高度近视准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后屈光回退的相关分析

目的:探讨高度近视准发子激光原位角膜镶术(laser insitu keratomileusis,LASIK)手术后屈光回退与术前各项检查结果间的相关性。方法:将135例(241只眼)近视患者按屈光度数分为A组126只眼(-6.00 D~-9.00 D)和B组115只眼(≥-9.00 D)。记录术前的屈光度数、眼压和角膜厚度,依据预期校正屈光度数计算理论残余角膜厚度,行LASIK手术后记录术后视力、屈光度数,进行统计学分析。术后平均随访时间19.14个月。结果:A组中正常术眼108只眼(85.7%),回退术眼18只眼(14.3%);B组中正常术眼74只眼(64.3%),回退术眼41只眼(35.7%);两组比较差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。术后平均视力A组为1.17±0.20,B组为0.99±0.28,两组比较差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。两组术后的平均屈光度数比较,差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。平均理论残余角膜厚度A组为(452.53±28.47)μm,B组为(439.61±30.11)μm,两者比较,差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。屈光回退度数与术前近视屈光度数显著正相关(r=0.35,P<0.001),与理论残余角膜厚度显著负相关(r=0.13,P=0.04),与术前眼压及术前角膜厚度无相关性(r=-0.48,P=0.46;r=-0.39,P=0.55)。结论:LASIK手术术前屈光度数越大,术前计算的理论残余角膜厚度越小,术后越易出现回退。对于-6.0 D~-9.00 D的高度近视患者,LASIK手术的预测性和术后稳定性相对较好;对于≥-9.00 D的超高度近视患者,应结合手术技术和术前计算的理论残余角膜厚度慎重选择进行手术。     

透明角膜切口白内障术后角膜曲率的临床观察*

目的:观察年龄相关性白内障行透明角膜切口超声乳化吸除及人工晶体植入术后角膜曲率的变化及相对稳定的时间。方法:收集2016年6月-8月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院伍连德纪念医院进行的3.0 mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶体植入术的患者200例216眼,其中男88例、女128例,平均年龄71.2岁,进行相应的术前检查,并检查术前、术后第一天、一周、一个月、和三个月时的角膜曲率、视力、眼压并行相应的统计学分析。结果:术后不同时间点视力0.5的恢复情况:第一天为147眼(68.05%)、一周为175眼(81.02%)、一个月为193眼(89.35%)、三个月为197眼(91.20%);术前角膜曲率为43.94±1.35、术后第一天、术后一周的角膜曲率分别为44.98±1.06、44.45±1.18,与术前相比有显著性差异(p0.05),术后一个月、三个月的角膜曲率分别为44.13±1.27、44.02±1.24,与术前相比无显著性差异(p0.05);术源性散光于术后一天达到最大,随后逐渐减小,术后一个月、三个月与术后一天比较有显著性差异(p0.05),术后三个月与一个月比较无显著性差异(p0.05),术源性散光术后逐渐下降,并于一个月时趋于稳定。结论:3.0 mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶体植入术患者在术后一个月的角膜曲率基本稳定,恢复至术前状态,屈光状态趋于稳定,术源性角膜散光较小,术后视力恢复至较好状态。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术的护理体会

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）是目前安全性、准确性、稳定性以及疗效的预测性都较好的一种屈光不正矫治术．是目前治疗近视及近视散光首选的屈光手术之一。其原理是用显微板层成形系统掀开一个角膜瓣．在瓣下角膜基质层上用准分子激光根据近视、远视和散光度数进行精确切削。我院于2008年2月从德国引进世界上先进的第八代爱丽丝智能高速扫描准分子激光治疗系统。自4月份开展该术以来。共有212例（408只眼）患者要求手术,通过术前资料评估及术前检查．筛查确定出198例进行LASIK术。通过术前的心理护理、术中密切配合以及术后的详细指导及定期复查随访．疗效满意．现将护理体会总结如下。     

LASIK治疗高度近视的护理配合

目的:对高度近视患者行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶手术进行术前、术中和术后护理,观察高度近视患者LASIK手术矫治前后视功能的变化,评价LASIK矫治高度近视的疗效.方法:对90例(162眼)屈光度在-6.00 D以上的高度近视患者进行散瞳眼底检查,并就患者高度近视程度、眼底病变程度与患者手术后视力进行比较分析.结果:所有患者(162只眼)都接受了LASIK手术治疗.①手术后超高度近视组的矫正视力低于普通高度近视组,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05).②手术前及手术后较严重眼底病变组的矫正视力均低于普通眼底病变组,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论:LASIK手术矫治高度近视眼是安全有效的,但其高度近视程度和眼底病变程度会影响手术疗效.     

小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C 对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的:观察小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C(MMC)对角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法:收集2010年9月2011年5月在我院行小梁切除术的青光眼患者60例(78眼),随机分为术中应用丝裂霉素C的36例(46眼)患者为A组,术中不用丝裂霉素C的24例(32眼)为B组,分别观察术前、术后1个月和术后3个月两组眼压(IOP)、角膜内皮细胞的密度(CD)、平均细胞面积(AVG)及细胞面积变异系数(CV),分析其数量的改变及两组间的差异。结果:A组术前眼压为(35.4±13.7)mmHg,B组术前眼压为(32.5±13.5)mmHg差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组术后1个月及术后3个月眼压分别为(15.7±3.7)mmHg、(17.0±3.2)mmHg,均低于B组的(19.4±3.7)mmHg、(20.2±2.1)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组术前、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为(2475±484)个/mm2、(2199±373)个/mm2、(2164±332)个/mm2;平均细胞面积分别为(431.4±67.6)μm2、(480.6±66.8)μm2、(463.8±46.2)μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为(31.1±7.4)%、(34.4±6.3)%、(31.2±7.5)%;术后1个月及术后3个月各参数与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组术前、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为(2342±94)个/mm2、(2185±215)个/mm2、(2074±218)个/mm2;平均细胞面积分别为(453.9±94.8)μm2、(516.3±100.8)μm2、(499.81±106.4)μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为(30.2±3.0)%、(32.7±2.9)%、(31.4±4.3)%;除术后3个月角膜内皮细胞与术前比较有意义(P<0.05)外,余参数术后1个月及术后3个月与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1个月A组的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为10.4%高于B组的6.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月A组的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为11.1%高于B组的10.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小梁切除术中用丝裂霉素C的降压效果比不用丝裂霉素C的效果好,但短期内前者角膜内皮细胞的丢失率高于后者。     

GM6001对兔LASEK术后角膜组织影响的共聚焦显微镜研究

目的:通过共焦显微镜对角膜组织细胞水平的观察,了解GM6001对兔激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(laser epithelial keratomileusis,LASEK)后角膜组织的影响.方法:新西兰白兔18只(共36只眼),设两只兔为正常对照组,其余免双眼行-10.00D激光切削的LASEK手术后随机分2组,分别为基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(GM6001)组和阴性对照(negative control,NC)组,分别于术后1周、0.5个月、1个月、2个月、3个月共5个时间点行角膜共聚焦显微镜检查,将手术前后各时间段的角膜基质细胞密度、内皮细胞密度作方差分析.结果:GM6001组术区角膜前部基质细胞数各时间点均较阴性对照组少(P<0.01),而GM6001组术区角膜后部基质细胞与内皮细胞数各时间点与阴性对照组对比无差异(P>0.05).结论:GM6001通过抑制基质金属蛋白酶对角膜基质的降解,能有效抑制LASEK术后角膜基质细胞的增生,减轻Haze的形成.     

白内障超声乳化术对糖尿病患者角膜内皮细胞和中央角膜厚度影响

目的:评估糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者在行白内障超声乳化手术后,角膜内皮细胞和中央角膜厚度变化。方法:观察于我院行白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者各100例(100眼),于术前1天、术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月和1年随访记录其角膜内皮细胞密度(endothelial cell density, ECD)、六角形细胞百分比(percentage of hexagonal cells,PHC)、变异系数(coefficient of variation, CV)和中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness, CCT)等指标,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果:非糖尿病组在术前各指标无明显差异(P0.05),术后1年ECD, PHC在两组均下降,CV升高(P0.05),CCT出现明显波动,糖尿病组在术后一周达到峰值。ECD,CV和PHC在术后各时间点出现明显的组间差异(P0.05)。结论:白内障超声乳化术后远期内,糖尿病组的角膜内细胞和中央角膜厚度较非糖尿病组发生显著变化。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术前术后客观验光和主观验光的比较

目的比较准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术前后客观验光和主观验光的准确性和相关性。方法对在我中心接受LASIK手术69例123眼,在术前和术后一个月进行客观验光(NIDEKARK-700)和主观验光(RODENSTOCK综合验光头),对获得的数据进行相关分析。结果LASIK术后,客观验光的准确性较术前下降,客观验光和主观验光测量结果的差值明显增加;术前近视度越高,术后客观验光和主观验光测量结果的差别越大。在测量散光中,术后1月,客观验光和主观验光测量散光的差值明显增加,客观验光不能准确测量散光的量和轴向。结论LASIK术前用自动验光仪进行的客观验光可靠性较高,与主观验光法测量屈光不正的结果接近;术后,客观验光的准确性较术前下降,不能有效评判屈光不正的性质和量。     

小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的：观察小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C（MMC）对角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法：收集2010年9月2011年5月在我院行小梁切除术的青光眼患者60例（78眼）,随机分为术中应用丝裂霉素c的36例（46眼）患者为A组,术中不用丝裂霉素c的24例（32眼）为B组。分别观察术前、术后1个月和术后3个月两组眼压（10P）、角膜内皮细胞的密度（co）、平均细胞面积（AVG）及细胞面积变异系数（cv）,分析其数量的改变及两组间的差异。结果：A组术前眼压为（35．4±13．7）mmHg,B组术前眼压为（32．5±13．5）mmHg差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,A组术后1个月及术后3个月眼压分别为（15．7±3．7）mmHg、（17．0±3．2）mmHg,均低于B组的（19．4±3．7）mmHg、（20．2±2．1）mmHg,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组术前、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为（2475±484）个／mm2、（2199±373）个／mm2、（2164±332）个／mm2;平均细胞面积分别为（431．4±67．6）μm2、（480．6±66．8）μm2、（463．8±46．2）μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为（31．1±7．4）％、（34．4±6．3）％、（31．2±7．5）％;术后1个月及术后3个月各参数与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。B组术前、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为（2342±94）个／mm2、（2185＋215）个／mm2、（2074218）个／mm2;平均细胞面积分别为（453．9土94．8）μm2、（516.3±100．8）μm2、（499．81＋106．4）μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为（30．2土3．0）％、（32．7±2．9）％、（31．4±4．3）％;除术后3个月角膜内皮细胞与术前比较有意义（P〈0．05）外,余参数术后1个月及术后3个月与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后1个月A组的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为10．4％高于B组的6．1％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后3个月A组的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为11．1％高于B组的10．0％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：小梁切除术中用丝裂霉素C的降压效果比不用丝裂霉素C的效果好,但短期内前者角膜内皮细胞的丢失率高于后者。     

飞秒激光辅助全板层角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜临床观察

目的:评价飞秒激光辅助全板层角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜患者早期临床效果。方法:回顾性分析。15例17眼圆锥角膜患者均采用飞秒激光辅助联合Anwar大气泡技术暴露后弹力层的角膜移植手术。术前17只眼均测量裸眼视力(Uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(Best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、角膜内皮细胞计数(endothelial cell density,ECD)、角膜中央平均厚度、角膜曲率1(K1)、角膜曲率2(K2)、角膜地形图角膜散光度数和眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)。所有患者随访时间为术后第1周、第1月、第2月和第3月。结果:到第3月时,UCVA和BCVA均有明显提高。测量中央角膜中央厚度为(493.0±46.80)μm;角膜曲率已接近正常水平,K1和K2平均值分别为(44.56±4.86)D和(40.22±3.60)D,以上数据与术前相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.001)。散光值下降至(4.57±3.60)D(P=0.185,P0.05)。角膜内皮细胞丢失率为14.3%。术后眼压均正常。结论:飞秒激光辅助全板层角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜患者早期临床效果明显,具有精确性、安全性和可预测性。     

全飞秒激光与飞秒激光辅助Lasik治疗高度近视患者的效果及对角膜曲率、视觉质量的影响分析

摘要 目的：探究全飞秒激光与飞秒激光辅助Lasik治疗高度近视患者的效果,并分析治疗对患者角膜曲率、视觉质量的影响。方法：选择2020年7月至2022年7月在我院接受治疗的120例（240眼）高度近视患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法结合患者意愿的方式将其区分为研究组（n=60,接受飞秒激光辅助Lasik治疗）与对照组（n=60,接受全飞秒激光治疗）,对比两组患者术前术后调制传递函数截止频率（MTF）值及客观散射指数（OSI）、角膜曲率变化、屈光度差异、视力情况差异,统计两组患者各类并发症发生率并进行比较。结果：（1）两组患者术前MTF值及OSI组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后研究组患者的MTF值和OSI值均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;（2）术前、术后90 d两组患者的最佳矫正视力组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但组内前后比较两组患者的最佳矫正视力均较术前有明显提高（P<0.05）;（3）术前两组患者的角膜前表面曲率以及后表面曲率组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后90 d时开展组间比较,研究组患者角膜前表面曲率中K1、K2以及Km值均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,但后表面曲率中K1、K2以及Km值组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;进一步分析显示,两组患者术前术后前表面曲率K1、K2以及Km值有明显变化（P<0.05）,后表面曲率K1、K2以及Km值前后差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;（4）统计研究组患者共出现弥漫性层间反应2例,感染1例,角膜内生1例,并发症总发生率3.33%（4/120）,明显高于对照组的0.00%（0/120）（P<0.05）。结论：全飞秒激光和飞秒激光辅助Lasik术对高度近视均具有较好的治疗效果,相比于全飞秒激光术,飞秒激光辅助Lasik术在改善患者视觉质量方面明显占优,但其并发症发生率同样更高,全飞秒激光术术后视觉质量,但安全性更高,建议临床上结合患者实际情况灵活选择术式,以改善高度近视患者预后。     

光学相干断层成像术在近视眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度测量中的临床应用

目的:研究光学相干断层成像术(OCT)在近视眼视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度测量中的应用价值。方法:选择2016年1月到2016年5月在医院就诊的近视患者73例(138眼)纳入此次研究,根据近视情况将患者分为低度近视组(-0.30D~-3.00D)共26例(48眼)、中度近视组(-3.01~-6.00D)共24例(47眼)及高度近视组(-6.00D)共23例(43眼)。另选同期在医院体检(视力正常)的健康志愿者25例(45眼)作为对照组,对比各组不同象限的RNFL厚度,屈光度及眼轴长度,分析近视眼各象限的RNFL厚度与患者屈光度和眼轴长度的相关性。结果:高度近视组的上方象限、下方象限以及鼻侧象限的RNFL厚度均明显低于对照组及中度近视组,中度近视组的下方象限及鼻侧象限的RNFL厚度均明显低于对照组,低度近视组鼻侧象限的RNFL厚度明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。近视组的屈光度及眼轴长度均明显大于对照组,且高度近视组均明显大于中度近视组与低度近视组,中度近视组均明显大于低度近视组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。根据Pearson法分析相关性可知,近视眼患者上象限、下象限、鼻侧象限的RNFL厚度与其屈光度及眼轴长度均呈负相关。结论:利用OCT技术检测近视眼RNFL厚度时,应考虑屈光度及眼轴长度可能造成的影响,综合进行分析判断,以获得最佳检测数值。     

康柏西普联合激光光凝治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿43 例临床分析

目的:探讨康柏西普玻璃体腔注射联合激光光凝治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的临床疗效及安全性。方法:收取2013年6月至2015年8月间我院收治的糖尿病黄斑水肿患者87例(87眼)作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组及对照组,观察组43例(43眼)给予康柏西普玻璃体腔注射联合激光光凝治疗,对照组44例(44眼)给予单纯激光光凝治疗。对两组患者治疗前后视力(best corrected visual acuilty,BCVA)、视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)、临床疗效、并发症以及生活质量进行观察与比较。结果:治疗前两组患者BCVA、CMT均无显著差异,治疗后两组BCVA、CMT均有所提高,同时间点观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后6个月视力提高率为81.40%,对照组为13.64%,观察组远高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者共有3例出现一过性眼压升高,对照组共有2例患者出现一过性眼压增高,两组相较无统计学差异(P0.05)。观察组生活质量显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:康柏西普玻璃体腔注射联合激光光凝治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿具有良好的疗效及安全性,有利于患者生活质量提高,值得临床推广应用。     

One-Step Transepithelial Topography-Guided Ablation in the Treatment of Myopic Astigmatism

Purpose

To evaluate one-step topography-guided transepithelial ablation in the treatment of low to moderate myopic astigmatism using a 1KHz excimer laser.

Methods

Retrospective study of 117 consecutive eyes available for evaluation 12 months after surgery. Pre- and post-operative visual and refractive data as well as post-operative pain and haze were analyzed. A novel technique integrating custom refractive- and epithelial- ablation in a single uninterrupted procedure was used.

Results

The mean pre-operative spherical equivalent (SE) and the mean cylinder were: –3.22 diopters (D) ±1.54 (SD) (range –0.63 to –7.25 D) and –0.77 D ±0.65 (range 0 to –4.50 D), respectively. At 12 months after surgery: no eyes lost ≥2 lines of corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA). Safety and efficacy indexes were 1.27 and 1.09, respectively. Uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA) was ≥20/20 in 96.6% of the eyes. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent was within ±0.5 D of the desired refraction in 93.2% of the eyes. Average root mean square (RMS) wavefront error measured at central 6 mm, increased from 0.38 pre-operatively to 0.47 µm post-operatively. Refractive stability was achieved and sustained 1 month after surgery. No visually significant haze was registered during the observation period. Post-operative pain was reported in 4.5% of patients.

Conclusions

One-step transepithelial topography-guided treatment for low to moderate myopia and astigmatism performed with a 1 KHz laser, provided safe, effective, predictable and stable results with low pain and no visually significant haze.     

A Limitation of Hartmann-Shack System in Measuring Wavefront Aberrations for Patients Received Laser Refractive Surgery

PurposeTo explore the relationship between ablation parameters of myopic laser surgery and measurement area of wavefront aberration (WA) with Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor.Methods58 subjects undergone myopic laser surgeries and 74 uncorrected myopic subjects were enrolled in this experiment. The laser ablation parameters were obtained from surgical records, which included spherical error (Rx), depth, and optical zone (OZ) of ablation. The measured area of WA was tested by the WASCA, and the real pupil size was tested by Pentacam. The corneal eccentricity (E value) and curvature was also measured with the Pentacam. All the measurements were performed under mydriatic condition.ResultsFor uncorrected myopic eyes, the measured area of WA was similar with the real pupil size. But for the corrected eyes, the measured area of WA was smaller than the real pupil size with a mean difference of 0.66 ± 0.54 mm for moderate myopia (t = 6.45, p < 0.0001) and 1.76 ± 0.55 mm for high myopia (t = 18.92, p < 0.0001), but not for mild myopia. The Rx (t = -3.20, p = 0.0017), OZ (t = 64.4, p < 0.0001) and postoperative corneal E value (t = 2.52, p = 0.017) were the independent factors of measured area of WA. Measured area of WA = -0.81*Rx + 1.13*OZ + 0.49*postoperative corneal E value (r² = 0.997).ConclusionsThe WASCA has a limitation in measuring wavefront aberration over the whole pupil area when it’s used for patients received myopic laser surgery. The measured area is smaller than the real pupil size and depends linearly on ablation depth, optical zone and corneal eccentricity.     

Flap Removal or Flap Preservation During LASEK Surgery

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of corneal epithelial flap removal or flap preservation during LASEK operation on myopia and to determine whether there was any accrual of benefit in either approach. From March 2006 to March 2008, some 582 patients (1,164 eyes) who presented with myopia and myopic astigmatism were treated with corrective LASEK operations. They were divided into two groups: one group underwent corneal flap-preservation while the other had the corneal flap removed. Each group comprised 582 eyes, and the data accumulated were retrospectively analyzed. Each patient was examined after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days; 2 weeks; and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after LASEK surgery to determine their post-operative visual acuity and check for complications. All eyes achieved pre-operative corrected vision 16 weeks after LASEK surgery, with no difference being observed between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in the ophthalmalgia observed 3 days after LASEK surgery, with the flap-removal group experiencing less post-operative pain than those who had the corneal flap preserved. Furthermore, by 3 days post-operation, the observed corneal epithelial healing was significantly different: again the eyes of those who had the corneal flap removed having a faster recovery than those belonging to the corneal preservation group. In conclusion, the patients who had a flap-removal LASEK operation recorded faster recovery and suffered less ophthalmalgia, but there was no significant difference in the overall outcome in terms of post-operative optimally corrected vision or complications such as haze formation.     

Inapparent visual field defects in multiple sclerosis patients

To assess inapparent visual field defects in patients with multiple sclerosis free from optic neuritis. During 5 years period 120 patients with multiple sclerosis were examined at the University Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Center. They were divided into three groups with 40 patients each: patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis, referred to ophthalmologist and treated with pulsed steroid therapy; patients with subjective feeling of blurred vision, normal visual acuity and no signs of acute optic neuritis; and patients free from subjective signs of visual impairment. Study patients underwent standard ophthalmologic examination and visual field testing in photopia by use of quantitative kinetic Goldmann perimetry. The initial and control examination by visual field testing were performed at least 6 months apart. Study results showed 65% of multiple sclerosis patients to have visual field defects without subjective signs of impaired vision. The most common defects were mild to moderate visual field narrowing with blind spot enlargement and depression from above. The following results were recorded: acute optic neuritis group: normal in 13/40 (32.5%) for the affected eyes and 27/40 (67.5%) for fellow eyes; mild visual field narrowing in 4/40 (10%) for the affected eyes and 10/40 (25%) for fellow eyes; moderate visual field narrowing with blind spot enlargement in 14/40 (35%) for the affected eyes and 1/40 (2.5%) for fellow eyes; and paracentral and arcuate scotomata in 9/40 (22.5%) for the affected eyes and 2/40 (5%) for fellow eyes; subjective symptom group: normal in 8/40 (20%) for the affected eyes and 11/40 (27.5%) for fellow eyes; mild visual field narrowing in 11/40 (27.5%) for the affected eyes and 16/40 (40%) for fellow eyes; moderate visual field narrowing with blind spot enlargement in 18/40 (45%) for the affected eyes and 10/40 (25%); andparacentral and arcuate scotomata in 3/40 (7.5%) for both affected and fellow eyes; and subjective symptom-free group: normal in 24/80 (30%), mild visual field narrowing in 22/80 (27.5%) moderate visual field narrowing with blind spot enlargement in 24/80 (30%); and paracentral and arcuate scotomata in 10/80 (12.5%). The presence of subclinical form of optic nerve involvement could be demonstrated in a very early stage of multiple sclerosis by the introduction of visual field testing in the standard examination protocol.     

神经生长因子多药联合治疗缺血性视神经病变患者的临床疗效

目的:研究神经生长因子(NGF)多药联合治疗缺血性视神经病变(AION)患者的临床疗效。方法:选择2011年5月至2013年5月在我院接受治疗的AION患者100例(100只眼),根据数字表法随机分成观察组(50例,50只眼)及对照组(50例,50只眼)。对照组给予扩血管药和维生素神经营养性药物控制高血压或糖尿病等合并症,视情况给予糖皮质类激素治疗,观察组在此基础上另给予NGF药物治疗。对比两组疗效、对数视力、视野平均缺损值(MD)及视敏度通过图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP100)P100波的潜伏期,观察两组不良反应。结果:观察组的总有效率为90.00%(45/50),显著高于对照组的74.00%(37/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组在治疗后的对数视力、视野MD以及P-VEP100均有改善,但观察组的改善幅度显著大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:NGF多药联合治疗AION患者疗效更佳,可促进患者视觉功能恢复,值得临床上推广使用。     

三种不同手术方案治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者的疗效比较

目的:研究比较三种不同手术方案治疗急性闭角型青光眼(AACG)合并白内障患者的疗效。方法:选择2012年10月至2015年10月在我院接受手术治疗的AACG合并白内障患者50例(50只眼)进行研究,按患者前房角的粘连关闭程度将其分成A、B、C三组,A组给予小切口囊外摘除术,B组在A组基础上给予前房角分离术,C组在A组基础上给予小梁切除术,比较各组术后疗效。结果:A、B、C三组患者术后的眼压均显著低于术前,前房中央深度和视力均显著高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A、B、C三组术后视力的分布中,0.3~0.5的比例均显著高于0.3及0.5的比例,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后的并发症总发生率为15.79%,B组为31.25%,C组为40.00%,三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:AACG合并白内障患者可通过多种手术方案进行治疗,但应根据房角关闭程度合理地选择最佳术式,从而有效改善患者的症状和视力状况。     

Defects of the Lamina Cribrosa in High Myopia and Glaucoma

Purpose

We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of the defects of the lamina cribrosa (LC) in high myopia and glaucoma, and compared them with control eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods

One hundred fifty-nine eyes of 108 participants were divided into four subgroups; high myopia with glaucoma (MG, 67 eyes of 46 subjects), glaucoma without high myopia (G, 22 eyes of 13 subjects), high myopia without glaucoma (M, 35 eyes of 29 subjects), and a control group with neither glaucoma nor high myopia (C, 35 eyes of 20 subjects). The LC defects were identified and located using a standardized protocol in serial horizontal OCT scans. The prevalence rates of the defects were compared among the groups. Demographic and ocular factors were compared between eyes with and without defects.

Results

LC defects were observed in one eye (0.03%) in the C group, 8 eyes (22.9%) in the M group, 11 eyes (50%) in the G group, and 28 eyes (41.8%) in the MG group. The prevalence rates of the defects differed significantly among the groups (P = 0.0009). Most eyes with defects in the G and MG groups (79.5%) had damage in the corresponding visual hemifields. Other factors such as visual acuity, intraocular pressure, axial length, refractive error, disc ovality, or parapapillary atrophy area did not differ significantly between eyes with and without LC defects.

Conclusions

High myopia and glaucoma significantly increased the risk of LC damage. The LC damage in non-glaucomatous highly myopic eyes may at least partly explain the increased risk of developing glaucoma in myopic eyes.