AGEs通过SDF-1/CXCR4轴信号通路对心肌微血管内皮细胞血管新生的影响及机制

目的:探讨AGEs通过刺激SDF-1/CXCR4轴信号系统对心肌微血管内皮细胞的增值、迁移、管样结果形成的影响以及AMD3100对其的干预作用.方法:用不同浓度的AMD3100作用于浓度为200mg/L的AGEs共孵育的CMECs24h,用MTT法检测细胞活力及增殖能力,并选择合适的干扰浓度(抑制效果居中).随机选取加入AGEs200ml/L的CMECs,加入合适浓度的AMD3100,分别作用24、48、72h,采用MTT法测定AGEs处理前后细胞增值率的变化,并检测AMD3100对增值率的影响;毛细血管管腔样结构形成实验检测对CMECs血管新生的影响和AMD3100对其阻断作用的影响.结果:心肌微血管内皮细胞增殖能力和迁移能力在24h、48h、72h有显著增强;并促进了心肌微血管内皮细胞管样形成(vs P＜0.05);CXCR4受体阻断剂AMD3100作用于细胞后,可以显著阻断AGEs对心肌微血管内皮细胞增殖能力和迁移能力和管腔形成(vs P＜0.05)的影响.结论:AGEs在早期显著增强了心肌微血管内皮细胞的增殖、迁移和管样结构形成的能力,其作用机制可能与SDF-1/CXCR4轴信号通路有关.     

γ分泌酶抑制剂对肝血窦内皮细胞的影响

目的:在建立高纯度小鼠肝血窦内皮细胞的体外培养的基础上研究γ分泌酶抑制剂(DAPT)对肝血窦内皮细胞活性的影响.方法:首先通过胶原酶灌注消化、percoll梯度离心和选择性贴壁分离得到高纯度、可在体外条件下培养的肝血窦内皮细胞,其次用不同浓度的DAPT(15 μmol/L、45 μmol/L、75 μmol/L)处理细胞,然后通过MTT检测细胞增殖情况、Real time PCR检测相关分子改变.结果:在体外条件下DAPT对肝血窦内皮细胞的增殖起到促进作用,这种促进作用随着DAPT浓度的增加相应的增加;DAPT能够导致肝血窦内皮细胞Notch信号下游分子Hes1表达下调,VEGF信号中VEGFR1表达下调,VEGFR2表达上调.结论:γ分泌酶抑制剂(DAPT)通过抑制肝血窦内皮细胞Notch信号,引起肝血窦内皮细胞表面VEGFR1表达下调,VEGFR2 表达上调显著增加肝血窦内皮细胞的活性.     

内皮细胞靶向的可溶性人源Delta-like 4抑制生理性与病理性眼部血管新生

Notch信号通路在血管新生过程中具有重要作用,是治疗病理性血管新生的关键靶标.Notch信号通路的激活与抑制均可阻抑血管新生,但由于体内长期抑制Notch信号通路会导致血管瘤等严重毒副反应,通过激活Notch信号抑制新生血管形成可能更具临床应用价值.然而,目前缺乏可在体内高效活化Notch信号通路的Notch配体.在众多的Notch配体中,Delta-like4(Dll4)特异性表达于血管内皮组织,对血管新生具有关键调控作用.本研究表达并纯化了新型可溶性人源Notch配体h D4R,其由人源Delta-Serrate-Lag-2片段和内皮细胞靶向的精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(RGD)基序组成.实验证实,h D4R可通过其RGD基序与内皮细胞结合,并可有效激活内皮细胞中的Notch信号.平面管腔形成实验和微球萌出实验显示,h D4R能在体外显著抑制血管新生.更为重要的是,h D4R能在体内有效抑制新生鼠视网膜血管新生和激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管形成.综上所述,本研究发明了一种能显著抑制体内外血管生成的可溶性Notch配体h D4R,为治疗过度血管新生性相关疾病提供了新的手段.     

抑制Notch信号通路联合沉默Id1对骨肉瘤恶性生物学行为及成骨分化的影响

该研究探讨了抑制Notch信号通路联合沉默Id1对人骨肉瘤细胞MG63的恶性生物学行为及成骨分化的影响。采用Notch信号通路抑制剂DAPT、沉默Id1重组腺病毒分别或联合处理MG63细胞,采用Western blot检测分组处理MG63细胞后Notch1、Jagged1、Id1蛋白的表达;CCK8检测分组处理后MG63增殖能力;流式细胞术检测分组处理后MG63细胞凋亡水平;划痕实验和Transwell检测分组处理后MG63细胞迁移和侵袭能力;碱性磷酸酶、茜素红染色分别检测分组处理后MG63细胞早期、晚期成骨分化能力。结果表明,DAPT处理MG63细胞后,Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达下调(P0.05),可有效抑制MG63细胞中Notch信号通路活性;抑制MG63细胞中Notch信号通路后Id1蛋白水平表达下降,抑制MG63细胞中Notch信号通路联合沉默Id1后Id1蛋白表达水平最低(P0.05);抑制MG63细胞中Notch信号通路后细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力下降,凋亡水平增加和早期成骨分化能力减弱(P0.05);抑制MG63细胞中Notch信号通路联合沉默Id1后细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力进一步减弱,凋亡水平最高,早期、晚期成骨分化能力增强(P0.05)。综上所述,抑制Notch信号通路可减弱MG63细胞恶性;抑制Notch信号通路联合沉默Id1后可进一步减弱MG63细胞恶性,促进其成骨分化。     

Notch1信号通路激活在低氧诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞血管形成中的作用

目的观察低氧条件下HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路在人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）血管生成中的作用。 方法将HUVEC进行常氧和低氧[二氯化钴（CoCl2）,200 μmol/L]诱导,再将常氧和低氧处理的HUVEC应用Notch1信号通路的抑制剂DAPT （30 μmol/L,24 h）和激活剂JAG-1 （30 μmol/L,24 h）干预。通过体外小管形成实验观察低氧对HUVEC血管生成能力的影响。应用RT-PCR和Western blot检测HUVEC中低氧诱导因子-1α （HIF-1α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、基质金属蛋白酶-9 （MMP-9）和Notch1信号分子（Notch1、Dell4和JAG-1）的mRNA和蛋白表达。通过Transwell迁移实验和伤口愈合实验观察低氧、DAPT、JAG-1对HUVEC迁移能力的影响。应用MTT法检测低氧及Notch1对HUVEC增殖的影响。两组间比较采用t检验,采用析因设计方差分析低氧和DAPT以及低氧和JAG-1对HUVEC迁移能力、距离、小管形成能力和细胞增殖的交互作用。 结果与常氧组比较,低氧组小管总长[（8.18±0.62）mm比（15.43±1.32）mm]增高,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。与常氧组比较,低氧组的HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-9、Notch1、Dell4和JAG-1的mRNA相对表达量和蛋白相对表达量（1.01±0.03比4.43±0.35,1.02±0.03比3.55±0.28,0.98±0.04比3.24±0.25,1.01±0.03比3.22±0.25,0.99±0.02比2.89±0.22,1.02±0.04比2.43±0.19,0.98±0.01比3.13±0.24,0.98±0.02比2.67±0.21,0.97±0.03比2.45±0.19,1.01±0.03比2.44±0.19,1.00±0.04比2.30±0.18,1.03±0.05比2.27±0.18）均升高,差异有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。Transwell迁移实验和伤口愈合实验显示,低氧条件下,DAPT干预使HUVEC的迁移能力降低,JAG-1干预使HUVEC的迁移能力升高（P均< 0.05）。小管形成和MTT法测定显示,低氧条件下,DAPT干预使HUVEC的小管形成能力和细胞增殖能力降低,JAG-1干预使HUVEC的小管形成能力和细胞增殖能力升高（P均< 0.05）。析因设计的方差分析结果显示,低氧和JAG-1对迁移细胞数、小管形成和细胞增殖能力交互作用具有协同作用（P < 0.05）。 结论低氧可通过激活HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch1信号通路提高HUVEC的血管生成能力、迁移能力和细胞增殖能力。     

内皮抑素对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC) 及体外微血管 模型的作用及其可能的机制

目的：探讨内皮抑素对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）及体外微血管模型的作用及其可能的机制。方法：1．MTT法检测不同浓度（10～50μg／ml）内皮抑素作用72h和30μg／ml内皮抑素作用不同时间（24～72h）对HUVEC细胞的影响;2、电镜观察HUVEC细胞超微结构的变化;3．光镜下观察内皮抑素（30μg／ml）对体外人造血管模型的影响。结果：1．MTT检测显示,内皮抑素（20～50μg／ml）能抑制HUVEC细胞的增殖（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,具有剂量-时间依赖性。2．电镜观察,HUVEC细胞内皮抑素作用组均出现凋亡改变。3．光镜观察,内皮抑素能抑制新生血管的形成,并能破坏新生的血管网。结论：内皮抑素能抑制人脐静脉血管内皮细胞HUVEC的增殖,并具有时间一剂量依赖性,机制可能为诱导细胞凋亡。提示,内皮抑素可能通过诱导HUVEC的凋亡抑制其增殖,并能破坏新生的血管。内皮抑素可能以此抑制机体肿瘤的生长与转移。     

Notch信号通路在血管损伤修复中的作用

Notch信号通路是进化中高度保守的信号转导通路,其调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的功能涉及几乎所有组织和器官。血管损伤后,Notch信号通路分子表达改变,引起内皮细胞（endothelial cell,EC）和血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC）表型改变,其增殖、迁移、抗凋亡等能力也随之变化,从而参与血管的损伤修复。Notch信号通路能够促进EC和VSMC增殖以及VSMC迁移至内膜,并提高其存活能力,凶此能够促进新生内膜的形成。     

Notch信号参与BMP4诱导的间充质干细胞成骨分化及其机制的初步探讨

目的:探讨Notch信号对骨形态发生蛋白4(bone morphogenetic protein 4,BMP4)诱导间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响以及作用机制。方法:(1)DAPT或Ad-dominant-negative mutants of Notch1(Addn Notch1)和BMP4-CM处理小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,检测早期成骨指标碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP);(2)茜素红S染色实验检测晚期成骨钙盐沉积情况;(3)半定量反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测成骨分化相关基因ALP,Runx2,Col1a1的表达;(4)免疫细胞化学检测p-Smad1/5/8的表达;(5)结晶紫染色和流式细胞术检测细胞的增殖及周期改变。结果:(1)DAPT抑制BMP4诱导的早期成骨分化,且呈浓度依赖性;(2)Delta-like 1(DLL1)促进BMP4诱导的成骨分化,DAPT和dn Notch1抑制BMP4诱导的成骨分化;(3)DLL1促进BMP4诱导的成骨相关基因ALP,Runx2,Col1a1的表达,DAPT抑制这些基因的表达;(4)DLL1促进BMP4诱导的细胞核内p-Smad1/5/8的表达,而DAPT抑制其表达;(5)DLL1促进BMP4诱导的细胞增殖,而DAPT抑制BMP4诱导的细胞增殖。结论:Notch信号通过BMP/Smads信号通路促进BMP4诱导的MSCs成骨分化,在此过程中也有促细胞增殖的作用。     

合欢皮提取物抑制血管生成作用的研究

本文采用体外细胞培养法和体内鸡胚尿囊绒膜模型、荷瘤模型检测合欢皮提取物抑制人微血管内皮细胞(HMEC-1)的增殖、迁移活性,观察合欢皮提取物的抑制血管生成情况.发现合欢皮提取物能显著抑制HMEC-1的增殖(IC_(50)为30μg/mL)和迁移,并且呈明显的剂量依赖性.在体内同时具有抑制鸡胚尿囊膜和肿瘤组织中血管生成的作用.     

Notch3在血管平滑肌细胞中对Erk1/2的调控作用研究

Erk1/2活性在血管许多细胞功能中具有重要影响,而Notch3主要表达在动脉平滑肌细胞中,并且是发育过程中动脉成熟所必需的.为了探讨Notch3在血管平滑肌细胞中对Erk1/2信号通路的调控作用,采用siRNA基因敲除Notch3,γ-分泌酶抑制剂DAPT抑制Notch信号通路,质粒转染过表达Notch3活性区等方法,用Western印迹检测Notch3对血管平滑肌细胞中Erk1/2磷酸化水平,即Erk1/2活性的影响.同时,利用活性氧自由基（ROS）诱导激活Erk1/2;siRNA敲除Notch3表达致使血管平滑肌细胞中Erk1/2的磷酸化水平显著降低,并且抑制了ROS诱导的Erk1/2激活;同样,Notch通路抑制剂DAPT也抑制了ROS诱导的Erk1/2激活;而Notch3活性区NICD的过表达并没有改变血管平滑肌细胞中Erk1/2的磷酸化水平,但其延缓了ROS激活后Erk1/2活性的衰减.上述结果表明,Notch3可在血管平滑肌细胞中调控Erk1/2活性以及ROS诱导的Erk1/2信号激活.     

AIBP基因表达下调促进心肌微血管内皮细胞血管新生

目的:探讨阻断载脂蛋白A-I结合蛋白(AIBP)的表达后对心肌微血管内皮细胞(CMECs)血管新生的作用。方法:消化法分离SD大鼠CMECs,通过慢病毒介导的siRNA转染CMECs下调AIBP基因表达,并设立空白对照组及阴性转染组。RT-PCR法检测AIBP基因的表达;CCK-8比色法检测细胞增殖;Transwell小室评价细胞迁移能力;成管实验评价血管新生能力。结果:RT-PCR结果显示,与空白对照组及阴性转染组相比,转染组CMECs中AIBP表达显著降低(P0.01);CCK-8结果显示,与空白对照组及阴性转染组相比,转染组CMECs增值水平显著增高(P0.01);Transwell法结果显示,与空白对照组及阴性转染组相比,转染组CMECs迁移能力显著增高(P0.01);成管实验显示,与空白对照组及阴性转染组相比,转染组CMECs成管能力显著增高(P0.01)。结论:抑制AIBP表达可以明显促进CMECs增殖,促进其迁移和成管。     

NADPH oxidase 4 promotes cardiac microvascular angiogenesis after hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro

Microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction plays a key role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, wherein reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling is intensively involved. However, the roles of the various ROS sources remain unclear. This study sought to investigate the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in the cardiac microvascular endothelium in response to I/R injury. Adult rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were isolated and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Our results showed that Nox4 was highly expressed in CMECs, was significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels after H/R injury, and contributed to H/R-stimulated increase in Nox activity and ROS generation. Downregulation of Nox4 by small interfering RNA transfection did not affect cell viability or ROS production under normoxia, but exacerbated H/R injury as evidenced by increased apoptosis and inhibited cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis after H/R. Nox4 inhibition also increased prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) expression and blocked H/R-induced increases in HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Pretreatment with DMOG, a specific competitive PHD inhibitor, upregulated HIF-1α and VEGF expression and significantly reversed Nox4 knockdown-induced injury. However, Nox2 was scarcely expressed and played a minimal role in CMEC survival and angiogenesis after H/R, though a modest upregulation of Nox2 was observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a previously unrecognized protective role of Nox4, a ROS-generating enzyme and the major Nox isoform in CMECs, against H/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting migration and angiogenesis via a PHD2-dependent upregulation of HIF-1/VEGF proangiogenic signaling.     

The TrkB‐T1 receptor mediates BDNF‐induced migration of aged cardiac microvascular endothelial cells by recruiting Willin

The mechanism of age‐related decline in the angiogenic potential of the myocardium is not yet fully understood. Our previous report revealed that the aging of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) led to changes in their expression of receptor Trk isoforms: among the three isoforms (TrkB‐FL, TrkB‐T1 and TrkB‐T2), only the truncated TrkB‐T1 isoform continued to be expressed in aged CMECs, which led to decreased migration of CMECs in aging hearts. Thus far, how BDNF induces signalling through the truncated TrkB‐T1 isoform in aged CMECs remains unclear. Here, we first demonstrated that aged CMECs utilize BDNF–TrkB‐T1 signalling to recruit Willin as a downstream effector to further activate the Hippo pathway, which then promotes migration. These findings suggest that the aging process shifts the phenotype of aged CMECs that express TrkB‐T1 receptors by transducing BDNF signals via the BDNF–TrkB‐T1–Willin–Hippo pathway and that this change might be an important mechanism and therapeutic target of the dysfunctional cardiac angiogenesis observed in aged hearts.     

BDNF‐mediated migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells is impaired during ageing

This study indicates that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote young cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) to migrate via the activation of the BDNF‐TrkB‐FL‐PI3K/Akt pathway, which may benefit angiogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the ageing of CMECs led to changes in the expression of receptor Trk isoforms in that among the three isoforms (TrkB‐FL, TrkB‐T1 and TrkB‐T2), only one of its truncated isoforms, TrkB‐T1, continued to be expressed, which leads to the dysfunction of its ligand, a decrease in the migration of CMECs and increased injury in ageing hearts. This shift in receptor isoforms in aged CMECs, together with changes in the ageing microenvironment, might predispose ageing hearts to decreased angiogenic potential and increased cardiac pathology.     

Ghrelin stimulates angiogenesis via GHSR1a-dependent MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signal pathways in rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), is thought to exert a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, specifically by promoting vascular endothelial cell function such as cell proliferation, migration, survival and angiogenesis. However, the effect of ghrelin on angiogenesis and the corresponding mechanisms have not yet been extensively studied in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) isolated from left ventricular myocardium of adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In our study, we found that ghrelin and GHSR are constitutively expressed in CMECs. Ghrelin significantly increases CMECs proliferation, migration, and in vitro angiogenesis. The ghrelin-induced angiogenic process was accompanied by phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. MEK inhibitor PD98059 abolished ghrelin-induced phosphorylation of ERK, but had no effect on Akt phosphorylation. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abolished ghrelin-induced phosphorylation of Akt, but had no effect on ERK phosphorylation. Ghrelin-induced angiogenesis was partially blocked by treatment with PD98059 or LY294002. In addition, this angiogenic effect was almost completely inhibited by PD98059+LY294002. Pretreatment with GHSR1a blocker [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 abolished ghrelin-induced phosphorylation of ERK, Akt and in vitro angiogenesis. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that ghrelin stimulates CMECs angiogenesis through GHSR1a-mediated MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signal pathways, indicating that two pathways are required for full angiogenic activity of ghrelin. This study suggests that ghrelin may play an important role in myocardial angiogenesis.     

低频脉冲磁场对大鼠心肌微血管内皮细胞迁移和NO分泌能力的影响

目的:研究在固定时间和频率下,矩形波形低频脉冲磁场(LF-PMF)对大鼠心肌微血管内皮细胞(CMECs)迁移和NO分泌能力的影响。方法:实验分为4组(对照组,1.0MT组,1.4MT组,1.8MT组)。对照组不加磁场干预,其余各组分别在频率为15Hz,磁场强度分别为1.0MT、1.4MT和1.8MT,时间为4h/d,连续照射3d的条件下,用三角波形作用离体培养的大鼠CMECs。利用transwell检测细胞迁移能力,硝酸还原酶法检测CMECs培养液中NO含量的变化。结果:1.0MT组,1.4MT组和1.8MT组LF-PMF迁移能力与对照组相比均有不同程度提高[(24.40±5.12)(个/视野)vs(22.00±3.87)(个/视野),P<0.05;(31.40±3.81)(个/视野)vs(22.00±3.87)(个/视野),P<0.05;(37.40±4.01)(个/视野)vs(22.00±3.87)(个/视野),P<0.01]。1.0MT组,1.4MT组和1.8MT组LF-PMF的NO分泌能力与对照组相比均有提高[(25.26±1.06)(μmol/L)vs(19.18±2.88)(μmol/L),P<0...