深松轮耕模式对黄土旱塬春玉米土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响

秸秆覆盖深松耕能保护土壤并调节土壤结构,但长期连续深松并不能获得持续增产与培肥土壤效果。为实现持续培肥增产的目的,于2007—2016年在黄土旱塬区连作春玉米田进行了深松轮耕长期定位试验,设置免耕/翻耕/深松(NT/CT/ST)与深松/翻耕(ST/CT)轮耕处理,并以连续深松(ST)为对照,对比分析不同耕作模式对土壤理化性质和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:与ST相比,NT/CT/ST处理机械稳定性团聚体(DR_0.25)和水稳定性团聚体(WR_0.25)较ST分别显著增加9.2%和21.9%,团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)显著增加;ST/CT处理WR_0.25显著增加了11.9%。在0～20 cm土层,NT/CT/ST和ST/CT处理土壤容重较ST分别显著降低7.0%和11.5%,土壤孔隙度分别增加8.4%和13.9%;在20～40 cm土层,ST/CT处理土壤容重增加了6.9%,土壤孔隙度降低了5.7%。NT/CT/ST比ST显著增加了土壤全氮和有机质含量,但降低了土壤全磷和全钾含量。NT/CT/ST处理玉米籽粒产量多年平均值较ST/CT和ST分别提高4.8%和10.2%。DR_0.25、WR_0.25、土壤全氮、有机碳含量均与产量呈显著正相关,说明深松轮耕模式提高了DR_0.25、WR_0.25、土壤全氮、有机碳含量,有利于玉米籽粒产量提高。综合考虑土壤肥力和玉米产量,NT/CT/ST处理有利于培肥土壤,提高土壤结构稳定性,并且可获得较高的玉米产量,为推荐轮耕模式。     

不同耕作方式下长期秸秆还田对旱作春玉米田土壤碳、氮、水含量及产量的影响

为了探索渭北旱塬春玉米田保护性轮耕模式的土壤培肥效果和增产增收效应,于2007—2014年在陕西合阳实施了秸秆覆盖或还田条件下免耕/深松(NT/ST)、深松/翻耕(ST/CT)、翻耕/免耕(CT/NT)、连续免耕(NT)、连续深松(ST)和连续翻耕(CT)等6种耕作处理田间定位试验,测定并分析了2010—2014年玉米收获期各耕作处理下0～60 cm土壤有机碳、氮储量,0～200 cm土层土壤含水量变化及春玉米产量差异.结果表明: 6种耕作处理中以NT/ST处理增加土壤有机碳和全氮储量最为明显.与2007年试验前相比,6种耕作处理均增加了0～60 cm土层土壤有机碳储量,5年平均值增幅为12.3%～28.3%,5种保护性耕作处理土壤有机碳储量5年平均值较CT对照处理显著增加7.1%～13.2%.NT/ST、ST/CT、CT/NT等3种轮耕处理和NT处理0～60 cm土层土壤氮储量5年平均值较试验前增加2.5%～7.3%.NT/ST、ST/CT、CT/NT、NT和ST处理土壤氮储量5年平均值比连续翻耕增加3.6%～11.1%.5种保护性耕作处理土壤含水量较CT处理依次增加5.7%、2.3%、2.0%、5.5%和4.4%,以NT/ST处理土壤含水量最高.6种耕作处理春玉米平均产量表现为NT/ST>ST/CT>ST >NT>CT/NT>CT,以NT/ST处理最高,分别较其他5种处理显著增产4.2%、13.0%、11.3%、4.7%和13.8%;经济效益平均表现为NT/ST>ST/CT>ST>NT>CT/NT>CT.在6种耕作处理中,免耕/深松轮耕处理在改善土壤环境质量、提升土壤肥力和增产增收方面都表现出优越性,为旱作春玉米田较适宜的土壤轮耕模式.     

耕作方式对甘肃引黄灌区灌耕灰钙土团聚体分布及稳定性的影响

2014—2017年在连续翻耕8年的玉米地上设置连续翻耕(CT)、旋耕(RT)、深松(ST)、免耕(NT)和翻耕-免耕(CT-NT)、深松-免耕(ST-NT)6个耕作处理,研究不同耕作方式对甘肃引黄灌区灌耕灰钙土团聚体分布及稳定性的影响.结果表明: NT和ST-NT处理促进了0～40 cm土层大团聚体形成,并提高了其稳定性;CT和RT处理由于对土壤的强烈扰动,耕层土壤团聚体大小分布和稳定性都显著降低.机械稳定性团聚体以NT处理最佳,＞0.25 mm团聚体含量(R_0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)分别比RT处理增加5.8%、8.0%和13.0%,分形维数(D)降低3.6%.水稳性团聚体以ST-NT处理最佳,R_0.25、MWD、GMD分别增加55.3%、15.1%和8.7%,D值降低0.8%.NT、ST-NT处理的团聚体破坏率(PAD)和不稳定团粒指数(E_LT)也最低,PAD分别比RT处理降低了5.9%和7.7%,E_LT分别降低了5.8%和7.2%.综合分析认为,深松-免耕(ST-NT)的轮耕模式更有利于土壤团聚体含量和稳定性的增加,也符合当地农民的操作习惯,是比较理想的耕作方式,在该区域农业可持续发展中具有一定的应用价值.     

渭北旱作麦田长期保护性耕作土壤肥力特征综合评价

以渭北旱作麦田10年长期定位试验4种土壤物理指标和7种化学指标组成的土壤肥力性质为评价指标,研究长期实施6种保护性耕作处理后11种土壤指标的累积效应,并运用主成分分析对不同耕作处理下土壤肥力的累积效果进行综合评分,以期为渭北旱塬土壤可持续利用和管理提供科学依据.结果表明: 与传统连续翻耕(CT/CT)比较,免耕与深松轮耕(NT/ST)、深松与翻耕轮耕(ST/CT)、翻耕与免耕轮耕(CT/NT)处理土壤容重分别降低了6.6%、5.9%、6.6%,连续免耕(NT/NT)与连续翻耕差异不明显.>0.25 mm力稳性团聚体含量以NT/NT最高,水稳性团聚体含量以NT/ST最高.与传统翻耕相比,5种耕作处理力稳性团聚体增加了1.7%～10.1%,土壤有机质增加了0.6%～11.2%,氮、磷、钾含量也均有提高.通过主成分分析将11种土壤指标分为两个主成分综合表征土壤质量,第1主成分的贡献率为75.5%,在其上有较高载荷的指标为土壤有机质、水稳性团聚体、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,容重、孔隙度,第2主成分的贡献率为13.2%,力稳性团聚体在其上有较高载荷,两者共解释了88.6%的原变量.长期不同耕作效果逐渐累加形成的土壤肥力水平依次表现为:NT/ST>ST/CT>CT/NT>NT/NT>ST/ST>CT/CT,NT/ST处理形成了一个相对平衡和较高肥力质量的土壤状况,为渭北旱作麦田最适宜的轮耕模式.     

轮耕与施肥对渭北旱作玉米田土壤团聚体和有机碳含量的影响

2007—2012年在陕西合阳连作玉米田进行保护性轮耕与施肥长期定位试验,设置免耕/深松(NT-ST)、深松/翻耕(ST-CT)和翻耕/免耕(CT-NT)3种隔年交替轮耕处理和连续免耕(NT-NT)、连续深松(ST-ST)、连续翻耕(CT-CT)3种连耕处理及平衡施肥、低肥和常规施肥3种施肥处理,分析了0～40 cm土壤团聚体分布、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、分形维数(D)及0～60 cm土壤有机碳(SOC)含量.结果表明: 随着耕作强度的增加,土壤团聚体总含量减小,稳定性降低,有机碳损失增大;连续免耕和轮耕增大了土壤团聚体MWD和GMD,减小分形维数,增加了粒径大于0.25 mm团聚体(R_0.25)和SOC含量.在相同施肥处理下,团聚体R_0.25表现为NT-NT>NT-ST>NT-CT>ST-ST>CT-ST>CT-CT;在相同耕作方式下,平衡施肥和低肥处理下土壤团聚体比常规施肥更稳定.通过对土壤团聚体分形维数进行数学拟合,干筛法和湿筛法所测土壤团聚体的分形维数分别为2.247～2.681和2.897～2.976. 0～30 cm土层土壤团聚体分形维数均表现为连续免耕和轮耕显著低于连续翻耕(CT-CT),随土层加深分形维数增大,在40 cm处趋于稳定.施肥对不同土层有机碳含量的影响差异显著(P<0.05),随土层加深有机碳含量呈递减趋势,平衡施肥处理下有机碳积累量较常规施肥增加了6.9%.土壤有机碳含量随团聚体粒径的增大而增加,0.25～2 mm粒径土壤团聚体含量对有机碳积累的影响达到显著水平(P<0.01),确定系数R²为0.848.     

夏闲期轮耕对小麦田土壤水分及产量的影响

2007-2010年在宁南旱区研究了夏闲期免耕/深松/免耕(T1)、深松/免耕/深松(T2)、连年翻耕(CT)3种耕作方式对麦田土壤水分及产量的影响.结果表明:经过3年夏闲期T1和T2处理后,农田土壤蓄水效率平均分别较连年翻耕处理提高15.2％和26.5％;T1和T2处理的降水潜在利用率较高,分别达到37.8％和38.5％,降水生产效率平均分别较连年翻耕处理提高9.9％和10.7％.夏闲期轮耕能显著降低休闲期的土壤无效蒸发,有效保蓄小麦生长期的土壤水分.在冬小麦生长前期,T1和T2处理0～200 cm土层土壤水分平均分别较连年翻耕处理增加6.8％和9.4％;在拔节-抽穗-灌浆期,与连年翻耕处理相比,两处理可显著提高0 ～ 200 cm土层土壤蓄水量,对作物产量的贡献率较高.不同轮耕模式在增加作物耗水量的同时也提高了作物产量及水分利用效率,与CT处理相比,3年T1和T2处理作物耗水量平均分别提高5.2％和6.1％,产量分别增加9.9％和10.6％,作物水分生产效率分别提高4.5％和4.3％.相关分析表明,在干旱缺水的宁南地区,冬小麦播种期、拔节-抽穗-灌浆期的土壤蓄水量可显著影响产量,尤其抽穗期的土壤蓄水量对产量的影响更大.     

轮耕对关中一年两熟区土壤物理性状和冬小麦根系生长的影响

针对关中地区土壤连续单一耕作存在的主要问题,进行了土壤轮耕效应研究。2009年至2012年在关中一年两熟区采用连续4a旋耕(RT)、翻耕-免耕-翻耕-免耕(PNT)和深松-免耕-深松-免耕(SNT)3种耕作处理,对土壤容重、紧实度及小麦根系生长进行了研究。结果表明,与试验前相比,夏玉米收获后(2013年10月)两种轮耕处理显著(P0.05)降低了0—10、10—20 cm土壤容重,旋耕处理在0—10 cm处差异不显著,而10—20 cm土壤容重显著增大;与旋耕处理相比,两种轮耕处理0—10、10—20 cm土壤容重在第4季冬小麦整个生育期内变异系数较小,土壤紧实度较低,且改善效果在冬小麦生育中后期10—20 cm土层体现更为显著;旋耕处理0—10、10—20 cm土壤紧实度与含水量均呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.89、-0.85,两种轮耕处理相关性不显著;0—40 cm土层根重密度和根系活力表现为:两种轮耕处理连年旋耕。可见,长期旋耕后进行轮耕(免耕与翻耕、深松)有利于改善土壤物理状况,促进作物根系生长。     

不同耕作方式和秸秆还田对麦田土壤有机碳含量的影响

通过两个生长季试验,研究了不同耕作方式和秸秆还田及其交互效应对小麦全生育期0～20 cm土壤有机碳含量的影响.结果表明：小麦不同生育时期0～20 cm土层有机碳含量呈明显的动态变化;秸秆还田各处理的有机碳含量都高于无秸秆还田处理;保护性耕作措施土壤有机碳增加量显著高于传统翻耕.除传统翻耕处理外,各处理0～10 cm土层的有机碳含量都高于10～20 cm土层,秸秆还田各处理0～10 cm土层有机碳含量表现为深松(PS)＞旋耕(PR)＞免耕(PZ)＞耙耕(PH)＞传统翻耕(PC),而10～20 cm土层表现为传统翻耕(PC)＞深松(PS)＞旋耕(PR)＞耙耕(PH)＞免耕(PZ),说明保护性耕作措施能提高0～10 cm土层的有机碳含量.多因素方差分析表明：耕作因素、秸秆因素和两者交互效应在不同生育期对0～20 cm土层的有机碳含量都有显著影响.     

不同降水年型下耕作方式结合覆盖对旱地土壤物理性质和马铃薯产量的影响

2018—2021年连续3年在宁夏南部旱作区开展大田定位试验,设置4种耕作方式(翻耕15 cm、深松30 cm、深松40 cm、深松50 cm)和3种覆盖措施(燕麦秸秆覆盖、塑料地膜覆盖、不覆盖),以翻耕15 cm不覆盖处理为对照,探讨不同降水年型下耕作方式结合覆盖对旱地土壤容重、团聚体含量、生育期土壤蓄水量和马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明：与试验处理前相比,3年耕作结合覆盖均能有效降低0～60 cm土层土壤容重;同一耕作方式下,不同降水年型均以秸秆覆盖最佳;丰水年20、40 cm土层以深松30 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳,60 cm土层以翻耕15 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳,平水年和枯水年20、40、60 cm土层均以深松40 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳。在0～20 cm土层,>0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量3年均以深松40 cm覆盖秸秆处理最高;20～40 cm土层,丰水年以翻耕15 cm覆盖秸秆处理最高,平水年和枯水年以深松40 cm覆盖秸秆处理最高;在40～60 cm土层,丰水年、平水年、枯水年分别以翻耕15 cm覆盖地膜处理、深松30 cm覆盖地膜处理、深松30 cm覆盖秸秆处理最高,较对照分...     

不同耕作方式下草甸栗钙土燕麦田土壤微生物特征

河北坝上地区高寒半干旱的独特生态环境,土地沙化风蚀严重,作物产量低,土壤微生物的活动尚未有深入研究,尤其是人为干扰下的土壤微生物在作物生长季的动态变化。为了明确耕作方式对草甸栗钙土土壤微生物性状的影响特征,依托定位12a的免耕、深松、常规耕作田间试验基础,通过辅助设置12a免耕、深松后的翻耕处理,监测了燕麦田土壤微生物量碳、活跃微生物量和土壤呼吸速率等性状。结果表明,土壤微生物量碳与活跃微生物量围绕燕麦抽穗期为"W型"时序变化,长期免耕与深松下呈现0—10 cm表层土壤富集微生物量碳的空间分布特征。免耕与深松有利于提高0—10 cm土层土壤微生物量,多年免耕和深松后翻耕能使土层间土壤活跃微生物量差异减小。燕麦田土壤呼吸速率呈现"U型"时序变化,免耕0—10 cm土层呼吸速率具有较其他耕作方式更高的趋势。在燕麦生育期内,土壤呼吸商一直处于较低而平稳的水平,燕麦收获后进入土壤微生物的高活性期;0—10 cm土层翻耕与多年免耕与深松后的翻耕处理土壤呼吸商有高于免耕处理的趋势。翻耕对于促进冷凉区土壤库存养分的活化与适时供应具有重要作用。     

不同耕作措施对冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作系统土壤有机碳和水分利用效率的影响

在连续8年田间定位试验的基础上,分析了关中平原冬小麦 夏玉米复种连作系统2008—2009年连续两个生长季期间不同耕作措施(结合秸秆还田和不还田)对土壤有机碳和水分利用率的影响.结果表明: 相对于传统耕作,保护性耕作有利于土壤有机碳、水分利用效率和作物产量的提高,其中在“深松+秸秆还田”耕作模式下的增幅最高,土壤有机碳含量在0～30 cm土层增幅达到19.5%,水分利用效率和作物产量提高了16.9%和20.5%,而免耕模式则有效提高了0～10 cm土层有机碳含量.在该地区土壤和气候条件下,深松结合秸秆粉碎还田是最理想的耕作模式,最有利于土壤有机碳累积,并提高水分利用效率和作物产量.     

Effects of Conservation Tillage on Topsoil Microbial Metabolic Characteristics and Organic Carbon within Aggregates under a Rice (Oryza sativa L.) –Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cropping System in Central China

Investigating microbial metabolic characteristics and soil organic carbon (SOC) within aggregates and their relationships under conservation tillage may be useful in revealing the mechanism of SOC sequestration in conservation tillage systems. However, limited studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between SOC and microbial metabolic characteristics within aggregate fractions under conservation tillage. We hypothesized that close relationships can exist between SOC and microbial metabolic characteristics within aggregates under conservation tillage. In this study, a field experiment was conducted from June 2011 to June 2013 following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices [conventional intensive tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT)] as main plots and straw returning methods [preceding crop residue returning (S, 2100−2500 kg C ha⁻¹) and removal (NS, 0 kg C ha^-1)] as subplots with three replications. The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of tillage practices and residue-returning methods on topsoil microbial metabolic characteristics and organic carbon (SOC) fractions within aggregates and their relationships under a rice–wheat cropping system in central China. Microbial metabolic characteristics investigated using the Biolog system was examined within two aggregate fractions (>0.25 and <0.25 mm). NT treatments significantly increased SOC concentration of bulk soil, >0.25 aggregate, and <0.25 mm aggregate in the 0−5 cm soil layer by 5.8%, 6.8% and 7.9% relative to CT treatments, respectively. S treatments had higher SOC concentration of bulk soil (12.9%), >0.25 mm aggregate (11.3%), and <0.25 mm aggregate (14.1%) than NS treatments. Compared with CT treatments, NT treatments increased MBC by 11.2%, 11.5%, and 20%, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration by 15.5%, 29.5%, and 14.1% of bulk soil, >0.25 mm aggregate, and <0.25 mm aggregate in the 0−5 cm soil layer, respectively. Compared with NS treatments, S treatments significantly increased MBC by 29.8%, 30.2%, and 24.1%, and DOC concentration by 23.2%, 25.0%, and 37.5% of bulk soil, >0.25 mm aggregate, and <0.25 mm aggregate in the 0−5 cm soil layer, respectively. Conservation tillage (NT and S) increased microbial metabolic activities and Shannon index in >0.25 and <0.25 mm aggregates in the 0−5 cm soil layer. Redundancy analysis showed that the SOC and its fractions (DOC and MBC) were closely correlated with microbial metabolic activities. Structural equation modelling showed that the increase in microbial metabolic activities directly improved SOC by promoting DOC in >0.25 mm aggregate in the upper (0−5 cm) soil layer under conservation tillage systems, as well as directly and indirectly by promoting DOC and MBC in <0.25 mm aggregate. Our results suggested that conservation tillage increased SOC in aggregates in the topsoil by improving microbial metabolic activities.     

保护性耕作对农田土壤水分和冬小麦产量的影响

保护性耕作是提高土壤蓄水保墒能力并增加作物产量的重要农艺措施之一.基于河南省长期定位试验2011-2016年数据,分析不同耕作措施(传统耕作、免耕和深松处理)对土壤水分、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明: 2011-2016年免耕和深松耕作处理下冬小麦拔节期平均相对保墒率分别为7.3%和-0.68%,且免耕较传统耕作显著提高了冬小麦拔节期0～60 cm土壤贮水量.与传统耕作相比,免耕提高了冬小麦拔节期、扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期0～100 cm土壤平均含水量,而深松耕作并未明显提高冬小麦拔节期土壤平均含水量.此外,免耕较传统耕作能够显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,尤其在较干旱年份其增产效果更优.因此,免耕的蓄水保墒及增产效果在较干旱年份明显优于深松耕作.     

Dryland residue and soil organic matter as influenced by tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice

Novel management practices are needed to increase dryland soil organic matter and crop yields that have been declining due to long-term conventional tillage with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow system in the northern Great Plains, USA. The effects of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice were evaluated on dryland crop biomass (stems + leaves) yield, surface residue, and soil organic C (SOC) and total N (STN) at the 0?C20?cm depth in a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid, Typic Argiustolls) from 2004 to 2007 in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were two tillage practices [no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)], four crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (CW), spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (W-P), spring wheat-barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) hay-pea (W-B-P), and spring wheat-barley hay-corn (Zea mays L.)-pea (W-B-C-P)], and two cultural practices [regular (conventional seed rates and plant spacing, conventional planting date, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height) and ecological (variable seed rates and plant spacing, delayed planting, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height)]. Crop biomass and N content were 4 to 44% greater in W-B-C-P than in CW in 2004 and 2005 and greater in ecological than in regular cultural practice in CT. Soil surface residue amount and C and N contents were greater in NT than in CT, greater in CW, W-P, and W-B-C-P than in W-B-P, and greater in 2006 and 2007 than in 2004 and 2005. The SOC and STN concentrations at 0?C5?cm were 4 to 6% greater in CW than in W-P or W-B-P in NT and CT from 2005 and 2007. In 2007, SOC content at 10?C20?cm was greater in W-P and W-B-P than in W-B-C-P in CT but STN was greater in W-B-P and W-B-C-P than in CW in NT. From 2004 to 2007, SOC and STN concentrations varied at 0?C5?cm but increased at 5?C20?cm. Diversified crop rotation and delayed planting with higher seed rates and banded N fertilization increased the amount of crop biomass returned to the soil and surface residue C and N. Although no-tillage increased surface residue C and N, continuous nonlegume cropping increased soil C and N levels at the surface layer compared with other crop rotations. Continued return of crop residue from 2004 to 2007 may increase soil C and N levels but long-term studies are needed to better evaluate the effect of management practices on soil C and N levels under dryland cropping systems in the northern Great Plains.     

Soil Aggregates and Associated Organic Matter under Conventional Tillage,No-Tillage,and Forest Succession after Three Decades

Impacts of land use on soil organic C (SOC) are of interest relative to SOC sequestration and soil sustainability. The role of aggregate stability in SOC storage under contrasting land uses has been of particular interest relative to conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) agriculture. This study compares soil structure and SOC fractions at the 30-yr-old Horseshoe Bend Agroecosystem Experiment (HSB). This research is unique in comparing NT and CT with adjacent land concurrently undergoing forest succession (FS) and in sampling to depths (15–28 cm) previously not studied at HSB. A soil moving experiment (SME) was also undertaken to monitor 1-yr changes in SOC and aggregation. After 30 years, enhanced aggregate stability under NT compared to CT was limited to a depth of 5 cm, while enhanced aggregate stability under FS compared to CT occurred to a depth of 28 cm and FS exceeded NT from 5–28 cm. Increases in SOC concentrations generally followed the increases in stability, except that no differences in SOC concentration were observed from 15–28 cm despite greater aggregate stability. Land use differences in SOC were explained equally by differences in particulate organic carbon (POC) and in silt-clay associated fine C. Enhanced structural stability of the SME soil was observed under FS and was linked to an increase of 1 Mg SOC ha⁻¹ in 0–5 cm, of which 90% could be attributed to a POC increase. The crushing of macroaggregates in the SME soil also induced a 10% reduction in SOC over 1 yr that occurred under all three land uses from 5–15 cm. The majority of this loss was in the fine C fraction. NT and FS ecosystems had greater aggregation and carbon storage at the soil surface but only FS increased aggregation below the surface, although in the absence of increased carbon storage.     

不同耕作措施对伊犁河谷夏大豆农田土壤碳排放、碳平衡及经济效益的影响

为探明北疆伊犁河谷滴灌条件下促进夏大豆增产增效且实现农田生态系统固碳增汇的适宜耕作措施,于2017年在滴灌条件下,设置翻耕(T)、深松(ST)、翻耕覆膜(TP)与免耕(NT)4种土壤耕作措施,研究4种耕作措施对北疆夏大豆农田土壤呼吸、碳排放量、植株固碳量、经济效益及产量的影响。结果表明:不同耕作措施土壤呼吸速率峰值均出现在花期至结荚期,各处理间夏大豆土壤呼吸速率、呼吸总量、植株固碳总量和产量均以翻耕覆膜最高,深松次之,并均显著高于翻耕与免耕,免耕最低;不同耕作措施夏大豆农田生态系统碳平衡均表现为正碳平衡,在农业生产资料的各项投入中,均以灌溉用电的投入排碳量最高,占各处理的生产资料总排碳量的54.33%~65.24%,其中翻耕覆膜又因增加了地膜的投入,致使其农业生产资料排碳量和成本投入与其余3种处理呈显著性差异(P<0.05),表现为深松处理的经济效益与净碳吸收量最高,翻耕覆膜次之,使得碳的生产力、碳的经济效益、碳的生态效益均以深松最好,总体表现为ST>TP>T>NT;深松与翻耕覆膜均能够显著提升农田生态系统固碳与增产增效。综合考虑经济效益、生产投入以及地膜的回收率,深松具有最大净碳吸收量、最优经济效益与碳效益值,可以优先作为该地区农田实现增产增效以及固碳增汇的耕作措施。