海南岛尖峰岭两类热带山地雨林次生群落在15年演替过程中的林木消长(英文)

以两块对照固定样地(8401和8402)为对象,研究了海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林两类采伐迹地次生群落在过去15年的演替过程中胸径≥7.0cm林木种类、个体数及胸高断面积的消长格局,结果表明：1)常遭台风及一些人为活动干扰、源于大面积采伐迹地的8401群落比位于保护区核心区、源于小面积采伐迹地的8402群落具有较高的物种多样性,但两样地林木的个体密度随演替进程的变化均较缓慢,前者减少3.9％,后者增加14.2％。2)常见种(即1984年在0.2hm2样地中个体数≥5的种类,绝大多数为群落优势种或先锋树种)在15年演替过程中种类数量保持不变,非常见种种类数量增加31％,常见种与非常见种个体密度在时间上的变化呈显著的负相关。3)林木死亡率总体上随胸径增大而减少。常见种的林木死亡率显著高于非常见种的林木死亡率,与此相反,林木的个体增补主要来自非常见种(占89.3％),8402样地的个体置换率(增补数量／死亡数量)比8401高90％;不同观测年份个体增补数量的变化与死亡数量的变化存在显著的正相关。4)林分胸高断面积的相对增长量主要受常见种的消长及样地总置换率的影响,总体上看,8402样地的相对增长量高于8401样地,前者为2.48％,后者为1.69％。5)热带山地雨林次生群落在演替过程中的林木消长格局明显与树种类型有关。     

自然与人工恢复对川西高山采伐迹地植物群落特征的影响

以天然林为对照,选取自然恢复(40年)与人工恢复(30、40和50年)下川西高山采伐迹地,研究不同恢复途径下川西高山采伐迹地的植物群落特征。结果表明: 采伐迹地经过40年的自然恢复演替成为高山绣线菊次生灌丛,人工恢复后成为川西云杉林,与天然林群落相似性分别为极不相似(0.19)和中等不相似(0.28~0.49)。自然与人工恢复采伐迹地的灌木层物种多样性均低于天然林,而草本层高于天然林。随着恢复年限的增加,人工林胸高断面积、蓄积量、径级幅度、物种多样性指数及与天然林群落的相似性均呈现增加的趋势,而林分密度逐渐减小。人工林面临林分密度较高、结构不合理、同龄纯林和林下更新差等问题。     

雾灵山落叶阔叶林采伐迹地物种多样性和植物种群动态变化研究

在对永久样地连续５ 年定位观测的基础上,应用Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ 物种多样性和均匀度指数,研究了雾灵山落叶阔叶林采伐前后更新苗木、草本植物和灌木群落的物种多样性、群落均匀度和种群动态变化．结果表明,在林分采伐后的４ 年内,迹地上苗木的物种多样性和群落均匀度指数均高于伐前林分．从无到有并迅速繁衍的树种为山杨,伐前林分中有林木存在,但迹地上缺乏幼苗的树种为油松．灌木的物种多样性和均匀度指数呈增加趋势．始终处于优势的树种为锦带花和胡枝子,后期迅速繁衍的树种为山楂叶悬钩子．草本植物的物种多样性和群落均匀度指数均是在林分采伐后第３ 年达到最大值,第４ 年开始下降．主要草本植物种群的动态变化可归纳为８ 种类型．阳性植物充分发育,阴性或耐荫植物逐渐衰退,是草本植物种群最明显的表现．     

长白山落叶松和白桦-沼泽生态交错带群落演替规律研究

研究了长白山落叶松、白桦沼泽生态交错带群落演替规律,通过野外观测和建立斑块状态、林木蒸腾量与林木年龄的相关模型,利用相关模型定量地分析斑块和林木蒸腾量随林木年龄增长的动态变化过程,并分析了区域气候变化和群落演替的关系。探讨森林沼泽交错群落对湿地生境改造作用、湿地生境的中生化过程以及区域气候变暖对森林湿地演替的影响机制,揭示森林沼泽生态交错带群落的演替规律。结果表明,斑块宽度、高度、面积、体积随林木年龄增长均呈现三次式相关关系,林木蒸腾量随林木年龄增长呈现幂函数相关关系。落叶松、白桦沼泽交错群落经过60年左右时间发育,斑块将不断扩大,使地势平均升高0．405～0,590m;林木蒸腾量也不断增大,平均降低水位1．050～1．442m。森林湿地生境将演变为中生化的森林生境,同时,区域气候变暖与森林树种向湿地侵入存在密切关系,区域气候变暖将加快森林向湿地侵入进程,进而森林沼泽交错群落在相对较短的时间内(50～60年)将演替为森林群落。     

天童国家森林公园废弃采石场植被自然恢复早期阶段的种群动态及生物量的研究

对天童国家森林公园废弃采石场植被自然恢复早期阶段的种群动态及生物量研究表明,采石废弃地植被自然恢复早期阶段的群落种类组成非常简单,只有木荷、马尾松两个种;两种群的密度动态趋势为先升后降,最大密度分别出现在３ 龄、４ 龄;马尾松地上部分生长速度明显高于木荷;群落中马尾松总生物量是木荷的１２ 倍多,木荷分配到叶和根中的生物量比例高于马尾松,而马尾松分配到茎中的比例高于木荷．这说明在采石迹地早期演替阶段马尾松以快速生长方式在竞争中处于优势地位．对采石迹地和砍伐迹地演替早期阶段的群落特性进行了比较,并对植被有效恢复进行了讨论     

林窗模型BKPF模拟伊春地区红松针阔叶混交林采伐迹地对气候变化的潜在反应

用森林演替模型BKPF研究黑龙江省伊春地区红松针阔叶混交林采伐迹地上森林演替在未来50年气候变化和CO₂浓度增加的反应得出:伊春地区采伐迹地演替50年后红松和硬阔叶树的数量增加,落叶松、山杨与白桦减少;林分密度略有降低;林分生产力增加约7%～28%;林分地上部分总生物量增加15%～24%;叶面积指数增加约5%～8%.气候变化有利于采伐迹地阔叶红松林恢复.     

海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林采伐迹地更新群落的初步分析

 海南岛西南部热带山地雨林采伐迹地上的更新群落大多数是以闽粤栲占优势的森林植被。本文以尖峰岭为例,对热带山地雨林不同采伐方式迹地上更新的群落进行了群落数量特征、种群年龄结构的分析。同时从林业生产的角度,评定了群落的更新质量,并提出了热带山地雨林适宜的采伐方式和群落更新的抚育管理方法。     

关帝山华北落叶松天然更新种群结构与空间格局研究

华北落叶松（Larix principis—rupprechtii）是分布于华北山地半湿润地区针叶林的主要建群种之一。从种群的大小级结构、空间分布格局及动态等方面,研究了关帝山采伐迹地上华北落叶松天然更新种群的数量特征与空间格局。结果表明：（1）华北落叶松幼苗幼树缺乏,2．5cm〈DBH≤17．5cm的个体数量丰富,DBH〉17．5cm个体数量稀少,种群表现为衰退型,但华北落叶松较长的生命周期、数量丰富的中小径级个体和客观存在的林冠干扰,使得其依然可发展成为稳定的种群;（2）采伐迹地上华北落叶松幼苗幼树多为集群分布;2．5cm〈DBH≤7．5cm的林木在2m×2m的尺度下呈显著的集群分布,而随取样尺度增大,聚集性减弱,趋于随机分布;7．5cm〈DBH≤17．5cm的林木在各个取样尺度基本上呈随机分布,这与其自身的生物学特性和环境光照条件密切相关。     

苍山火烧迹地蜘蛛群落类型及多样性的量化分析

本研究以"空间序列"代替"时间序列"的研究方法以云南大理苍山地区6个不同时期的火烧迹地为基础,采用群落聚类分析和排序的方法,结合回归分析,探讨了火烧迹地的生境类型、演替历史、季节和海拔梯度对蜘蛛群落类型及多样性的影响.共采集到蜘蛛标本21942号,291种,分属于34科.聚类分析表明,火烧地蜘蛛群落总体可以分为2大群落,即落叶层-树皮下群落和地上(包括草丛、灌木和乔木层)蜘蛛群落; 生境类型是影响蜘蛛群落类型的重要因素,而演替历史对群落分类的影响也值得重视.排序分析表明,生境类型是影响火烧地蜘蛛群落的物种组成与群落结构的重要因素,这与群落的聚类分析结果是一致的.回归分析表明,演替历史、季节和生境类型明显影响火烧地蜘蛛群落的多样性.其中,影响最明显的因素是演替历史,其次是季节和生境类型.     

深圳湾福田红树林群落演替

对深圳湾福田凤塘河红树林演替过程中的群落结构、物种组成、多样性变化及演替趋势的研究结果表明:(1)演替各阶段群落均由秋茄(Kandelia candel)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)、白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及老鼠簕(Acanthus ilicifolius)5个种类组成。(2)演替早期(4 a)群落高度增长较快,之后继续保持较快增长,至17 a时趋于稳定,之后增长速度缓慢。(3)4 a和17 a的群落立木级均分布在Ⅱ级—Ⅳ级,56 a和73 a的群落立木均达到最高级Ⅴ级,该两群落立木在Ⅱ级—Ⅴ级均有分布。(4)随着演替的进展,除了73 a群落盖度较56 a群落稍有下降外,其它演替群落盖度逐渐增加;群落胸高断面积表现出与盖度一致的变化趋势;群落个体密度则逐渐下降;群落物种多样性和均匀度不断提高,群落优势度则逐渐下降;群落相似性系数的变化表明在演替过程中群落物种组成结构没有发生明显变化。(5)群落变化及演替为:秋茄+桐花树群落→秋茄群落→白骨壤+秋茄群落→白骨壤群落。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.