大血藤化学成分及药学研究进展

目的:对传统中药大血藤的化学成分及药学研究概况进行综述.方法:查阅国内外发表的文献为依据.结果:传统中药大血藤中含有鞣质、糖苷、环多酚类、三萜皂甙类、木质素类、黄酮类、甙类及有机酸类等多种化学成分;药理研究证明,其具有抗辐射;抗菌、抗炎、抗急,陛过敏、抗癌及心血管系统活性等作用,结论:大血藤具有多种药理活性,有希望从中开发出治疗心血管疾病和抗炎的现代药物.对其进行进一步的研究和开发具有重要意义.     

菊三七属植物化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

菊科菊三七属植物中含有生物碱类、黄酮类、香豆素类、三萜类、甾体类及其皂苷、倍半萜类、酚酸类、脑苷脂类等化学成分,具有良好的止血、降血糖、降血压、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗凝血等药理活性。可见,该属植物化学成分丰富,药理活性多样,极具药用及食用保健价值。本文就近年来菊三七属植物的化学成分和药理作用研究进展作一综述。     

卷柏属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

卷柏属植物含有黄酮类、炔酚类、苯丙素类等多种化学成分。药理学研究证明该属植物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌抗病毒等药理活性。本文系统地介绍了国内外对卷柏属植物化学成分和药理活性方面的研究概况,为今后对该属植物的进一步研究提供参考。     

鸢尾属及射干种子的化学成分研究进展

对鸢尾属植物及近缘植物射干种子中化学成分的研究情况,以及相关的一些药理研究进行了综述,这些植物的种子所含化学成分以醌类、酚类等为主,其中一些具有显著药理活性,为其开发利用提供参考。     

苜蓿属植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

苜蓿属植物分布广泛,其中所含有的化学成分主要为皂苷类、黄酮类、香豆素类、多糖等.本属植物及其提取物具有降胆固醇、抗动脉粥样硬化、雌激素样作用等药理活性,深入研究后可开发为天然药物.     

鱼藤属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

为更好的开发利用鱼藤属植物的药理活性,本文对其化学成分研究进行了综述.经调研文献,鱼藤属植物的化学成分主要包括黄酮、异黄酮、鱼藤酮等;药理活性主要表现在抗氧化、抗菌、杀虫等方面.     

甜叶菊化学成分及药理活性研究进展

甜叶菊是一种具有广阔前景的菊科植物,主要化学成分包括黄酮类、二萜类、挥发油类等;甜叶菊提取物具有抗氧化、抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫等药理活性。本文对甜叶菊化学成分及药理活性进行了综述,为其深度开发和高效综合利用提供参考。     

仪花属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

豆科仪花属植物,主要分布于我国南部。该属植物主要含有间苯三酚类、黄酮类、二苯乙烯类、三萜类等化学成分,具有抗氧化、扩张血管、抗心律失常和镇痛等多种药理活性,民间主要用于治疗跌打损伤、骨折和外伤出血。本文较系统的综述了近十年国内外对仪花属植物的化学成分及药理活性的研究进展,以期为仪花属植物的开发利用提供一定的科学依据。     

毛兰属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

毛兰属植物由于近年来同属于兰科的石斛属植物的过度采挖,而取代名贵中药石斛类作为药材应用。为了了解其化学成分及能否替代石斛应用,本文对毛兰属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展进行了综述。目前毛兰属植物研究所涉及的种类仅5种,从该属植物中分离出化学成分13种,包括菲类、9,10-二氢菲类及二聚体、联苄、甾体和脂肪族化合物等结构类型。药理研究表明,一些成分如毛兰素和毛兰菲在抗肿瘤和抗氧化等方面显示了较好的活性。开展毛兰属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护有重要意义。     

木棉的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

木棉(Bombax ceiba L.)为木棉科木棉属植物,主要含有黄酮类、有机酸类、甾体类、三萜类、香豆素类等化学成分,具有镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌消炎、保肝等药理活性。本文通过查阅近年来国内外的相关文献,对木棉化学成分及药理活性的相关研究进行了整理和总结,为其进一步开发和利用提供一定的科学依据和理论基础。     

紫菀属化学成分及药理活性研究进展

紫菀属所含化学成分主要是三萜皂甙 ,此外还含其它萜类、肽类、香豆素、甾醇等 ;其中一些成分具有抗瘤 ,抗菌 ,消炎等活性。本文对其近 2 0多年来国内外学者分离到的化学成分及其药理活性的研究结果作一综述 ,为该属植物资源的进一步研究和开发提供参考。     

五种胡椒属来源的海风藤挥发油成分的比较研究

本文对四种及一变种胡椒属植物的茎叶进行了挥发油的GC比较。并以GC-MS研究了毛Piper puberulum(Benth.)Maxim.的挥发油成分,共鉴定了54个化合物,其中主要成分为倍半萜。结果表明,毛的挥发油成分与其它四种样品差异很大。     

Antioxidant,Anti‐inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols Extracted from Chroogomphus rutilus

Chroogomphus rutilus is a rare fungal species that grows under pine trees and is now widely used as a functional food and pharmaceutical product. However, the chemical constituents and biological activities of Chroogomphus rutilus have been relatively limited. The present study aimed at determining the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents, biological activities and main phenolic compounds of Chroogomphus rutilus from different geographical origins at the stipe and pileus. The results suggested that Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts revealed a higher antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, and there were significant differences between samples from different locations and regions. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were significantly correlated with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, only the content of total flavonoids was significantly correlated with cytotoxicity, which means that the cytotoxicity of Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts may be regulated by flavonoids or other compounds. HPLC‐DAD analysis revealed that the main phenolic compound was protocatechuic acid, followed by baicalin, p‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, but comparing with the pileus extracts, the stipe extracts can be considered as a higher concentration of phenolic compounds. Therefore, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts could be due to the identified compounds. This study investigated a deep knowledge about the constituents and activities of Chroogomphus rutilus and provided the reference for its application in food and pharmaceutical.     

The Genus Pluchea: Phytochemistry,Traditional Uses,and Biological Activities

In this review, literature data on phytochemical and biological investigations on the genus Pluchea are compiled. Pluchea is a genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae family and comprises ca. 80 species distributed mainly in Northern and Southern America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids are the main constituents of this genus. Compounds isolated from plants of the Pluchea genus display a variety of biological properties, viz., anticancer, antileishmanial, immunosuppressive, antioxidant, anti‐acetylcholinesterase, antimicrobial, trypanocidal, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, larvicidal, anti‐ulcer, anti‐inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities.     

Traditional Uses,Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Thymus

The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) comprises about 214 species throughout the world, mainly found in North Africa, Europe, and temperate Asia zone. They are traditionally used as food additives and folk medicines. This review comprehensively summarizes information about traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of this genus and provides recommendations for future investigations. All information was gathered from scientific databases including Google Scholar, Sci‐Finder, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. Volatile oils are the most concerned constituents of this genus. Flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, organic acids, terpenoids, and phytosterols were also summarized. This genus plants possessed a variety of activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, cytotoxic, analgesic, and antidiabetic. In brief, this review will be helpful to provide valuable data for explorations and create more interests towards Thymus genus in the future.     

Enzymatic methods for determining populations of Streptococcus cremoris AM2 and Leuconostoc lactis CNRZ 1091 in pure and mixed cultures

Summary Streptococcus cremoris AM2 is characterized by an aminopeptidase and Leuconostoc lactis CNRZ 1091 by an -galactosidase and a citrate lyase. These strains were grown in pure or mixed cultures, in presence or absence of citrate (15 mM) and at controlled or uncontrolled pH. Cell populations and the activities of the enzymes were measured during microbial growth. Linear correlations were established between the population of S. cremoris AM2 and aminopeptidase activity, and between that of L. lactis CNRZ 1091 and the activities of -galactosidase and citrate lyase. These correlations held regardless of whether the culture was pure or mixed and if the pH was controlled or not. The presence of citrate did not change citrate lyase and aminopeptidase activities, but inhibited the synthesis of the -galactosidase and not its activity. The linear relationships permit the determination of bacterial populations in less than 2 h without counting but by measuring enzyme activities.     

Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Starfishes: An Update

Starfishes produce various structurally unique secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. This review is an update summary of the new compounds and their bioactivities from starfish (the Asteroidea Class) with 71 references covering from January 2007 to December 2018. During this period, 216 new compounds were obtained from 36 species. The chemical constituents are mostly steroids, steroidal glycosides, and gangliosides. These components have been found to possess various bioactivities, including anticancer, anti‐inflammation, etc.     

Antibodies against outer membrane proteins in rabbit antisera prepared against Escherichia coli O26 K60.

Antibodies directed against the protein constituents of the outer envelope membrane of Escherichia coli O26 K60 were demonstrated in antisera elicited in rabbits against three different preparations of the bacterium. Outer membraned solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulphate were applied to the antisera in an interfacial precipitin test, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the resulting immunecomplexes. Protein profiles showed a complete outer membrane protein pattern, indicating the antigenic character of these proteins. Antisera containing antibodies against outer membrane proteins and free of reactive antibodies against lipopolysaccharide showed relatively low agglutinating activities against the bacteria. The antibodies against the protein constituents of the outer membrane belong mainly to the 7S class immunoglobulins, as indicated by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of the antisera.     

密云水库白河流域基流演变特征

基流是水文过程的一个重要组成部分,选择科学合理的基流分割方法,研究明确影响基流变化的驱动因素,对于保证河湖的生态水量至关重要。以北京密云水库的白河流域为例,根据白河流域张家坟水文站1967—2012年的实测径流数据和相关气象数据,对比分析了局部最小值法、单参数数字滤波法和递归数字滤波法三种方法的基流分割结果,并从气候变化和人类活动两方面分析影响基流变化的驱动因素。结果表明,相比局部最小值法和单参数数字滤波法,递归数字滤波法在白河流域有着更好的应用稳定性;在密云水库白河流域,基流对河川径流有着相当高的贡献比例(BFI>0.65);1967—2012年白河流域年基流量存在极显著的减少趋势(P<0.01),而年基流指数值基本保持不变。白河流域基流序列分别在1980年和1999年发生了突变,其中1999年的突变主要受到降雨过程(气候变化)的影响,而1980年的突变点主要受到其他因素(如人类活动)的影响。     

UHPLC/HR‐ESI‐MS/MS Profiling of Phenolics from Tunisian Lycium arabicum Boiss. Antioxidant and Anti‐lipase Activities’ Evaluation

This study was performed in the aim to evaluate nine different extracts from Tunisian Lycium arabicum for their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, phytochemical analyses as well as their antioxidant and anti‐lipase activities. The in vitro antioxidant property was investigated using three complementary methods (DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β‐carotene‐linoleic acid bleaching assays) while anti‐lipase activity was evaluated using 4‐methylumbelliferyl oleate method. From all of the tested extracts the most potent found to be the polar MeOH extracts especially those of stems and leaves. In order to investigate the chemical composition of these extracts and possible correlation of their constituents with the observed activities, an UHPLC/HR‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis was performed. Several compounds belonging to different chemical classes were tentatively identified such as rutin and kampferol rutinoside, the major constituents of the leaves, and N‐caffeoyltyramine, lyciumide A, N‐dihydrocaffeoyltyramine as well as fatty acids: trihydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid isomers were detected abundantly in the stems. These results showed that the MeOH extracts of stems and leaves of L. arabicum can be considered as a potential source of biological active compounds.