黄土区森林植被对坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的影响

根据山西省吉县蔡家川流域198～2003年9个径流小区的降雨产流产沙的定位观测资料,分析了植被对流域坡面尺度降雨产流产沙的影响.结果表明,坡面自然更新的次生林比人工刺槐林具有更好的涵养水源和保持水土功能,场降雨产流量和产沙量分别减少约65%～82%和23%～92%;多元回归分析表明,场降雨产流量和产沙量与降雨量和雨强均呈良好的相关关系,但随着林分郁闭度增大,相关关系减小.不同地类的降雨产流产沙差异显著,虎榛子灌木林和天然次生林最少,而人工刺槐、油松林约是虎榛子灌木林的倍,果农复合经营模式的产流产沙量分别是虎榛子灌木林的17.14倍和3.96倍;果农复合经营模式在高质量、大工程整地后产流产沙明显减少.对坡面产流产沙的影响因子灰色关联分析,林分郁闭度和草本、枯落物生物量对坡面产流产沙影响显著,关联度值均大于0.6.     

不同降雨条件下坡长对喀斯特坡面土壤侵蚀的影响

基于2012—2014年对贵州省石桥小流域布设的5个坡长(5、10、15、20、25 m)径流小区的59次侵蚀性降雨条件下的产流产沙数据,分析不同降雨条件下喀斯特裸坡产流产沙与坡长的关系。结果表明: 研究区坡面产流量随坡长的增加总体呈先减少后增加再减少的趋势,产沙量随坡长的增加先上升后下降。研究区59次侵蚀性降雨按降雨量、降雨历时和平均雨强可分为3种雨型,分别为A雨型(短历时、大雨强、小雨量)、B雨型(中历时、小雨强、中雨量)、C雨型(长历时、中雨强、大雨量)。不同雨型下坡面产流产沙量与坡长的关系存在一定差异,A和B雨型下存在20 m左右的临界产沙坡长,C雨型下产沙量随坡长的增加逐渐加大。不同雨型下,坡长与产流产沙量均存在较好的三次函数关系。不同坡长间产流产沙量的变幅不同,除15~20 m坡长外,C雨型产流产沙量变幅相对较大,尤其产沙量的变幅显著高于其他雨型。不同雨型的坡面产流总量依次为A雨型＞B雨型＞C雨型;B雨型坡面产沙量最小,20 m坡长处A雨型产沙量最大,其他坡长处C雨型产沙量最大。A雨型(研究区常见雨型)下降雨复合因子较降雨单因子与产流产沙量的相关性更好,降雨量(P)、降雨历时与最大30 min雨强的乘积(TI₃₀)、降雨历时与平均雨强的乘积(TI)、降雨量与降雨历时的乘积(PT)与产流产沙呈极显著相关,其中,P和TI与产流量的相关性最强,二者与产流量在不同坡长间的关系可用线性方程和S型曲线表示,各坡长产沙量与其对应的降雨因子均存在较好的3次函数关系。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区林地水文生态效应

根据安塞水土保持试验站1993～2002年林地径流小区的降雨产流产沙的定位观测资料及2002年土壤含水量资料,分析了不同树种对坡面尺度降雨产流产沙及土壤水分的影响.结果表明:场降雨径流小区的产流量、产沙量与降雨量具有较好的相关性;多元回归分析表明,场降雨产流量和产沙量与降雨量和最大30 min 雨强的乘积呈正相关,与植被覆盖度呈负相关,场降雨产沙量回归方程复相关系数为0.253,各处理场降雨产流量回归方程复相关系数的变化范围为0.465～0.723,均达到了极显著的水平(P＜0.01).同时,各树种均具有良好的减流减沙功能,与农地相比,年均产流量和产沙量分别减少4.8%～52.9%和26.8%～86.0%;沙棘纯林及其混交林的减流减沙效益优于油松纯林.同时,沙棘纯林及其各混交林在造林初期就表现出良好的减流减沙效益,随着树龄的增长,其作用更加明显;而油松纯林在造林初期作用不明显,甚至出现产流量和产沙量大于农地的现象,但随着树龄的增长,减流减沙作用逐渐呈现并增大.沙棘纯林及其混交林30 cm 以下土壤含水量在整个生长季中均呈递减趋势,生长季初(4月份)土壤含水量最高,而生长季末(10月份)降到最低值.2002年沙棘纯林的耗水深度为220 cm,而其混交林的耗水深度达到300 cm.同时,在整个生长季节中,沙棘纯林及其混交林整个剖面平均土壤含水量存在着显著的差异,表现为:沙棘×杨树＜沙棘＜沙棘×油松.     

场次暴雨条件下降雨和植被变化对洪水影响的定量评估——以彭冲涧小流域为例

降雨和植被是影响流域洪水的两个关键性因素,定量研究二者对洪水影响的贡献率,对流域的植被建设及水资源管理具有重要的科学意义。本研究以南方红壤区的彭冲涧小流域为对象,基于1983—2014年的地理信息数据和水文气象数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验法、累积距平法、HEC-HMS模型等分析该流域的暴雨和洪水特征,并定量评估降雨和植被变化对洪水影响的贡献率。结果表明: 1983—2014年间,彭冲涧小流域的暴雨量和洪水总量分别呈非显著上升和下降趋势。HEC-HMS模型对场次暴雨洪水的模拟效果较好,评价结果均在误差范围内。无论是对洪水总量,还是对洪峰流量,不同场次暴雨洪水的降雨和植被变化贡献率均存在差异。降雨和植被变化对洪水总量的平均贡献率分别为66.5%和33.5%,对洪峰流量的平均贡献率分别为58.9%和41.1%。本研究成果可为小流域洪水评价、植被建设和水土流失综合治理提供科学依据。     

黄土区次降雨条件下林地径流和侵蚀产沙形成机制

以黄土区两种常见森林植被(次生山杨林和人工油松林)长期定位观测试验为基础,从水量平衡和径流产沙机理出发,分析了次降雨条件下两种林地和荒地坡面产流产沙过程.结果表明,次降雨量在5.0～50.0 mm范围内,油松林和山杨林的林冠和枯枝落叶层总截留率分别为15.45%～56.80％和20.56%～47.81％,且随降雨量的增大而减小.与荒坡地相比,林地土壤入渗性能显著增强,尤其是0～20 cm土层.分析表明,在一般降水条件下林地无径流产生;而在降雨雨强为2.5 mm·min^-1和历时30 min条件下,山杨林地无地表径流产生,荒坡地的径流流速和径流挟沙浓度均为油松林地的23.5倍,而其径流剪切力和径流能量均为后者的8倍;油松林地的径流量和产沙量比荒地分别减少了87.6%和99.4%,与径流小区多年(1988～2000)观测平均值(分别为87.0%和99.9%)相近.     

基于氢氧同位素示踪的黄土区不同植被类型小流域降雨-径流分割

流域径流过程及其组分来源识别是水资源合理利用的前提。为明确植被类型对流域径流组分的影响与定量贡献,本研究以山西吉县蔡家川主沟流域及5个不同植被类型小流域为研究对象,监测2场典型降雨产流过程及其氢氧同位素时空变化特征,探讨小流域径流过程差异及其组分来源。结果表明：在中雨条件下,事件水对各个流域河道流量的贡献率为封禁森林(94.3%)>蔡家川主沟(83.1%)>农牧复合(64.3%)>人工-次生林(52.4%)>农地(0.3%)>次生林(0.0%);而在小雨条件下,人工-次生林(52.4%)>封禁森林(58.5%)>农地(40.6%)>次生林(15.8%)>农牧复合(12.5%)>蔡家川主沟(9.3%),次生林、封禁森林小流域事件水对径流贡献率大于人工林,次生林具有更强的径流调蓄能力。封禁森林、农牧复合流域在中雨强度条件下事件水的贡献率大于小雨强度条件,而农地、人工-次生林、次生林流域则相反。事件水对林地小流域径流贡献率大于农地小流域,可能与农地小流域沟口建有淤地坝有关。本研究结果可为晋西黄土区水源涵养和径流变化归因分析提供科学依...     

森林干扰对大兴安岭北部森林小流域径流情势的影响

为了解大兴安岭森林流域水文过程对森林干扰的响应,利用近配对流域方法,排除了气候变量的时空差异,对比研究了森林干扰后大兴安岭北部典型森林小流域(100 km2)洪峰径流(High flow)和枯水径流(Low flow)径流情势(Flow regimes)的变化趋势。结果表明,森林干扰对枯水径流情势影响显著,与对照流域(小北沟流域)相比,森林干扰(占流域总面积的6.74%)使老沟河流域平均枯水径流流量降低了26.58%,平均枯水径流变异系数值增加了36.77%,并且差异达到极显著水平(P0.01)。另一方面,森林植被的干扰相对增加了森林小流域的洪峰流量、历时和变异性,但与对照流域相比差异均未达到统计显著水平,说明小面积的森林植被干扰未能引起流域洪峰径流情势的显著变化。进一步对配对流域的径流浮动系数(Flashiness Index)的分析发现,森林干扰显著增加了森林小流域的径流浮动性,研究时段内干扰流域的径流浮动系数为0.078,是对照流域(0.057)的1.37倍。大兴安岭北部森林小流域的天然径流情势(Natural flow regimes)对森林干扰比较敏感,在与水文循环联系紧密的区域(例如河岸带),小范围的森林干扰便可以引起径流情势的显著变化,这在未来该地区森林和水资源的管理中需要特别注意。     

黄土区次降雨条件下林地径流和侵蚀产沙形成机制——以人工油松林和次生山杨林为例

以黄土区两种常见森林植被(次生山杨林和人工油松林)长期定位观测试验为基础,从水量平衡和径流产沙机理出发,分析了次降雨条件下两种林地和荒地坡面产流产沙过程.结果表明,次降雨量在5.0～50.0 mm范围内,油松林和山杨林的林冠和枯枝落叶层总截留率分别为15.45%～56.80%和20.56%～47.81%,且随降雨量的增大而减小.与荒坡地相比,林地土壤入渗性能显著增强,尤其是0～20cm土层.分析表明,在一般降水条件下林地无径流产生;而在降雨雨强为2.5 mm·min^-1和历时30 min条件下,山杨林地无地表径流产生,荒坡地的径流流速和径流挟沙浓度均为油松林地的23.5倍,而其径流剪切力和径流能量均为后者的8倍;油松林地的径流量和产沙量比荒地分别减少了87.6%和99.4%,与径流小区多年(1988～2000)观测平均值(分别为87.0%和99.9%)相近.     

黄土区次降雨条件下林地径流和侵蚀产沙形成机制——以人工油松林和次生山杨林为例

以黄土区两种常见森林植被(次生山杨林和人工油松林)长期定位观测试验为基础,从水量平衡和径流产沙机理出发,分析了次降雨条件下两种林地和荒地坡面产流产沙过程.结果表明,次降雨量在5.0～50.0 mm范围内,油松林和山杨林的林冠和枯枝落叶层总截留率分别为15.45%～56.80%和20.56%～47.81%,且随降雨量的增大而减小.与荒坡地相比,林地土壤入渗性能显著增强,尤其是0～20cm土层.分析表明,在一般降水条件下林地无径流产生;而在降雨雨强为2.5 mm·min^-1和历时30 min条件下,山杨林地无地表径流产生,荒坡地的径流流速和径流挟沙浓度均为油松林地的23.5倍,而其径流剪切力和径流能量均为后者的8倍;油松林地的径流量和产沙量比荒地分别减少了87.6%和99.4%,与径流小区多年(1988～2000)观测平均值(分别为87.0%和99.9%)相近.     

广东省2004-2016年植被冠层降雨截留模拟及时空变化特征

评价植被冠层降雨截留能力,是生态系统水循环的重要研究内容。以广东省中小流域为例,结合地面监测站点的降雨量数据和MODIS叶面积指数遥感数据,利用植被冠层降雨截留模型,定量模拟和分析了广东省流域尺度2004-2016年的地表植被冠层降雨截留能力及其时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）2004-2012年广东省年均植被冠层降雨截留率持续下降,2016年略有上升,并且随着时间的推移,流域之间的植被冠层降雨截留率差异越来越小。（2）广东省植被冠层降雨截留能力呈现山区东西两翼高,山区中部以及沿海地区低的显著空间差异格局,这种空间格局与植被覆盖LAI主要呈现由珠三角向外围递增的圈层空间格局特征密切相关,而与由南向北逐渐递减的降雨空间格局特征相关性不大。（3）森林覆盖对流域植被冠层降雨截留能力有着一定的影响,其中流域内阔叶林占森林面积的比例对这种影响的程度起着最为关键的作用。     

黄土高原不同植被覆盖对流域水文的影响

以山西省吉县蔡家川流域为对象,研究了植被覆盖类型对流域水文的影响.结果表明:不同植被覆盖的流域年径流系数分别为:林地流域1.6%～2.3%,以农、牧为主的流域3.1%～3.9%;各流域基流系数差异显著,人工林流域为零,次生林为主的流域1.0%～1.5%,以农、牧为主的流域2.5%～2.8%;在雨季人工林流域的径流总量是次生林流域的3.37倍、农地流域的1.9倍,而农地流域的基流量是次生林流域的2.2倍;短历时高强度降雨条件下,人工林流域、次生林流域地表径流量分别是农地流域的10.8倍和2.2倍;在历时较长的暴雨条件下,人工林流域单位面积上的洪峰流量是农地流域的3.4倍,次生林流域的6.9倍;在长历时、大雨量条件下,农地流域的径流量是次生林流域的1.8倍.水平梯田的水源涵养功能与次生林植被相当,次生林植被的水源涵养功能远好于人工植被,在水资源短缺的黄土高原应提倡植被的自然恢复.     

Effect of vegetation on runoff-sediment yield relationship at different spatial scales in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China

Whether vegetation reduces soil loss by reducing runoff volume or rather by changing runoff-sediment yield relationship has received little attention. Base on the observed data from monitoring stations and the published data from other research, this issue is addressed at different scales in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China. At the plot scale, vegetation helps reduce soil loss not only by reducing runoff volume, but also by changing the runoff-sediment yield relationship, resulting that the sediment-reduction rate is higher than the runoff-reduction rate. At the watershed scale, gully erosion and mass wasting process are dominant. Vegetation measures are insufficient to control local mass movement, implying that sediment availability remains high even after vegetation is established. It is also hard for slope vegetation to change the capacity of the sediment transport system at the watershed scale. Therefore, vegetation cannot change the runoff-sediment yield relationship at the watershed scale. This implies that vegetation reduces sediment yield only by reducing runoff volume and the sediment-reduction rate approximates the runoff-reduction rate at the watershed scale. Other slope measures for soil conservation such as terraces are considered to have the same effect on the runoff-sediment yield relationship as the vegetation. Several case studies involving different spatial scales are presented and confirm this conclusion.     

Effect of vegetation on runoff-sediment yield relationship at different spatial scales in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China

Whether vegetation reduces soil loss by reducing runoff volume or rather by changing runoff-sediment yield relationship has received little attention. Base on the observed data from monitoring stations and the published data from other research, this issue is addressed at different scales in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China. At the plot scale, vegetation helps reduce soil loss not only by reducing runoff volume, but also by changing the runoff-sediment yield relationship, resulting that the sediment-reduction rate is higher than the runoff-reduction rate. At the watershed scale, gully erosion and mass wasting process are dominant. Vegetation measures are insufficient to control local mass movement, implying that sediment availability remains high even after vegetation is established. It is also hard for slope vegetation to change the capacity of the sediment transport system at the watershed scale. Therefore, vegetation cannot change the runoff-sediment yield relationship at the watershed scale. This implies that vegetation reduces sediment yield only by reducing runoff volume and the sediment-reduction rate approximates the runoff-reduction rate at the watershed scale. Other slope measures for soil conservation such as terraces are considered to have the same effect on the runoff-sediment yield relationship as the vegetation. Several case studies involving different spatial scales are presented and confirm this conclusion.     

植被格局对侵蚀产沙影响的研究评述

土壤侵蚀是人类可持续发展的重要挑战,植被重建则是防控侵蚀产沙的有效手段。在当前水土资源日益稀缺的新形势下,优化植被布局将成为黄土高原等生态脆弱地区未来阻蚀减沙、改善环境的重要途径,有关植被格局对侵蚀产沙影响的科技需求更加急迫、意义更加重要。为此,从坡面与流域两个尺度,总结评述了侵蚀产沙研究中的植被格局表征、侵蚀产沙对植被格局的变化响应两个议题的研究进展。分析认为,目前主要存在缺乏反映侵蚀产沙过程的植被格局表征指数、较少考虑植被与地形叠置格局对侵蚀产沙的耦合影响、尚未建立侵蚀产沙对植被格局的直观响应关系等问题。为促进有关研究,今后在格局指数和耦合关系的构建中应重视植被和地形对侵蚀产沙过程的耦合影响,并选用具有良好应用精度的分布式物理成因模型,以获得反映植被格局影响的流域侵蚀产沙结果。同时,可通过采用GIS空间分析技术,设计获得更多的典型植被格局及对应情景的侵蚀产沙,以丰富基础资料,减少信息干扰。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区植被对不同空间尺度水沙关系的影响

根据晋西离石试验站的观测结果和相关文献的数据,研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区植被对坡面小区、全坡面、小流域及中大流域4个空间尺度水沙关系的影响。对梁峁坡坡面小区言,由于植被提高了土壤抗蚀性,因此植被不仅通过减水来减沙,也通过改变水沙关系来减沙。但在全坡面尺度,土壤侵蚀以沟蚀为主,由于植被措施难以改变沟道的各种水利参数,也难以有效控制切沟沟壁的重力侵蚀,导致水流进入沟道后仍然可以获取充足的泥沙,因此认为植被不会改变全坡面尺度的水沙关系。同样对于各级流域,由于植被措施难以改变沟道的输沙能力和黄土丘陵沟壑区流域泥沙来源充沛的特点,因此植被措施也不会改变其水沙关系,植被的减沙效应仅通过减水来实现。对离石试验站的一对水土保持对比沟的研究表明,即使在沟道已有茂密植被生长的情况下,高含沙水流的输沙能力也没有改变,这使得两者的水沙关系统计上可以认为完全一致。由于大流域水沙关系主要取决于沟道或河道的特性,而植被等坡面措施很难改变沟道或河道特性,因此认为流域尺度越大,植被越难以改变其水沙关系。     

The WEPP Model Application in a Small Watershed in the Loess Plateau

In the Loess Plateau, soil erosion has not only caused serious ecological and environmental problems but has also impacted downstream areas. Therefore, a model is needed to guide the comprehensive control of soil erosion. In this study, we introduced the WEPP model to simulate soil erosion both at the slope and watershed scales. Our analyses showed that: the simulated values at the slope scale were very close to the measured. However, both the runoff and soil erosion simulated values at the watershed scale were higher than the measured. At the slope scale, under different coverage, the simulated erosion was slightly higher than the measured. When the coverage is 40%, the simulated results of both runoff and erosion are the best. At the watershed scale, the actual annual runoff of the Liudaogou watershed is 83m³; sediment content is 0.097 t/m³, annual erosion sediment 8.057t and erosion intensity 0.288 t ha^-1 yr^-1. Both the simulated values of soil erosion and runoff are higher than the measured, especially the runoff. But the simulated erosion trend is relatively accurate after the farmland is returned to grassland. We concluded that the WEPP model can be used to establish a reasonable vegetation restoration model and guide the vegetation restoration of the Loess Plateau.     

三峡库区土质道路侵蚀产沙过程的模拟降雨试验

以三峡库区王家桥小流域为研究区,通过野外调查选择了5个典型路段,在1.0 mm min~(-1)模拟降雨条件下研究了土质道路降雨-径流-泥沙关系.结果表明,土质道路被高度压实,但使用强度和管护方式差异致使容重、路面浮土、杂草盖度、饱和导水率等差异显著.土质道路仅需1～3 mm降雨就能产生地表径流,7～10 mm的降雨使径流趋于稳定,径流系数超过60%,特别是车流量较大干道的径流系数超过70%,平均和峰值径流量达0.69 mm min~(-1)和0.84 mm min~(-1).土质路面大量浮土致使初始径流含沙量高,然后快速下降并趋于稳定.由于路面浮土量大和在降雨过程中能形成人工细沟的车辙等导致较大车流量干道的土壤流失率是其它路段3～4倍.土质道路的容重和路面浮土与径流系数和土壤流失量呈显著正相关,饱和导水率则呈显著负相关;路面杂草能显著减少径流,防治路面侵蚀.     

Effects of vegetation cover and precipitation on the process of sediment produced by erosion in a small watershed of loess region

With growing concerns over changes of the living environment and ecological environment, more and more scholars have focused their researches on understanding how vegetation covers and atmospheric conditions respond to soil erosion in watersheds. Former studies show that both the natural factors such as precipitation, vegetation, slope of terrain, soil properties and human activities are the main factors to affect the amount of sediment produced by erosion in the watershed, and there are special conditions of climate and soil that are unique to loess areas for water and soil conservations. Thus the relationships between soil erosion and vegetation and precipitation are very complicated and interesting. As a loess area, the Lüergou watershed with the area of 12.1 km2 lies in west of China. The watershed was a key area of high water and soil erosion forty years ago, but the area of vegetation cover has become larger because of highly effective methods of water and soil conservation. In the factors affecting the amount of sediment produced by erosion in the study area, which is more important for soil erosion: vegetation cover or precipitation? The experts, community has discussed this question for a long time. And the Lüergou watershed has become the natural and ideal test watershed. Based on water observation data, climate data and NOAA/AVHRR NDVI images collected from 1982 to 2000 in the Lüergou watershed of loess areas, analyses of the correlation and multi-variable regression were used to discuss the relationships among the amount of sediment produced by erosion, water indexes, precipitation factors and vegetation cover. The conclusions showed that with the increase of precipitation indexes and the decrease of plant indexes, and the amount of sediment produced by erosion in the study area would become larger. In order to distinguish the influences of erosion due to human activity and natural factors, the paper introduced multi-variable regression method by standardization data to determine the relative contributing ratio to soil erosions in the study area. The conclusions showed that the contributing ratio of vegetation cover and precipitation changes were 45.7% and 54.3%. It was obvious that the influences of precipitation were larger than those of vegetation for the soil erosion in the study area.     

黄土区小流域植被类型对沟坡地土壤水分循环的影响

沟坡作为黄土丘陵区小流域水土流失最为活跃的区域,探究不同下垫面植被类型下的土壤水分循环特征对于沟坡地植被恢复具有重要意义。基于氢氧同位素示踪技术,通过野外水样采集和室内同位素分析旨在揭示植被类型对沟坡地土壤水分循环的影响机制。结果表明:(1)各水体氢氧同位素均遵循:降水刺槐林地土壤水草地土壤水地表水地下水,降水的变异系数最大,地表水和地下水的变异系数较小。(2)草地土壤水主要以降水补给为主,所占比例为59.12%,刺槐林地土壤水则以深层土壤水的上升补给为主,所占比例为60.97%。短阵性暴雨条件下,草地土壤水运移速率较刺槐林地高约1 cm/d,且主要发生在0—50 cm土层。(3)土壤水的垂向运移为地下水的主要补给形式,草地土壤水对地下水的补给比例为51.64%,约比刺槐林地高0.52%。表明植被类型对土壤水分循环特征具有一定的影响,刺槐林对深层土壤水分利用强度较大,可能加剧深层土壤干层化,而草地更有利于降水入渗以及地下水补给,该研究可为小流域沟坡的生态修复和综合治理提供科学依据。     

耦合过程和景观格局的土壤侵蚀水环境影响评价

将景观格局的作用纳入到土壤侵蚀的生态环境影响评估中,具有方法上的实用意义,可为水体泥沙源区识别、评价立地侵蚀对目标水体的泥沙输出风险和流域景观格局对土壤流失抑制潜力提供一种途径.本文将RUSLE模型作为模拟立地土壤侵蚀强度的工具,考虑植被覆盖和地形对泥沙输送的阻滞作用,从点(栅格)和子流域两个尺度,采用景观格局表征方法定量评估南水北调中线水源区土壤侵蚀对河流、水库的影响.在点(栅格)尺度提出土壤侵蚀影响强度(I)指标表征土壤侵蚀对水体的泥沙输出风险;在流域尺度利用反映流域景观格局留滞泥沙能力的渗透指数(LI)指示泥沙进入水体的风险.结果表明： 耦合景观格局信息和侵蚀过程的指标能空间分布式地有效反映立地土壤侵蚀对水体泥沙输入的影响强度;LI与流域平均景观阻滞、平均植被覆盖度呈显著的指数关系, 子流域输沙模数与LI呈显著的指数回归关系.说明基于土壤侵蚀过程表征景观格局、将景观格局信息与景观土壤保持功能结合起来的评价方法,可为土壤侵蚀风险评价提供新途径.