Cytisus purgans auct(Leguminosae-Papilionoideae comprises four distinct species)

Based on a study of the morphology and stem anatomy of a broad sample of specimens attributed to Cytisus purgans auct. non Cytisus purgans (L.) Boiss. four species are recognized. Two species are non-spiny: Cytisus oromediterraneus Rivas Martínez et at. is a widely distributed taxon ranging from central France to north-central Spain and Portugal, and C. galianoi Talavera & Gibbs, sp. nov., which is restricted to schistose sierras in south-east Spain. C. oromediterraneus has 8-ribbed stems and 2-ribbed stipular organs, whilst C. galianoi has 10-ribbed stems and 3-ribbed stipular organs. Of two spiny species, Cytisus balansae (Boiss.) Ball wkh 10-ribbed stems, occurs in calcareous mountain areas, 1800–2500 m in Algeria and southern Morocco, whilst C. valdesii Talavera & Gibbs, nom. nov. with 13-ribbed stems, occurs in die High and Middle Atlas of Morocco. Both north African species have 3-ribbed stipular organs.     

Is range expansion of introduced Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) in Denmark limited by winter cold tolerance?

Plant Ecology - Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) is a global invasive species disrupting native species and habitats in several parts of the world. Its natural distribution spans across Europe, but...     

The Natural Host Range of Beetle Species Feeding on Broom, Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (Fabaceae), in Southwest Europe

The natural host range of beetles feeding on broom ( Cytisus scoparius ) and 14 other species (including six other Cytisus species) in the tribe Genisteae was investigated at 39 sites in Spain , Portugal and France in 1989 and 1992 as part of a biological control programme for broom . Data on host - plant associations were analyzed for 36 phytophagous beetle species from 18 sites , and host records were listed for an additional 58 species . Nine species were apparently restricted to the genus Cytisus : Cryptocephalus octoguttatus, Gonioctena olivacea, Bruchidius lividimanus, B. villosus, Exapion elongatissimum, E. fuscirostre, Lepidapion sp . 1 , Polydrusus confluens and Tychius parallelus. These field records suggest a narrower host - plant range for some beetle species than laboratory host - range tests , and may assist in interpreting host - plant associations reported in the literature . Beetle species with a restricted host - plant range were rarely found on related non - host plants .     

A putative carbohydrate-binding domain of the lactosebindingCytisus sessilifolius anti-H(O) lectin has a similar amino acid sequence to that of thel-fucose-bindingUlex europaeus anti-H(O) lectin

The complete amino acid sequence of a lactose-bindingCytisus sessilifolius anti-H(O) lectin II (CSA-II) was determined using a protein sequencer. After digestion of CSA-II with endoproteinase Lys-C or Asp-N, the resulting peptides were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then subjected to sequence analysis. Comparison of the complete amino acid sequence of CSA-II with the sequences of other leguminous seed lectins revealed regions of extensive homology. The amino acid sequence of a putative carbohydrate-binding domain of CSA-II was found to be similar to those of several anti-H(O) leguminous lectins, especially to that of thel-fucose-bindingUlex europaeus lectin I (UEA-I).Abbreviations BPA Bauhinia purpurea lectin - Con A concanavalin A - CMA-I Cytisus multiflorus lectin I - CMA-II Cytisus multiflorus lectin II - CSA-I Cytisus sessilifolius lectin I - CSA-II Cytisus sessilifolius lectin II - CSII Cytisus scoparius lectin II - ECorL Erythrina corallodendron lectin - GSIV Griffonia simplicifolia lectin IV - HPLC high performance liquid chromatography - LAA-I Laburnum alpinum lectin I - LAA-II Laburnum alpinum lectin II - LOL Lathyrus ochrus lectin - LTA Lotus tetragonolobus lectin - MAH Maackia amurensis haemagglutinin - PSA Pisum sativum lectin - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate - TFA trifluoroacetic acid - UEA-I Ulex europaeus lectin I - UEA-II Ulex europaeus lectin II - VFA Vicia faba lectin     

五味子属（五味子科）分类系统的初步修订

通过对前人提出的五味子属（五味子科）分类系统的点评,根据五味子属植物的33个形态性状及其性状分析,经过分支分析,提出一个新的五味子属分类系统：将五味子属分为五味子亚属和团蕊五味子亚属;将五味子亚属分为多蕊五味子组、少蕊五味子组、中华五味子组和五味子组。编排了分亚属、组和种的检索表,对每个种上分类等级均列出其模式、异名和代表种。     

Crepis novoana (Asteraceae), a new species restricted to coastal cliffs in northern Galicia (northwest Iberian Peninsula)

A new species of the section Lepidoseris (Rchb.) Benth. of the genus Crepis L. (Asteraceae) is described. The new species is restricted to a single known locality on near-vertical coastal cliffs of the Ria de Cedeira in northern Galicia (northwest Iberian Peninsula). Morphometric characters permitting discrimination from the most similar taxa are detailed, and possible phylogenetic relationships with other species of the section Lepidoseris (particularly those of the C. vesicaria complex) are discussed.     

Astragalus sect. Trachycercis (Fabaceae) in Iran

A diagnostic key, and new data are provided for seven species of Astragalus sect. Trachycercis , which occur within the area covered by the Flora of Iran. Astragalus brevipedunculatus Ranjbar is described as new, and A. armeniacus Boiss. is reported as new for the flora of Iran. The micromorphology of the seed coat surface of ten Astragalus taxa has been studied by SEM. Considerably different types of sculpturing at species level and similarities between related taxa were observed. In addition, differences between A . sect. Trachycercis and the closely related sections A . sect. Erioceras and A. sect. Wettsteiniana are discussed. Astragalus durandianus , A. pseudoshebarensis and A. shebarensis , which all have strongly inflated pods, are transferred from A . sect. Erioceras to A. sect. Wettsteiniana. Astragalus brevipedunculatus sp. nov., described from a small region near Aras River in Iran, is the only geographically isolated species of the section. Members of the section prefer habitats from coastal dune climates of the Azarbaijan Sharqi Province to the Armenian and Azarbaijan frontiers, although possibly also growing in the adjacent southern parts of Armenia and Azarbaijan. Astragalus brevipedunculatus sp. nov. is the only species of the section in Iran and neighboring countries that has few pairs of leaflets and is completely glabrous. The new species should be considered as a 'Critically Endangered' (CR) following the IUCN criteria. A distribution map for A. brevipedunculatus and A. armeniacus is presented.     

Karyological and taxonomic notes on Cytisus Desf. Sect. Spartopsis Dumort. and Sect. Alburnoides DC. (Genisteae, Leguminosae) from the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco

Karyological information on Cytisus species indicates at least two chromosome numbers for most of the taxa. This instability is, a striking karyological feature of Cytisus . Chromosome numbers of taxa in Sect. Spartopsis and Sect. Alburnoides, both well represented in Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula, are presented here. We provide the first data on chromosome numbers for the Moroccan taxa: C. grandiflorus subsp. barbarus , and subsp. haplophyllus (n = 23, 2 n = 46) , C. maurus (2 n = 48), C. megalanthus ( n = 23), C. arboreus subsp. arboreus , subsp. baeticus , and subsp. catalaunicus (2 n = 50), C. valdesii ( n = 23 ). New populations from the Iberian Peninsula have been counted: C. grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus (2 n = 46), C. scoparius subsp. scoparius ( n = 23) , C. striatus subsp. eriocarpus ( n = 23, 2 n = 46), C. multiflorus (n = 23), C. oromediterraneus ( n = 23, 24). Our data confirm the instability of the chromosome number in Cytisus . The presence of B chromosomes in C. valdesii and C. megalanthus , as well in other species, is discussed in relation to this instability and previous data. We suggest that instability of the chromosome number within a taxon, and even in the same population, may be related to the breakage of A chromosomes and the appearance of B chromosomes.     

Addition and reexamination of Japanese species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera. IX. Newly recorded species from Japan (4)

Pseudocercospora cyatheae C. Nakash. & S. Inaba on Cyathea sp. as a new species is described. Three species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera are newly added to the mycoflora of Japan. They are Cercospora armoraciae on Armoracia rusticana, Passalora passaloroides on Amorpha fruticosa, and Pseudocercospora nogalesii on Cytisus scoparius.     

Pollinators exert positive selection on flower size on urban,but not on rural Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius L. Link)

Aims Adaptive evolution of invasive species is both particularly exciting for the evolutionary biologist and worrisome for those interested in controlling or halting spread. Invasive species often have a distinct timeline and well-recorded population expansion. As invaders encounter new environments, they undergo rapid adaptive evolution. Our aim in this study was to measure variation of floral size in the invasive shrub Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) and measure natural selection by pollinators on that trait. Past research has found that this invasive plant is pollinator limited in Washington State and that declines in pollinator populations can contribute to local extinction in another invaded range (New Zealand). This plant is pollinated by both native and introduced species of bees, representing a broad range of pollinator sizes. Cytisus scoparius has a flower structure that is highly conducive to studies on pollinator choice, even in the absence of direct pollinator observations.Methods We surveyed urban and rural sites in and around the city of Olympia in Washington State. Measuring banner width, we were able to show that flower size varies substantially between plants but minimally within plants. By measuring the proportion of flowers that were 'tripped', we could determine pollinator visitation rates and thus determine the level of selection due to pollinator choice alone.Important findings We found that C. scoparius is under natural selection by pollinators for increased flower size. However, such positive natural selection was only seen in urban populations although it was consistent across two flowering seasons. Rural populations of Scotch broom do not appear to be under selection on flower size. The natural selection by pollinators on broom flowers could result in adaptive evolution into a new pollination niche by an invading species. A higher level of variation in broom flowers seen here than seen in previous works in native regions suggests that C. scoparius may be highly diverse and primed for adaptive evolution.     

Infrageneric classification of the genus Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae)

The genus Gaultheria has been classified into ten sections (one with two subsections) and 22 series of which five are new combinations and 21 are new taxa. Seven of these sections are composed primarily of solitary flowered species and the other three sections of racemose species. About half of the species of the genus are included in section Brossaea. A summary of the classification is here presented.     

铁线莲属黄花铁线莲组修订

对毛茛科铁线莲属Clematis的黄花铁线莲组sect. Meclatis进行了全面修订, 确定此属含13种和13变种(包括1新变种和2新变种等级); 写出了此组的分类学简史和地理分布, 并对其在铁线莲属中的系统位置和组内诸种的亲缘关系进行了讨论; 还写出了此组的分种、分变种检索表, 以及各种植物的形态描述、地理分布、生长环境等, 并附有各种的插图。此组的花构造与对枝铁线莲组sect. Brachiatae的近似, 与后者在亲缘关系上相近, 区别在于此组的萼片通常斜上方开展, 呈黄色, 被毛的花丝下部变宽, 呈狭披针形, 而在对枝铁线莲组, 萼片水平开展, 呈白色, 被毛的雄蕊花丝呈狭条形, 下部不变宽; 二组可能均起源于欧洲铁线莲组的sect. Clematis subsect. Clematis, 因此, 均应是隶属欧洲铁线莲亚属subgen. Clematis的成员。根据对此组植物形态特征的分析, 观察到以下演化趋势: (1)叶的颜色由于适应干旱气候, 由绿色变为灰绿色; (2)卵形或宽卵形、掌状分裂、边缘具齿的小叶可能是原始的特征, 而披针形或条形、不分裂、全缘的小叶是衍生的特征; (3)单独、顶生、只是花梗的花是由具花序梗和二苞片的聚伞花序发生减化(reduction)而衍生的; (4)萼片形状的演化趋势与小叶形状的演化趋势近似, 也由卵形演变到披针形或条形; (5)萼片内面无毛是原始现象, 而被毛则是衍生现象; (6)萼片顶端无突起是原始现象, 出现突起则为衍生现象; (7)花药形状由长圆形演变到狭长圆形和条形。根据上述演化趋势, 推测具较多原始特征的甘川铁线莲C. akebioides和甘青铁线莲C. tangutica为此组的原始种, 而具较多衍生特征的尾尖铁线莲C. caudigera和角萼铁线莲C. corniculata为此组的进化种。组成世界屋脊的青藏高原西缘、帕米尔高原和邻近山地集中分布有此组10种(包括7特有种), 当是此组的分布中心; 而甘川铁线莲和甘青铁线莲二种分布区的主要重叠部分所在的青藏高原东缘则可能是此组的起源中心。过去,一些铁线莲属专家将属于欧洲铁线莲组的C. ispahanica Boiss.和属于对枝铁线莲组的C. graveolens Lindl.误置于黄花铁线莲组中, 对此, 本文予以纠正。     

Taxonomic study of Astragalus sect Erioceras (Fabaceae) in Iran Additional notes and key to the species

A key to and new findings on the Astragalus sect. Erioceras, are given for the 10 species of this section, which occur within the area covered by the flora of Iran. One species, Astragalus neo-sytinii , is described as a new species. A. sympileicarpus is reported as a new record for the flora of Iran. A. viridis is transferred from A. sect. Erioceras to sect. Xiphidium Sect. Acantherioceras is reduced to the level of subsection. The differences between that section and closely related sections are discussed.     

Megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and ontogeny of the aril in Cytisus striatus and C. multiflorus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are few embryological reports on wild legumes and even fewer on their seminal appendages. There are no existing studies on the complete ontogeny of these appendages in Cytiseae, a very important Papilionoideae tribe in Mediterranean ecosystems. In this work megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and aril ontogeny were studied in Cytisus multiflorus and C. striatus, endemics from the western Mediterranean region. METHODS: Ovaries and ovules from flower buds, flowers at anthesis and hand cross-pollinated flowers were sectioned with a rotary microtome and studied under light and fluorescence microscopy. KEY RESULTS: A monosporic Polygonum-type of megagametogenesis is observed in both species but with megasporogenesis characterized by formation of a triad of cells after incomplete meiosis. The original cell wall of the megaspore mother cell and triad, including the transverse walls between the latter, are surrounded by a callose layer that isolates them from the surrounding diploid tissue; this callose layer gradually disappears during embryo sac formation. There are no antipodals in the mature embryo sac. Aril ontogeny starts in pre-anthesis with the formation of the aril primordium, and its normal development will occur only after fertilization, more specifically after endosperm initiation. After fertilization, a reactivation of meristem capacity takes place in the aril cells resulting in slow and sparse growth. Later, this type of development gradually decreases but the aril cells continue to grow by cell expansion, which in the last period of seed development is the only type of growth of the aril. In the mature seed, the seminal appendage acquires an irregular U-shape in transverse section, showing vacuolated cells with a large central vacuole that stores lipids and some proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Meiotic triad formation is due to a failure in meiosis II of the chalazal cell of the dyad. In Cytisus seeds the aril has a funicular origin with predominantly post-fertilization development, but a normal growth of the endosperm is needed for proper aril development.     

A new species of Oxytropis (Baicalia) (Leguminosae) from Shanxi Province in China

A new species of Oxytropis (Leguminosae) from Shanxi Province in China, O. shanxiensis, is described and illustrated. The new species is close to O. bicolor (section Baicalia) and shares the verticillate and opposite leaflets and glandular hairs of that species, but differs in having leaflets and wings rounded at apex, beak of keel-petals ca.l.0 mm long, and ovary subglabrous.     

A taxonomic revision of the genus Tordylium L. (Apiaceae)

The four related genera: Ainsworthia Boiss., Tordylium L., Synelcosciadium Boiss. and Mandenovia Alava are revised. Data are presented from detailed gross morphology, mericarp surface features and anatomy, and palynology.
The results show: (1) Ainsmorthia and Synelcosciadium are congeneric with the genus Tordylium, and that Mandenovia is a good monotypic genus; (2) Tordylium persicum is synonymous with 7. cappadocicum and 7. aegaeum with 7. pestalozzae; (3) the genus Tordylium is best divided into subgenus Tordylium (including Synelcosciadium) and subgenus Ainsworthia (Boiss.) Drude. The latter is divided into section Condylocarpus (Hoffm.) DC, section Hasselquistia (L.) Boiss. and section Univittata Drude.
A new species of Tordylium is described, and two new combinations made. A taxonomic treatment of the genus 'Tordylium', together with a key to the species, is given.     

兰科盆距兰属（Gastrochilus）植物的修订

本文对盆距兰属（Ｇａｓｔｒｏｃｈｉｌｕｓ）植物作了修订,共分３个组,含４６种和１变种,其中１个组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃａｅｓｐｉｔｏｓｉ）和８个种（Ｇ．ｃａｒｎｓｕｓ,Ｇ．ｇａｒｈｗａｌｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｌｉｎｅａｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ,Ｇ．ｇｕａｎｇｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｓｕｂｐａｐｉｌｌｏｓｕｓ,Ｇ．ｎａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｓａｃｃａｔｕｓａｎｄＧ．ｇｏｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）为新的,首次在本文作了描述报导。本属属的形态特征,研究历史和订正后属下的分类群检索表,种的文献引证、简短的特征记要和地理分布以及在属中被排除的分类单位索引均提供在本文。     

Astragalus sect. Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Iran, complementary notes with a key to the species

Astragalus zarreianus. is described and illustrated from Iran. It belongs to section Astragalus. This new species confined to western part of Iran (Prov. Illam) from only one location. A key to the species of the section known from Iran is prepared. Differences between the section and the closely related sections are discussed. On the basis of some important trends, an informal grouping is undertaken for yellow flower Astragali. Moreover, A. pseudo-orthocarpus is considered as a valid species in this treatment and differences with its closest relatives are described.     

A new species of Betula section Betulaster (Betulaceae) from China

A new species of Betulaceae, Betula fujianensis , is described and illustrated from Luoboyan Reserve, Fujian Province, south-eastern China. Betula fujianensis is distributed in subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest at elevations above 500 m, mostly as scattered individuals and occasionally as populations alone or with B. luminifera . Betula fujianensis belongs to section Betulaster and differs from other species in general morphology and phenology. A key to all species currently recognized in this section is presented, and the relationships between the new species and its closely related taxa are discussed.  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 156 , 523–528.