PI3K抑制剂LY294002在HPV感染宫颈癌细胞的调节作用

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(Human papiloma virus,HPV)感染是宫颈癌的危险因素,HPV16是常见的高危型HPV,与宫颈癌的发病有关,但具体机制未明确.有临床研究报道,宫颈癌组织中HPV16感染与磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)表达增加有关,为了阐明PI3K/AKT信号通路及其抑制剂LY294002在HPV感染宫颈癌细胞增殖中的调控作用,本实验培养了 HPV16感染的宫颈癌细胞株SiHa、HPV阴性的宫颈癌细胞株C33A、正常宫颈上皮细胞株H8,检测了 p-PI3K、p-AKT的表达水平;SiHa细胞分为对照组、50 μmol/L及100 μmol/L LY294002组,药物干预后检测细胞增殖活力A490值及p-PI3K、p-AKT、c-myc、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)的表达水平;皮下注射SiHa细胞建立移植瘤小鼠模型,分为对照组、25mg/kg、50mg/kg LY294002组,药物干预后取移植瘤称重.结果显示,SiHa细胞中p-PI3K、p-AKT的表达水平均高于C33A、H8细胞;50 μmol/L及100 μmol/L LY294002组 SiHa 细胞的 A490值及 p-PI3K、p-AKT、c-myc、bcl-2的表达水平均低于对照组;25 mg/kg、50 mg/kg LY294002组移植瘤小鼠的移植瘤质量均低于对照组(P＜0.05).以上结果表明HPV16感染的宫颈癌细胞中PI3K/AKT信号通路过度激活具有促增殖作用.本实验阐明了 PI3K/AKT通路及其抑制剂LY294002在HPV16感染的宫颈癌细胞增殖中的调控作用,PI3K/AKT通路的激活能够促进HPV16感染的宫颈癌细胞增殖及移植瘤的生长,使用信号通路抑制剂能够抑制细胞增殖及移植瘤生长,未来PI3K/AKT通路可能成为HPV16感染引起宫颈癌的防治靶点.     

PI3K/AKT途径在大肠埃希菌诱导U937细胞凋亡中的作用

目的探讨PI3K/AKT信号转导通路在大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli,E.coli）诱导的人巨噬细胞系U937细胞凋亡中的作用。方法利用Western blot分析检测E.coli感染不同时间后磷酸化及非磷酸化AKT的表达;预先用不同浓度的LY294002（PI3K途径抑制剂）处理U937细胞60min,观察E.coli感染30min后U937细胞的凋亡情况。结果随着感染时间的延长,磷酸化AKT的表达逐渐下降。加入PI3K的抑制剂LY294002后,U937细胞的凋亡率逐渐升高。结论PI3K/AKT信号转导通路参与了E. coli诱导的U937细胞凋亡过程。LY294002通过特异性地抑制PI3K/AKT活性增加E.coli诱导的U937细胞凋亡率。     

PI3K/AKT 通路参与调控乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的研究

目的:探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/serine-threonine kinase,PI3K/AKT)信号通路与乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的相关性。方法:以乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7为母本,持续低浓度加药诱导建立阿霉素(Adriamycin,ADR)耐药系MCF-7/ADR’。细胞免疫荧光检测两细胞系中磷酸化AKT(phosphorylated AKT,P-AKT)、P-糖蛋白(P-Glycoprotein,P-gp)、基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)的表达。PI3K抑制剂LY294002作用两系前后,Western Blot检测P-AKT、MMP-2、P-gp的表达改变及qRT-PCR检测MMP-2、MDR1的表达改变。结果:P-AKT、P-gp(MDR1)、MMP-2在MCF-7中为低表达或不表达,MCF-7/ADR’中为高表达。LY294002作用两系后,P-AKT、P-gp(MDR1)、MMP-2在MCF-7/ADR’中的表达明显减低(P<0.05),MCF-7无明显改变。结论:抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路可有效降低MCF-7/ADR’耐药和侵袭转移能力,PI3K/AKT通路是调控乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的重要信号通路之一。     

LMTK2基因沉默抑制人上皮性卵巢癌细胞生长和转移的作用机制

摘要 目的：探讨狐猴酪氨酸激酶2（LMTK2）基因沉默对人上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)细胞生长和转移的抑制作用及其可能的机制。方法：通过RT-qPCR和Western-blot检测了人正常卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80和人上皮性卵巢癌细胞系（SKOV3、ES2、OVCAR-3和HEY）中LMTK2的表达,使用Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂将LMTK2的短发夹RNA（shRNA）、阴性对照shRNA、LMTK2过表达重组pcDNA3.1质粒或阴性对照质粒转染到SKOV3细胞中,并分为LMTK2-shRNA组、NC-shRNA组、LMTK2-pcDNA3.1组或NC-pcDNA3.1组。另外,使用PI3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002处理SKOV3细胞1 h。通过CCK-8法测定细胞增殖,Annexin V-FITC/PI染色法测定细胞凋亡,划痕实验评价细胞迁移,Transwell实验评价细胞侵袭。对BALB/c雌性裸鼠皮下注射转染NC-shRNA或LMTK2-shRNA的SKOV3细胞建立体内移植瘤模型,并记录接种28 d内的肿瘤体积。结果：与人正常卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80相比,卵巢癌细胞系（SKOV3、ES2、OVCAR-3和HEY）中LMTK2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著升高,其中SKOV3的LMTK2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平最高（P<0.05）。与NC-shRNA组相比,LMTK2-shRNA组SKOV3细胞活力、相对迁移面积、侵袭细胞数均显著降低,而细胞凋亡率显著升高（P<0.05）。此外,与NC-shRNA组相比,LMTK2-shRNA组SKOV3细胞中Bax的蛋白表达水平显著升高,而Bcl-2、MMP2、MMP9、p-Akt的蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。LY294002处理逆转了上调LMTK2对SKOV3细胞生长和转移的影响（P<0.05）。在接种第21天和28天时,与NC-shRNA组相比,LMTK2-shRNA组裸鼠的肿瘤体积显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：LMTK2基因沉默通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路降低了人上皮性卵巢癌细胞的生长和转移能力。     

PI3K/AKT信号转导通路与人舌鳞癌细胞TCA8113顺铂耐药的相关性研究

目的:探讨PI3K特异性抑制剂LY294002逆转顺铂耐药口腔鳞癌细胞TCA8113/CDDP的可行性。方法:采用间歇性加药,逐步递增CDDP药量,体外连续诱导培养TCA8113/CDDP细胞;用不同浓度的LY294002和顺铂处理TCA8113和TCA8113/CDDP细胞;MTT法观察对细胞增殖的影响,Western印迹分析LY294002作用前后p-Akt、Akt、PI3K蛋白的表达。结果:建立了舌鳞癌耐药细胞TCA8113/CDDP,耐药指数为7.7;MTT实验显示LY294002对TCA8113和TCA8113/CDDP细胞的抑制作用与浓度及作用时间呈正相关;LY294002联合顺铂对2种细胞的抑制作用比单用顺铂效果好;PI3K、Akt、p-AKT蛋白表达明显降低,其中TCA8113/CDDP细胞中PI3K、AKT、p-AKT蛋白的表达比TCA8113细胞明显增多(P0.05)。结论:LY294002能增加耐药口腔鳞癌顺铂化疗的敏感性。     

RhoGDI2与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路在肺癌细胞中的相关性研究

目的探讨肿瘤转移相关因子RhoGDI2与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路在肺癌侵袭转移过程中的作用及相关机制。方法利用PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路上特异性的抑制剂,采用MTT法,伤口愈合实验及侵袭实验观察不同浓度药物对肺癌95D细胞生长侵袭转移能力的影响,通过Western Blot方法观察RhoGDI2蛋白水平的变化。结果PI3K抑制剂LY294002及mTOR抑制剂Rapamycin都能抑制肺癌细胞95D的侵袭转移能力,联合应用抑制作用更强。PI3K抑制剂LY294002处理组RhoGDI2蛋白的表达量增加,且随浓度增加RhoGDI2蛋白表达也增加。mTOR抑制剂Rapamycin组,在低浓度时增加RhoGDI2蛋白的表达,但增大Rapamycin的浓度,RhoGDI2蛋白的表达反而降低。低浓度LY294002组和Rapa-mycin组联合应用可以明显增加RhoGDI2蛋白的表达。结论PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路中Akt的活化与RhoGDI2密切相关,RhoGDI2可能直接或间接通过与Akt的相互作用参与调节肺癌的侵袭转移的过程。     

土槿皮乙酸通过PI3K/Akt信号通路诱导人肾癌细胞A498凋亡

目的:研究土槿皮乙酸对人肾癌细胞A498凋亡的影响,并探讨其内在的分子机制,为肾癌治疗寻找有效的新靶点和新策略。方法:人肾癌细胞A498经10、15μmol/L土槿皮乙酸处理48 h后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,同时通过Western印迹和实时荧光定量PCR检测凋亡相关蛋白和m RNA的表达;加入PI3K/Akt通路抑制剂LY294002或15μmol/L土槿皮乙酸处理A498细胞48 h后,Western印迹检测相关蛋白的表达。结果:经不同浓度土槿皮乙酸作用A498细胞48 h后,与未加土槿皮乙酸组细胞相比,细胞凋亡率显著上升,且呈剂量依赖性,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);同时,Blc-2表达减少,Bax、caspase-9、caspase-3表达增多。Blc-2蛋白的表达量随LY294002或土槿皮乙酸的逐步加入而减少,而Bax、caspase-9、caspase-3的表达呈增加趋势;PI3K和Akt蛋白的表达量与是否加入LY294002或土槿皮乙酸无关,p-PI3K和Aktp-Ser473蛋白的表达量随LY294002或土槿皮乙酸的逐步加入而减少。结论:土槿皮乙酸可抑制A498细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与PI3K/Akt通路相关。     

LY294002对CML急变期细胞中Wnt／β-catenin信号通路的影响及其效应

β-catening在慢性粒细胞白血病急变过程中发挥着重要作用,而其受BCR／ABLTL其下游信号通路调控的具体分子机制尚未完全阐明。该研究旨在探讨PI3K-AK聪号通路对慢粒急变期细胞的影响及其对Wnt／β-catenin信号通路的调控作用。采用P13K-AKT信号通路的靶向抑制剂LY294002作用于慢粒急变期K562细胞,MTT法检测其对细胞增殖的影响,甲基纤维素克隆形成实验检测细胞的克隆形成能力,Western blot检测pAKT（Thr308）的表达变化,RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测β-catenin及其下游靶基因c—myc、cyclinD1的mRNA和蛋白表达情况。结果显示,10,20,40μmol/L的LY294002作用细胞24h后,抑制了K562细胞的增殖以及克隆形成能力。该效应呈浓度依赖的方式。3种浓度的LY294002处理细胞后,PI3K—AKT信号通路明显被抑制,pAKT（Thr308）的蛋白表达明显减少;β-catenin的mRNA表达无明显改变,但其蛋白水平依次减少;β-catenin的下游靶基因c-myc、cyclin D1的mRNA和蛋白水平均明显降低。综上所述,抑制PI3K-AKT信号通路可抑制白血病K562细胞的增殖和克隆形成能力,其机制可能与抑制Wnt／β-catenin信号通路相关。     

小檗碱通过PI3K/AKT信号通路调控人牙周膜干细胞的增殖和成骨分化

该文旨在探讨小檗碱(berberine)对人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSCs)增殖和成骨分化的影响及潜在的机制。体外培养hPDLSCs,将其分为空白对照(Con)组、PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制剂LY294002(LY)组、小檗碱(Ber)组和小檗碱+PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制剂LY294002(Ber+LY)组,采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)法检测h PDLSCs的增殖活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布,酶联免疫检测仪检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)分析增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、骨钙蛋白(OCN)、骨膜蛋白(POSTN)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达情况,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测PCNA、Cyclin D1、OCN、POSTN、OPN和PI3K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。与Con组相比,Ber组h PDLSCs增殖活力,ALP的活性,S期和G₂/M期细胞比例,PCNA、Cyclin D1、OCN、POSTN、OPN、p-PI3K和p-AKT的表达水平均显著升...     

PI3K信号通路通过Skp2、p27调节肝癌细胞的增殖

探讨磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)信号通路调节肝癌细胞增殖的机制.用LY294002特异性阻断PI3K信号通路后,人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)的增殖明显被抑制.RT-PCR及蛋白质印迹结果显示,LY294002增加了p27蛋白的表达,但不影响p27的mRNA表达.在LY294002处理的细胞中转入p27的RNAi质粒以干扰p27蛋白的表达后,肝癌细胞的增殖能力可部分恢复.放线菌酮(Chx)处理实验表明,阻断PI3K信号通路使p27蛋白的半衰期延长,稳定性增加.进一步研究发现,LY294002可抑制介导p27蛋白降解的关键分子Skp2的mRNA表达,还可缩短Skp2蛋白的半衰期,降低Skp2蛋白的稳定性.但在SMMC-7721中分别转染PI3K下游重要靶分子Akt的持续激活和失活突变体,却并不影响p27蛋白的表达.这些结果表明,PI3K信号通路在转录及翻译后水平调节Skp2的表达而影响p27蛋白的降解,从而调节肝癌细胞的增殖,但Akt并没有参与这种调节.     

Upregulated microRNA-224 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation by targeting KLLN

Human epithelial ovarian cancer is a complex disease, with low 5-yr survival rate largely due to the terminal stage at diagnosis in most patients. MicroRNAs play critical roles during epithelial ovarian cancer progression in vivo and have also been shown to regulate characteristic of ovarian cancer cell line in vitro. Alterative microRNA-224 (microRNA-224) expression affects human epithelial ovarian cancer cell survival, apoptosis, and metastasis. However, people know little about the effects of microRNA-224 on epithelial ovarian cancer cell proliferation. In the current study, we found that the microRNA-224 expression level of human syngeneic epithelial ovarian cancer cells HO8910 (low metastatic ability) was lower than that of HO8910PM (high metastatic ability). Furthermore, microRNA-224 was confirmed to target KLLN in HO8910 and HO8910PM. The known KLLN downstream target cyclin A was regulated by microRNA-224 in HO8910 and HO8910PM. In addition, overexpression of microRNA-224 enhanced the proliferation abilities of HO8910 and knockdown of microRNA-224 suppressed the proliferation abilities of HO8910PM by KLLN-cyclin A pathway. Our results provide new data about microRNAs and their targets involved in proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by modulating the downstream signaling.     

AKT2 contributes to increase ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion through the AKT2-PKM2-STAT3/NF-κB axis

Multiple studies have shown that protein kinase Bβ (AKT2) is involved in the development and progression of ovarian cancer, however, its precise role remains unclear. Here we explored the underlying molecular mechanisms how AKT2 promotes ovarian cancer progression. We examined the effects of AKT2 in vitro in two ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY), and in vivo by metastasis assay in nude mice. The migration and invasion ability of SKOV3 and HEY cells was determined by transwell assay. Overexpression and knockdown (with shRNA) experiments were carried out to unravel the underlying signaling mechanisms induced by AKT2. Overexpression of AKT2 led to increased expression of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) in ovarian cancer cells and in lung metastatic foci from nude mice. Elevated AKT2/PKM2 expression induced cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as lung metastasis in vivo; silencing AKT2 blocked these effects. Meanwhile, PKM2 overexpression was unable to increase AKT2 expression. The expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT2, and PKM2 were increased when stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF); however, these expressions were blocked when inhibited the PI3K by LY294002. STAT3 expression was elevated and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was activated both in vitro and in vivo when either AKT2 or PKM2 was overexpressed; and these effects were inhibited when silencing AKT2 expression. Taken together, AKT2 increases the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and promotes lung metastasis in nude mice in vivo through PKM2-mediated elevation of STAT3 expression and NF-κB activation. In conclusion, we highlight a novel mechanism of the AKT2-PKM2-STAT3/NF-κB axis in the regulation of ovarian cancer progression, and our work suggested that both AKT2 and PKM2 may be potential targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer.     

TaqmanqPCR检测CD147／Basigin剪接变异体在人上皮性卵巢癌中的表达

目的：应用TaqmanqPCR技术检测CDl47／basigin剪接变异体在人上皮性卵巢癌组织与正常卵巢组织中的表达差异。方法：运用半定量RT．PCR技术检测CDl47／basigin剪接变异体在上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中的表达;TaqmanqPCR检测CDl47／basigin剪接变异体在人上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中的表达分布;进一步通过收集32例上皮性卵巢癌组织与26例正常卵巢组织,提取组织RNA,反转录cDNA,TaqmanqPCR检测CDl47／basigin剪接变异体mRNA在上皮性卵巢癌组织与正常卵巢组织中的表达差异。结果：半定量RT-PCR结果显示basigin-2,basigin-3和basigin-4在上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中均有表达,主要以basigin-2为主;TaqmanqPCR检测到三种剪接变异体在不同卵巢癌细胞系中表达不同,basigin-2在卵巢癌细胞系中较basigin一3,basigin-4表达较高,basigin一4较basigin．3略高;Basigin．2剪接变异体在高转移Ho．8910pm细胞中表达较高,在低转移HO一8910细胞中表达较低。组织TaqmanqPCR检测basigin-2和basigin-4在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达水平显著高于正常卵巢组织（P值分别为〈0．0001和0．0261）,basigin．3的表达水平略有升高（P=0．2616）,但无统计学意义。结论：三种剪接变异体在卵巢癌组织中较正常卵巢组织表达上调。CDl47／basigin．2在高转移卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910pm中高表达,在低转移卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910中低表达,且表达强度与上皮性卵巢癌的转移相关;探讨CDl47／basigin一2在上皮性卵巢癌中的高表达,为卵巢癌的进一步治疗开辟一新途径。     

G1 cell cycle progression and the expression of G1 cyclins are regulated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling in human ovarian cancer cells

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Recent studies demonstrated that the gene encoding the p110alpha catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is frequently amplified in ovarian cancer cells. PI3K is involved in multiple cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, antiapoptosis, tumorigenesis, and angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that the inhibition of PI3K activity by LY-294002 inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced G(1) cell cycle arrest. This effect was accompanied by the decreased expression of G(1)-associated proteins, including cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDC25A, and retinoblastoma phosphorylation at Ser(780), Ser(795), and Ser(807/811). Expression of CDK6 and beta-actin was not affected by LY-294002. Expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p16(INK4a) was induced by the PI3K inhibitor, whereas steady-state levels of p21(CIP1/WAF1) were decreased in the same experiment. The inhibition of PI3K activity also inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K1, but not extracellular regulated kinase 1/2. The G(1) cell cycle arrest induced by LY-294002 was restored by the expression of active forms of AKT and p70S6K1 in the cells. Our study shows that PI3K transmits a mitogenic signal through AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to p70S6K1. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin had similar inhibitory effects on G(1) cell cycle progression and on the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, CDC25A, and retinoblastoma phosphorylation. These results indicate that PI3K mediates G(1) progression and cyclin expression through activation of an AKT/mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling pathway in the ovarian cancer cells.     

过表达MicroRNA-21通过PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路调控人退变髓核细胞自噬的研究

目的:探讨过表达mi R-21通过PTEN/PI3K/AKT通路对人退变髓核细胞自噬的影响。方法:构建稳定过表达mi R-21 mimic人退变髓核细胞,转染无意义序列作为mi R-21 mimic control组,采用RT-qPCR检测转染效率;利用MDC荧光染色法观察细胞自噬泡;Western-Blot检测细胞自噬相关蛋白LC3和P62的表达以及PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路中关键蛋白PTEN、PI3K及AKT的表达水平。结果:RT-qPCR结果表明mi R-21 mimic转染成功且效率较高,与mi R-21 mimic control组及空白细胞对照组相比,差异显著(P0.05)。荧光显微镜观察MDC染色情况,mi R-21 mimic组的细胞中几乎没有发现自噬体,而mi R-21 mimic control组以及空白对照组细胞中自噬体均较多,与前者相比差异均明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。mi R-21 mimic组细胞中LC3-II/LC3-I表达量的比值均显著低于mi R-21 mimic control组及空白对照组细胞(P0.05);而P62在mi R-21 mimic组细胞中表达量显著高于mi R-21 mimic control组及空白细胞对照组,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。mi R-21 mimic组中PTEN蛋白的表达水平较低,与另外两组相比具有统计学意义(P0.05);磷酸化的PI3K(p-PI3K)和AKT(p-Akt)在mi R-21 mimic组中均明显高于mi R-21 mimic control组和空白细胞对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:mi R-21可以通过靶向沉默PTEN,促进PI3K和AKT发生磷酸化,进而使PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路被激活,最终抑制人椎间盘退变髓核细胞的自噬。     

Loss of TAB3 expression by shRNA exhibits suppressive bioactivity and increased chemical sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines via the NF‐κB pathway

Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynaecologic malignancies. Despite many years of research, it still remains sparing in reliable diagnostic markers and methods for early detection and screening. Transforming growth factor β‐activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1)‐binding protein 3 (TAB3) was initially characterized as an adapter protein essential for TAK1 activation in response to IL‐1β or TNFα, however, the physiological role of TAB3 in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis is still not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TAB3 on ovarian cancer cell lines. Expressions of TAB3 and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) were found to be gradually increased in EOC tissues and cell lines, by western blot analysis and qRT‐PCR. Distribution of TAB3 was further analysed by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, knockdown of TAB3 expression in HO8910 or SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells significantly inhibited bioactivity of ovarian cancer cells, including proliferation and cell‐cycle distribution, and promoted chemical sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment via inhibiting NF‐κB pathways. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests a novel function of TAB3 as an oncogene that could be used as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. It provides a new insight into the potential mechanism for therapeutic targeting, in chemotherapy resistance, common in ovarian cancer.