具新生血管抑制及血管阻断双重作用的肿瘤血管靶向药物研究进展

以血管新生抑制剂和血管阻断剂为代表的肿瘤血管靶向药物作为一种新的抗肿瘤疗法,其研究与开发已取得显著进展,尤其是二者联用已在临床实践中获得更好疗效。因而,近年来具有新生血管抑制和血管阻断双重作用的肿瘤血管靶向药物研究备受关注。这种具双重作用的肿瘤血管靶向药物因同时保持了血管新生抑制剂和血管阻断剂的各自作用特点,在临床肿瘤治疗上更具优势,不仅能一药多靶,增强抗肿瘤疗效,同时还可降低用药剂量,减少毒副作用,提高用药耐受性,故临床应用前景广阔。综述新生血管抑制剂和血管阻断剂的作用机制及特点,介绍具代表性的兼有新生血管抑制和血管阻断双重作用的肿瘤血管靶向药物研究进展。     

甲氨蝶呤联合来氟米特治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效及对血清 CRP、IL-8及 TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探讨甲氨蝶呤联合来氟米特治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)的疗效及对患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年3月我院收治的RA患者106例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(53例)和对照组(53例),两组均给予常规治疗,对照组加用甲氨蝶呤治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用来氟米特治疗,治疗4个月后,评价两组患者的临床疗效、临床症状,并对比两组患者血清CRP、IL-8及TNF-α水平变化。结果:治疗4个月后,观察组临床总有效率为96.23(51/53),高于对照组的79.25(42/53),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前两组晨僵时间、压痛关节数、肿胀关节数等主要临床症状比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗4个月后,两组晨僵时间较治疗前缩短,压痛及肿胀关节数减少,且观察组晨僵时间短于对照组,压痛及肿胀关节数少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者血清CRP、IL-8及TNF-α水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗4个月后,两组血清CRP、IL-8及TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,观察组药物相关不良反应发生率为13.21(7/53),与对照组的11.32(6/53)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲氨蝶呤联合来氟米特治疗RA的疗效理想,可显著改善患者的临床症状及降低血清CRP、IL-8及TNF-α水平。     

依那西普联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎疗效分析

目的:探讨依那西普联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎的疗效。方法:选取2011年至2013年风湿免疫科的60例类风湿关节炎患者,分为对照组和治疗组,其中对照组15例,治疗组45例,两组患者都应用甲氨蝶呤治疗,治疗组患者联合使用依那西普治疗,总疗程12周。比较两组患者治疗前后的临床及实验室指标。采用美国风湿病学会的核心标准作为疗效评定标准。结果:治疗组患者肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)和白细胞介素(interleukin,IL-1)下降明显,与对照组患者相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)均较治疗前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者关节疼痛、关节肿胀和晨僵情况较对照组均有显著的改善(P0.05);治疗组患者的休息痛、患者评分以及HAQ评分均显著优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组患者ACR20和ACR70缓解的比例均高于对照组,且治疗组患者达ACR50缓解的比例显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:依那西普联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎的疗效优于单纯的甲氨蝶呤治疗。     

多聚谷氨酸化甲氨蝶呤与类风湿关节炎疗效和不良反应的相关性 研究进展

甲氨蝶呤(MTX)是治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的首选药物,但 20%~40% 的 RA 患者服用 MTX 无效。MTX 的血浆半衰期短, 其浓度与疗效无相关性。MTX 在红细胞、滑膜细胞等细胞内转化为多聚谷氨酸化甲氨蝶呤(MTXPGs),在细胞内的滞留时间较长,且与 叶酸途径中关键酶的亲和力更强、抗炎作用也更强,因此选用红细胞内 MTXPGs 浓度来预测治疗效果及安全性成为目前研究的重点。综述 MTXPGs 与 RA 疗效和不良反应的相关性研究进展,并对影响 MTX 作用的相关因素进行分析,为临床合理用药提供参考。     

重组人肿瘤坏死因子α衍生物3a(rh-TNFαD3a)与化疗联合治疗恶性肿瘤的研究

研究重组人肿瘤坏死因子α衍生物 3a(rh TNFαD3a)与化疗药物联合应用治疗晚期复治乳腺癌、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤 ,评价其临床疗效及临床安全性。研究表明试验组和对照组疗效比较存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,不良反应较轻可耐受 ;rh TNFαD3a和化疗药物联合应用是治疗晚期复治乳腺癌、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤较为理想的治疗方法     

非小细胞肺癌靶向药物研究的新进展

NSCLC是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,化学治疗对NSCLC的疗效已经达到平台期,但本世纪初靶向治疗研究的突破性进展为人们带来了新的希望。根据靶点的不同将靶向药物分为：以EGFR为靶点、以VEGF为靶点及多靶点药物等,本文将介绍吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、西妥昔单抗等代表药物在NSCLC靶向一线、二线及维持治疗中的新进展。     

非小细胞肺癌靶向药物研究的新进展

NSCLC是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,化学治疗对NSCLC的疗效已经达到平台期,但本世纪初靶向治疗研究的突破性进展为人们带来了新的希望。根据靶点的不同将靶向药物分为:以EGFR为靶点、以VEGF为靶点及多靶点药物等,本文将介绍吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、西妥昔单抗等代表药物在NSCLC靶向一线、二线及维持治疗中的新进展。     

沙利度胺治疗银屑病的疗效及对血清TNF-α、VEGF和bFGF的影响

目的:探讨沙利度胺治疗银屑病的疗效及对患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的影响。方法:选择2014年6月至2016年6月我院收治的80例中重度寻常型银屑病患者为研究对象,将其完全随机化分为实验组和对照组,各40例。实验组口服沙利度胺,对照组口服甲氨蝶呤,均治疗10周。采用银屑病皮损面积和严重指数评分标准(PASI评分)评价治疗效果,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清TNF-α、VEGF和bFGF水平,并进行安全性评价。结果:实验组治疗有效率为72.50%,高于对照组的47.50%,而不良反应发生率为5.00%,低于对照组的20.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清TNF-α、VEGF和bFGF水平明显低于治疗前,且实验组治疗后血清TNF-α、VEGF和b FGF水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:沙利度胺治疗银屑病具有较好疗效,且不良反应发生率较低,其作用机制可能与抑制患者血清中TNF-α、VEGF和bFGF的表达有关。     

甲氨蝶呤两种应用方案联合米非司酮治疗异位妊娠的临床研究

目的:探讨甲氨蝶呤两种不同应用方法联合米非司酮治疗异位妊娠的临床效果。方法:从我院2012年8月到2015年9间收治的异位妊娠患者中选取94例,根据其就诊顺序,随机分为研究A组和研究B组,各47例。研究A组采用甲氨蝶呤(每日剂量0.4mg/kg)联合米非司酮治疗,研究B组采用与研究A组相同剂量的米非司酮联合甲氨蝶呤(每日剂量1.0mg/kg)治疗,疗程结束后,将两组的治疗效果以及治疗安全性进行分析和对比。结果:研究A组的治疗总有效率要稍高于研究B组,其对比存在著差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组在治疗第4d、第7d时的血β-h CG水平均有所下降,但研究B组的平均血β-h CG水平要明显低于研究A组,其对比差异显著,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针对异位妊娠症,采用0.4mg/kg剂量的甲氨蝶呤与米非司酮联合治疗能够充分发挥药物疗效,降低药物不良反应,可在临床工作中借鉴和利用。     

甲氨蝶呤治疗银屑病关节炎的护理

回顾性总结38例应用甲氨蝶呤治疗银屑病关节炎的护理经验,认为在护理该类患者时,护理重点是使病人保持心态平和,采用科学的治疗方法,坚持长期治疗的信心和健康的生活方式,药物的正确的使用和副作用的监测观察是服用药物提高疗效的保证。     

Bee venom suppresses testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by regulating the inflammatory response and apoptosis

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is a common disorder in aging men, involves inflammation that is associated with an imbalance between cell proliferation and cell death. Because current BPH drug treatments have undesirable side effects, the development of well-tolerated and effective alternative medicines to treat BPH is of interest. Bee venom (BV) has been used in traditional medicine to treat conditions, such as arthritis and rheumatism, and pain. Although inflammation has been associated with BPH and BV has strong anti-inflammatory effects, the effects of BV on BPH are not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of BV against testosterone-induced BPH in rats. BV decreased prostate weight compared to the untreated group. In addition, BV suppressed serum dihydrotestosterone concentration levels and the levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the histological analysis. Furthermore, BV significantly decreased the levels of the apoptotic suppressors, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and increased the levels of the proapoptotic factors, Bax and caspase-3 activation. These results suggested that BV suppressed the development of BPH and has good potential as a treatment for BPH.     

Further study of the L forms of Streptococci in blood cultures from the patients with rheumatic fever depending on the course of the disease and the methods of cultivation]

Cultures of blood from patients with rheumatism during the active and inactive phases of the disease, treated and untreated with antibiotics were studied. The following results were obtained in blood cultures (on Klodnisky's medium with a 0.01% cystine) of 105 patients with rheumatism: L-forms of streptococcus were isolated in the 88 cases, irrespective of the severity of the disease or the treatment, streptococcus--in 8, and the result proved to be negative in 9 cases. Hemoculture on broth with a 1% glucose solution proved to be positive (streptococcus) in one patient only. The constancy with which the L-forms of streptococcus were isolated in hemocultures from the patients with rheumatism and also the peculiarity of their pathogenic properties modelling the rheumatism under experimental conditions pointed to their role in the pathogenesis of rheumatism. A method of isolation of hemocultures on Klodnitsky's medium with a 0.01% cystine can be recommended for the diagnosis of a septic condition caused by the L-forms of streptococcus in patients suffering from rheumatism.     

A comparative evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of different forms of benzathine benzylpenicillin]

Comparative randomized opened pharmacokinetic evaluation of benzathine benzylpenicillin in three dosage forms was performed. Benzathine benzylpenicillin was used as extencilline (2.4 million U or 1.2 million U, "Rh?ne-Poulenc Rorer", France) and as bicillin-5 (1.5 million U, "Synthesis" Russia). 33 patients were included in investigation (23 women and 10 men aged 16-60 years). 25 persons had verified rheumatism without blood circulation failure signs, 4--had chronic tonsillitis and 4 were healthy volunteers. Benzylpenicillin concentration was estimated by microbiology test in blood samples taken at 1, 3, 24 hours and 7, 14 and 21 days after intramuscular drug injection. After 2.4 million U extencilline injection (12 patients) its concentration, was at the inhibition level for beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A (25 ng/ml) for 3 weeks-period in 83.3 per cent of patients. After 1.2 million U extencilline injection (10 patients) or 1.5 million U bicillin-5 injection (12 patients) the above mentioned concentration was achieved on the 21st day in 30 and 0 per cent of patients respectively. Thus the treatment with benzathine benzylpenicillin at the 1.2 million U dose in the form of extencilline or bicillin-5 doesn't provide adequate antistreptococcal concentration in blood in prolonged period and is not suitable for correct rheumatism prophylaxis in adult patients.     

Knowledge and Uses of African Pangolins as a Source of Traditional Medicine in Ghana

Traditional medicine has been practised in Ghana for centuries with the majority of Ghanaians still patronising the services of traditional healers. Throughout Africa a large number of people use pangolins as a source of traditional medicine, however, there is a dearth of information on the use of animals in folk medicine in Ghana, in particular the use of pangolins. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalent use of pangolins and the level of knowledge of pangolin use among traditional healers in Ghana for the treatment of human ailments. Data was gathered from 48 traditional healers using semi-structured interviews on the traditional medicinal use of pangolin body parts in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana. The cultural importance index, relative frequency of citation, informant agreement ratio and use agreement values were calculated to ascertain the most culturally important pangolin body part as well as the level of knowledge dissemination among traditional healers with regards pangolin body parts. Our study revealed that 13 body parts of pangolins are used to treat various medicinal ailments. Pangolin scales and bones were the most prevalent prescribed body parts and indicated the highest cultural significance among traditional healing practices primarily for the treatment of spiritual protection, rheumatism, financial rituals and convulsions. Despite being classified under Schedule 1 of Ghana’s Wildlife Conservation Act of 1971 (LI 685), that prohibits anyone from hunting or being in possession of a pangolin, our results indicated that the use of pangolins for traditional medicinal purposes is widespread among traditional healers in Ghana. A study on the population status and ecology of the three species of African pangolins occurring in Ghana is urgently required in order to determine the impact this harvest for traditional medical purposes has on their respective populations as current levels appear to be unmonitored and unsustainable.     

Correction of secondary immunologic deficiency by using yeast RNA

In patients with rheumatism, chronic alcoholism and peptic ulcer immune deficiency mainly with respect to T-lymphocytes has been detected. The injection of sodium nucleinate simultaneously with the use of traditional therapeutic remedies induces the correction of secondary immune deficiency for a period of 6-9 months.     

Coxsackie A 13 virus in the foci of rheumatism.

Faeces and nasopharyngeal washing were examined in 12 patients and 27 contacts of these patients in family foci (primary foci) of rheumatism and in 37 patients and 32 contacts of these patients in secondary foci of rheumatism (in hospitals). Results of stimultaneous examinations of 127 children of the control groups served as the control. An analysis of the results of the investigation showed the Coxsackie A 13 virus was found considerably more frequently in both the patients (83.3%) and their contacts (148.1%) in the primary foci of rheumatism than outside these foci (11.9--15.3%). The difference is statistically significant. Wide distribution of Coxsackie A 13 virus was also observed in clinical departments in which children were hospitalized at the acute stage of rheumatism. We failed to establish marked differences in the rate of detection of other viruses in the foci of rheumatism in comparison with the control groups.     

角蒿生物碱及镇痛活性物质

角蒿(Incarvillea sinensis)为透骨草的主要来源之一,称为“羊角透骨草”,具有祛风除湿、消肿止痛之功效。从其全草分离得到了多种新的单萜生物碱和大环精胺类生物碱,其中单萜生物碱之一角蒿酯碱(incarvillateine),具有很强的镇痛活性,且作用机理不同于吗啡。角蒿酯碱已成为开发新型非麻醉性镇痛新药的重要先导化合物,本文对角蒿的化学成分、镇痛活性、作用机理和构效关系的研究作一综述。     

The level of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies and total antibodies to the low-molecular, cell-wall protein of Streptococcus group A without type specificity in the serum of patients with a streptococcal infection

The levels of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies, as well as total antibodies, to group A streptococcal low-molecular cell-wall protein without type specificity were studied in the sera of patients with primary erysipelas, rheumatism in the active and inactive phases, seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, as well as in the sera of healthy donors. The average level of antibodies to low-molecular protein in the sera of all groups of patients was significantly higher than the sera of healthy donors. The analysis of the distribution of antibodies in accordance with their isotypes revealed the specific features of response, characteristic of each group of patients. For rheumatism patients, the positive correlation between response to low-molecular protein and response to group-specific polysaccharide A was established. This correlation was most pronounced in patients with rheumatism in the inactive phase.     

A review of the taxonomy,ethno-botany and pharmacological activity of Atalantia monophylla L

The Atalantia monophylla (L), is commonly known as kattu elumichai in Tamil belonging to the family Rutaceae have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes like anti-arthritis Chronic rheumatism, Chronic dyspepsia, fever and cough. Consumption of the fruit juice every day, in the evenings cure belly pain and bloating, nausea, heat burns,vomiting and stomach pain, headache, and paralysis, rheumatoid pain, joint pain, glandular swelling stimulant, hemiplegia, malarial fever, itching,crack or other skin diseases in the male or female organs. The plant has been predictable in traditional reports for treatment of infection diseases. In this review gives a comprehensive summary of ethano-botanical uses chemical components, biological effects of this species. Chemical consistent such as (alkaloids, limonoids, tetranortriterpenoids) also included different kinds of preparation and extracts prepared from various solvent compounds. The isolation from this species has been proven to be entire spectrum of biological and pharmacological such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, larvicidal, tissue culture activities. The previous literature indicates that it has higher different activities were showed potential activities based on the obtained data. We concluded that this species has been potential therapeutic properties for use as a pharmaceutical sectors.     

中兽医理论在宠物疾病诊治中营养调理的应用

本文分别介绍了中兽医理论在宠物胃肠道疾患、免疫功能调节和皮肤病诊治中营养调理的应用。表明配合宠物医生医治宠物疾病而达成对机体的营养调理,是用药物治疗疾病的方法之外的辅助治疗手段。