA. Levels of genetic diversity in strongyles from elephants were consistent with the genetic diversity seen within other strongyle species. We anticipate that these results will be a useful tool for identifying gastrointestinal nematode parasites in elephants.     

Cercal sensory regulation of ganglionic protein metabolism in the field cricket, Gryllotalpa africana.

The effect of cercal deafferentation (cercectomy) on the ganglionic protein metabolism of the cricket, Gryllotalpa africana was studied. Significant changes in the activities of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were observed in the terminal ganglion following unilateral and bilateral cercectomy.     

Chemical strategies for immobilization of oligonucleotides

The development of oligonucleotide-based microarrays (biochips) is a major thrust area in the rapidly growing biotechnology industry, which encompasses a diverse range of research areas including genomics, proteomics, computational biology, and pharmaceuticals, among other activities. Microarray experiments have proved to be unique in offering cost-effective and efficient analysis at the genomic level. In the last few years, biochips have gained increasing acceptance in the study of genetic and cellular processes. As the increase in experimental throughput has posed many challenges to the research community, considerable progress has been made in the advancement of microarray technology. In this review, chemical strategies for immobilization of oligonucleotides have been highlighted with special emphasis on post-synthetic immobilization of oligonucleotides on glass surface. The major objective of this article is to make the researchers acquainted with some most recent advances in this area.