应用PCR对尖锐湿疣和外耳道乳头状瘤中HPV DNA的分型检测

从手术切除的24例女性和12例男性尖锐湿疣新鲜标本中,以及42例女性尖锐湿疣、16例男性外耳道乳头状瘤和4例女性假性湿疣的石蜡包埋标本中,提取组织的基因组DNA,用人工合成的人乳头瘤病毒6.11和16型E6区特异性寡聚核苷酸引物,通过PCR进行HPV DNA的分型检测。结果66例女性尖锐湿疣中,感染HPV6型者4例,感染11型者12例,6+11型混合感染者49例;阴性1例,总检出率达98.4％。4例女性假性湿疣中1例为HPV6型感染,阳性率25％。16例男性外耳道乳头状瘤中HPV6+11型感染者5例,6+16型感染者3例,6+11+16型多重感染者8例,阳性率100％。12例男性尖锐湿疣中,HPV11型感染者7例,6+11型4例,阴性1例,总阳性率91.6％。还对细胞学上空泡化和非典型空泡化尖锐湿疣标本的HPV感染做了比较,未发现差异。     

HPV和HCMV在慢性宫颈炎病人中的分布及相关性研究

本文采用DNA-DNA分子杂交技术对病理组织学确诊的87例慢性宫颈炎患者和25例健康宫颈的宫颈活检组织DNA进行了HPV 6、11、16、18型DNA及HCMV HindⅢE片段检测。结果表明,对照宫颈检出率全部为0,慢性宫颈炎检出率HPV 6为16％,HPVll为12.6％,HPV16为11.5％,HPVl8为5％,总的HPV DNA相关序列为29.0％,HCMV为12.64％。经显著性检验,HPV DNA相关序列检出率在慢性宫颈炎与对照组间具显著性差异,HPV DNA相关序列阳性者患慢性宫颈炎的危险性为HPV DNA相关序列阴性者20.81的倍。本实验结果还表明HCMV阳性患者中72.7％的病人同时有HPV感染,提示HCMV感染与HPV感染有关。     

用光敏生物素标记探针检测宫颈癌、尖锐湿疣及假性湿疣组织中HPV DNA

人乳头瘤病毒(简称HPV)能引起人皮肤及粘膜的多种良恶性肿瘤,特别多见于女性生殖系统如宫颈癌、尖锐湿疣和假性湿疣。但由于HPV尚不能在体外细胞培养中增殖,因此目前对其研究主要用核酸杂交和PCR方法,检测HPV DNA。本文采用光敏生物素标记HPV16、HPV18 DNA探针,分别对宫颈癌组织进行斑点杂交,检测宫颈癌组织中HPV16、18DNA并以正常宫颈组织做对照。以同样方法用HPV6b DNA探针检测尖锐湿疣及假性湿疣组织中HPV6b DNA。结果如下:18例宫颈癌组织中仅有1例与HPV16 DNA探针杂交阳性(5.7%);10例与HPV18杂交刚性(55.6%);4例为HPV16+18混合杂交阳性(22.2%)。12例尖锐湿疣组织中8例与HPV6b DNA杂交阳性(66.7%);12例假性湿疣组织中有6例与HPV6b探针杂交阳性(50%)。10例正常宫颈组织对照均为阴性。     

应用树状DNA杂交(DDH)对生殖道尖锐湿疣中HPV DNA的分型检测

从手术切除的50例生殖道尖锐湿疣新鲜标本中,以及15例正常人血清中,提取基因组DNA,同时用树状DNA杂交(dendrimer DNA hybridizalion,DDH)技术和PCR进行HPV DNA的分型检测.结果50例尖锐湿疣中,以DDH方法检测,感染HPV6型者20例,感染11型者24例,6/11型混合感染者3例,阴性3例,总检测率达94%;以PCR方法检测,HPV6型感染者21例,11型感染者24例,6/11型混合感染者3例,阴性2例,总检测率为96%.15例正常人血清中,以DDH方法检测,HPV感染的假阳性率为0%;以PCR检测,假阳性率为6.67%.还以HPV阳性标本对DDH方法做了敏感度的测定,结果阳性病例DNA检测最低浓度为97.28pg/ml.研究表明,DDH技术具有较高敏感性和高特异性,且成本较低,操作安全简便,可适用于基层中小医院较大样本量筛查.     

皮肤性病患者人乳头瘤病毒基因分型检测的临床分析

目的:了解皮肤性病患者不同病变类型中的HPV感染型别。方法:选择2014年6月~2015年6月我科门诊就诊者368例,分为4个组别:尖锐湿疣患者组242例,鲍温样丘疹病患者18例,男性冠状沟珍珠疹和女性假性湿疣70例,未见任何皮疹且醋酸白试验阴性的体检者38例。采用PCR-反向点杂交法检测皮损或外阴局部HPV-DNA亚型,并用SPSS11.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:(1)HPV-DNA的总检出率为72.9%,其中单一型别感染率57.1%,多重感染率15.8%;(2)268例HPV阳性标本中,高危型感染占51.9%,低危型和混合型的阳性率分别为33.2%、14.9%;(3)尖锐湿疣组和鲍温样丘疹病患者组HPV-DNA的阳性率分别为97.9%、88.9%,而男性珍珠疹和女性假性湿疣组以及要求体检人群的阳性率分别为14.3%和13.2%;从感染型别分析,尖锐湿疣主要是6、11、16、18、31、33、35、43和66亚型,鲍温样丘疹病患者主要是16亚型,男性珍珠疹和女性假性湿疣以及要求体检人群的感染型别主要是低危型感染,分别是6、42、43、81和6、42、83;(4)在被检测的18个高危HPV亚型中,最常见类型依次为HPVl6、18、58、56、33、52、68、31、39,未检测出HPV35、45、51、53、59、66、73和82亚型;在被检测的5个低危HPV-DNA亚型中依次为HPV6、11、42和43,未检测出81亚型。结论:HPV感染以单一型别感染为主,且以高危型为主,应该重视临床HPV感染亚型的检测,尤其是高危型HPV感染者的随访管理。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染与女性生殖道常见病原菌和宫颈病变的关系

目的:探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与女性生殖道常见病原菌以及宫颈病变的关系。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年6月于成都市妇女儿童中心医院进行宫颈癌筛查的732例妇女为研究对象,所有受试者均行HPV检测、生殖道病原菌检测,判定宫颈病变程度,统计高危型HPV感染及亚型分布特征,分析高危型HPV感染与女性生殖道常见病原菌和宫颈病变的关系。结果:732例妇女HPV感染率为44.95%,高危型HPV占85.11%,HPV-16在高危型HPV中占比最高。生殖道常见病原菌中感染率最高的是沙眼衣原体,感染率为18.99%,存在女性生殖道常见病原菌感染者高危型HPV的检出率高于未感染者(P0.05),而低危型HPV检出率在女性生殖道常见病原菌感染者和未感染者无统计学差异(P0.05)。高危型HPV检出率随着宫颈病变程度加重而升高(P0.05)。结论:高危型HPV感染与女性常见生殖道病原菌感染和宫颈病变程度有关,高危型HPV感染率越高,发生宫颈癌的危险性越大。     

快速检测尖锐湿疣组织中人乳头瘤病毒6型和11型DNA的研究

本文应用聚合酶链反应技术对30例人生殖器尖锐湿疣 组织中HPV6,11DNA的存在进行了检测研究。结果发现HPV6,HPV11DNA的阳性率分别为60×,90％HPV6,HPV11DNA双重检出率为53．3％,总阳性率达96．67％,本文结果证实HPV6,11的感染和尖锐湿疣的发生密切相关。本文检测方法具有快速、灵敏、特异性强的优点,为HPVDNA的检测及其分型研究提供了有效的手段。作者还对两例女阴假性湿疣进行PCR扩增,结果似乎不支持女阴假性湿疣的HPV感染的病因学。     

肛管内尖锐湿疣的治疗及HPV基因分型检测

目的:探讨降低肛管内尖锐湿疣复发率的治疗措施。方法:采用导流杂交基因芯片技术检测HPV基因分型。108例肛管内尖锐湿疣患者初次治疗为CO_2激光治疗去除疣体后,给予5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法(ALA-PDT),每周1次,共3次。末次治疗后随访6个月,复发患者再次CO_2激光治疗去除疣体后,给予ALA-PDT治疗,每周1次,共10次,结束后外用咪喹莫特乳膏,每周3次,共12周,随访6个月,观察临床疗效和复发率。结果:108例尖锐湿疣患者中HPV阳性者81例,阴性者27例,HPV感染率75.0%。一重HPV感染51例,占47.2%,一重感染中HPV 6型为30例,阳性检出率为27.8%,是主要的感染型别,HPV 11型21例,阳性检出率为19.4%。多重HPV感染30例,阳性检出率27.8%。所有患者经初次治疗后痊愈率为79.6%,有效率为100.0%,复发率为22.1%;对复发患者进行再次治疗后,痊愈率为52.7%,有效率为100.0%,复发率为20.0%,两次治疗之后总的复发率为2.6%(2/77)。结论:肛管内尖锐湿疣组织感染的HPV基因型别主要为HPV6、HPV11及HPV6+HPV11。CO_2激光联合ALA-PPT及外用咪喹莫特软膏治疗肛管内尖锐湿疣,可显著降低肛管内尖锐湿疣的复发率。     

采用PCR-测序法对北京地区325例妇女宫颈脱落细胞样品中人乳头瘤病毒进行检测和基因分型

为了探讨PCR-测序法在宫颈脱落细胞样品中人乳头瘤病毒 (Human papillomavirus, HPV) 临床检测中的应用价值,采用HPV通用引物PGMY09/11针对HPV L1区基因序列进行PCR扩增,并通过DNA测序法对HPV进行基因分型。对于混合感染样品,利用HPV型别特异性引物PCR的方法进行基因分型。325例临床样品中,228例为HPV阳性,其中66例为混合感染。共发现27种不同的HPV型别,其中HPV 16比例最多,其次是HPV 58和52。高危型HPV检出率随病变程度加重显著性增加     

高危人乳头瘤病毒基因型与宫颈癌筛查

应用第二代基因杂交捕获技术（HC-Ⅱ）对7068例21-58岁妇女官颈细胞进行13种高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）DNA的检测。该人群中13种高危型HPVDNA的总检出率为23．45％。在检出的1440例HPV阳性者中,宫颈癌、官颈上皮内高度病变（CINⅡ／Ⅲ）及宫颈上皮内低度病变（CINⅠ）的高危型HPVDNA检出率分别为100％、100％、65．06％。女性生殖道高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌及CIN流行的主要危险因素,提示言颈癌的防治应重点预防HPV感染,而对HPV感染的筛查和密切监测应是已感染高危型HPV的对象;     

Good agreements between self and clinician-collected specimens for the detection of human papillomavirus in Brazilian patients

Women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) are at a higher risk of developing cervical lesions. In the current study, self and clinician-collected vaginal and cervical samples from women were processed to detect HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with PGMY09/11 primers. HPV genotypes were determined using type-specific PCR. HPV DNA detection showed good concordance between self and clinician-collected samples (84.6%; kappa = 0.72). HPV infection was found in 30% women and genotyping was more concordant among high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) than low-risk HPV (HR-HPV). HPV16 was the most frequently detected among the HR-HPV types. LR-HPV was detected at a higher frequency in self-collected; however, HR-HPV types were more frequently identified in clinician-collected samples than in self-collected samples. HPV infections of multiple types were detected in 20.5% of clinician-collected samples and 15.5% of self-collected samples. In this study, we demonstrated that the HPV DNA detection rate in self-collected samples has good agreement with that of clinician-collected samples. Self-collected sampling, as a primary prevention strategy in countries with few resources, could be effective for identifying cases of HR-HPV, being more acceptable. The use of this method would enhance the coverage of screening programs for cervical cancer.     

Detection and identification of human papillomavirus types isolated from Korean patients with flat warts

Flat warts, also called verruca planna (VP) or juvenile warts, are benign epithelial proliferations of the skin caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV). Several HPV types are known to be associated with flat warts, and particularly HPV type 3 and 10 have been most frequently reported in other countries. In this study, for the detection and typing of human papillomavirus isolated from Korean patients with flat warts, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction endonuclease digestion were carried out with a set of restriction endonucleases, using the cloned HPV DNA and DNA from clinical specimens. A unique digestion pattern for HPV type 3 and 10, a form of miniature fingerprinting, enabled us to identify HPV type from the amplified fragments. A total of thirty clinical samples, as either frozen tissue or paraffin-embedded tissue, were investigated to verify the type. All the clinical samples except one were con-firmed to be type 3, one of the most frequently observed types in flat warts, and one sample was neither type 3 nor type 10. Further investigation of the unidentified sample by DNA sequencing and sequence alignment with other known HPV types revealed that the sample was a variant of HPV type 94, one of the EV-related HPVs, with the closest evolutionary distance to the HPV type 10 among the known flat wart-associated HPV types.     

Detection and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus in Urine Samples from Unvaccinated Male and Female Adolescents in Italy

The introduction of vaccination against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in adolescent girls in 2006 has focused virological surveillance on this age group. As few studies have evaluated HPV infections in young populations, further data are needed in order to improve and extend prophylactic policy and to monitor epidemiological changes. The present study aimed at evaluating overall and type-specific HPV prevalence in both female and male adolescents in Italy. HPV DNA detection and genotyping was performed on urine samples collected from 870 unvaccinated adolescents (369 females, 501 males, 11-18 years of age) in five cities in Italy. Following DNA extraction by means of a commercial kit (NucliSENS^®-miniMAG^®, bioMérieux), the L1 gene fragment was PCR amplified and genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. HPV DNA was detected in 1.5% of all samples, and in 3% and 0.4% of samples from females and males, respectively. In approximately 70% of HPV DNA positive adolescents, the infection was due to a single genotype, with 88.9% of genotypes belonging to the HR-clade. The only two HPV-positive boys (14 and 18 years old) had HPV-70 genotype. Only one of the 11 HPV-infected girls was in the 11-14 age-group. HPV prevalence was 4.2% in girls aged 15-18 years and 60% of infections were due to vaccine types HPV-16 or HPV-6/-11. This is one of the few studies, the first conducted in Italy, on HPV infection in adolescents. Urine testing is the easier way of detecting HPV infection in younger populations. Our data revealed a very low HPV prevalence, and no infections were observed in the 12-year-old vaccine target population. The majority of infections were seen in females aged 15-18 years. Overall, more than 50% and 30% of the potentially persistent HPV infections detected in this group could have been prevented by the quadrivalent and the bivalent vaccines, respectively.     

Characterization of a New Type of Human Papillomavirus That Causes Skin Warts

A human papillomavirus (HPV) was isolated from the lesions of a patient (ML) bearing numerous hand common warts. This virus was compared with the well-characterized HPV found in typical plantar warts (plantar HPV). ML and plantar HPV DNAs have similar molecular weights (5.26 x 10(6) and 5.23 x 10(6), respectively) but were shown to be different by restriction enzyme analysis. When the cleavage products of both DNAs by endonuclease EcoRI, BamI, HpaI, or Hind were analyzed by electron microscopy, one, two, one, and four fragments were detected for ML HPV DNA instead of the two, one, two, and six fragments, respectively, detected for plantar HPV DNA. In contrast to plantar HPV DNA, a high proportion of ML HPV DNA molecules were resistant to these restriction enzymes. Most, if not all, of the molecules were either resistant to BamI and sensitive to EcoRI or sensitive to BamI and resistant to EcoRI. After denaturation and renaturation of the cleavage products of ML HPV DNA by a mixture of the two enzymes, the circular "heteroduplexes" formed showed one to three heterology loops corresponding to about 4 to 8% of the genome length. No sequence homology was detected between ML and plantar HPV DNAs by cRNA-DNA filter hybridization, by measuring the reassociation kinetics of an iodinated plantar HPV DNA in the presence of a 25-fold excess of ML HPV DNA, or by the heteroduplex technique. The two viruses had distinct electrophoretic polypeptide patterns and showed no antigenic cross-reaction by immunodiffusion or immunofluorescence techniques. Preliminary cRNA-DNA hybridization experiments, using viral DNAs from single or pooled plantar or hand warts, suggest that hand common warts are associated with viruses similar or related to ML HPV. The existence of at least two distinct types of HPVs that cause skin warts was demonstrated; they were provisionally called HPV type 1 and HPV type 2, with plantar HPV and ML HPV as prototypical viruses, respectively.     

Detection of HPV Types and Neutralizing Antibodies in Women with Genital Warts in Tianjin City,China

The serum samples and corresponding cervical swabs were collected from 50 women with genital warts from Tianjin city,China.The neutralizing antibodies against HPV-16,-18,-58,-45,-6 and-11 in serum samples were tested by using pseudovirus-based neutralization assays and HPV DNAs in cervical swabs were also tested by using a typing kit that can detect 21 types of HPV.The results revealed that 36%(18/50)of sera were positive for type-specific neutralizing antibodies with a titer range of 160-2560,of which 22%(...     

Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small non-enveloped icosahedral virus with a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 8 kilo base pairs. HPV particles reach and infect the basal cells of the stratified epithelia through small epithelial lesions. In the basal cells the viral DNA is maintained as episomes, which start to replicate when the host cells initiate terminal differentiation. In these differentiating cells the degradation of p53 by the E6 protein and the abrogation of the pRb functions by the E7 protein lead to the reactivation of the DNA synthesis machinery. After virus propagation the host cells usually die. On the other hand, in some of the infected cells, the E6 and E7 genes are integrated on rare occasion into cell DNA. The cell continuously expressing the E6 and E7 proteins from the integrated genes is immortalized and sometimes acquires malignant phenotype induced by the accumulated damages to DNA. Of more than 100 HPV genotypes recorded to date, 13 including types 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer. Expression of HPV major capsid protein L1 in some cultured cells results in production of virus-like particles (VLPs). The VLPs of types 6, 11, 16, and 18 were used as a prophylactic vaccine in recent clinical trials and shown to successfully induce type-specific neutralizing antibodies in the recipients.     

Viral load of HPV 16/18 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in three ethnic groups living in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China

To investigate the viral load of human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients from three ethnic groups in Xinjiang. Using Gp5+/Gp6+ consensus primers, the prevalence of HPV DNA was examined in 253 paraffin-embedded ESCC samples. The presence and viral load of HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected in Kazakhs, Uygurs and Hans using type-specific primers by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Among the 253 ESCC samples, 52 cases were positive for HPV DNA, all the 52 positive cases displayed HPV 16 infection, and six of the 52 cases were co-infected by HPV 16 and 18. HPV 16-positive rate and viral load were higher in lesions, and was inversely correlated with differentiation grades. However, there was no statistic significance among different differentiation grades. Also, there were no significant difference between detection rates of HPV types, viral load and age, gender, ethnic group, and lymph node metastasis. HPV 16 and HPV 18 genotypes could simultaneously be detected in ESCC specimens in three main ethnic groups in Xinjiang. The viral load of HPV 16 is higher in the ESCC lesions, and is inversely correlated with the differentiation grades. These observations reinforce the suggestion that HPV infection may involved in ESCC carcinogenesis; however, high prevalence or viral load of HPV infection does not seem to be related with high incidence of ESCC in Kazakhs, which may be the one element among the multiple risk factors contributing to ESCC.     

Detection of HPV types and neutralizing antibodies in women with genital warts in Tianjin City,China

The serum samples and corresponding cervical swabs were collected from 50 women with genital warts from Tianjin city, China. The neutralizing antibodies against HPV-16, -18, -58, -45, -6 and -11 in serum samples were tested by using pseudovirus-based neutralization assays and HPV DNAs in cervical swabs were also tested by using a typing kit that can detect 21 types of HPV. The results revealed that 36% (18/50) of sera were positive for type-specific neutralizing antibodies with a titer range of 160–2560, of which 22%(11/50), 12%(6/50), 10%(5/50), 4%(2/50), 4%(2/50) and 2%(1/50) were against HPVs -6, -16, -18, -58, -45 and -11, respectively. Additionally, 60% (30/50) of samples were HPV DNA-positive, in which the most common types detected were HPV-68(18%), HPV-16(14%), HPV-58(12%), HPV-33(8%) and HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-18 and HPV-52 (6% each). The concordance between HPV DNA and corresponding neutralizing antibodies was 56% (28/50) with a significant difference (P<0.05). The full-length sequences of five HPV types (HPV -42, -52, -53, -58 and -68) were determined and exhibited 98%–100% identities with their reported genomes. The present data may have utility for investigating the natural history of HPV infection and promote the development of HPV vaccines.     

Characterization of Two Novel Gammapapillomaviruses,HPV179 and HPV184, Isolated from Common Warts of a Renal-Transplant Recipient

Gammapapillomavirus (Gamma-PV) is a diverse and rapidly expanding PV-genus, currently consisting of 76 fully characterized human papillomavirus (HPV) types. In this study, DNA genomes of two novel HPV types, HPV179 and HPV184, obtained from two distinct facial verrucae vulgares specimens of a 64 year-old renal-transplant recipient, were fully cloned, sequenced and characterized. HPV179 and HPV184 genomes comprise 7,228-bp and 7,324-bp, respectively, and contain four early (E1, E2, E6 and E7) and two late genes (L1 and L2); the non-coding region is typically positioned between L1 and E6 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the L1 nucleotide sequence placed both novel types within the Gamma-PV genus: HPV179 was classified as a novel member of species Gamma-15, additionally containing HPV135 and HPV146, while HPV184 was classified as a single member of a novel species Gamma-25. HPV179 and HPV184 type-specific quantitative real-time PCRs were further developed and used in combination with human beta-globin gene quantitative real-time PCR to determine the prevalence and viral load of the novel types in the patient’s facial warts and several follow-up skin specimens, and in a representative collection, a total of 569 samples, of HPV-associated benign and malignant neoplasms, hair follicles and anal and oral mucosa specimens obtained from immunocompetent individuals. HPV179 and HPV184 viral loads in patients’ facial warts were estimated to be 2,463 and 3,200 genome copies per single cell, respectively, suggesting their active role in the development of common warts in organ-transplant recipients. In addition, in this particular patient, both novel types had established a persistent infection of the skin for more than four years. Among immunocompetent individuals, HPV179 was further detected in low-copy numbers in a few skin specimens, indicating its cutaneous tissue tropism, while HPV184 was further detected in low-copy numbers in one mucosal and a few skin specimens, suggesting its dual tissue tropism.     

Comparison of MY09/11 consensus PCR and type-specific PCRs in the detection of oncogenic HPV types

The causal relationship between persistent infection with high-risk HPV and cervical cancer has resulted in the development of HPV DNA detection systems. The widely used MY09/11 consensus PCR targets a 450bp conserved sequence in the HPV L1 gene, and can therefore amplify a broad spectrum of HPV types. However, limitations of these consensus primers are evident, particularly in regard to the variability in detection sensitivity among different HPV types. This study compared MY09/11 PCR with type-specific PCRs in the detection of oncogenic HPV types. The study population comprised 15, 774 patients. Consensus PCR failed to detect 522 (10.9%) HPV infections indicated by type-specific PCRs. A significant correlation between failure of consensus PCR and HPV type was found. HPV types 51, 68 and 45 were missed most frequently. The clinical relevance of the HPV infections missed by MY09/11 PCR was reflected in the fraction of cases with cytological abnormalities and in follow-up, showing 104 (25.4%) CIN2+ cases. The MY09/11 false negativity could be the result of poor sensitivity, mismatch of MY09/11 primers or disruption of L1 target by HPV integration or DNA degradation. Furthermore, MY09/11 PCR lacked specificity for oncogenic HPVs. Diagnostic accuracy of the PCR systems, in terms of sensitivity (MY09/11 PCR: 87.9%; type-specific PCRs: 98.3%) and specificity (MY09/11 PCR: 38.7%; type-specific PCRs: 76.14%), and predictive values for histologically confirmed CIN2+, suggest that type-specific PCRs could be used in a clinical setting as a reliable screening tool.