猪源致病性金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

目的鉴定引起猪渗出性皮炎的病原,并分析猪源致病性金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性,为临床用药提供依据。方法采集患渗出性皮炎的仔猪标本进行细菌分离培养,联合应用形态学检查、生理生化试验和PCR方法鉴定分离菌株,并进行致病性和药物敏感性试验。结果先后从病猪标本中分离鉴定获得PSA1、PSA2、PSA3和PSA4四株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中PSA1和PSA3分离株的致病性较强。药敏试验结果显示PSA1、PSA2和PSA3分离株为MRSA菌株,PSA4分离株为MSSA菌株。MRSA菌株对14种抗菌药物均呈现不同程度的耐药,尤其是对青霉素、链霉素、四环素、强力霉素、环丙沙星和氧氟沙星等6种抗菌药物的耐药率达100%。所有分离株对万古霉素与替考拉宁均敏感。结论合肥地区猪渗出性表皮炎的病原为金黄色葡萄球菌。猪源致病性金黄色葡萄球菌合肥分离株具有多重耐药性,治疗猪渗出性皮炎应建立在体外药敏试验的基础上,有针对性选择抗菌药物。     

临床分离金黄色葡萄球菌药物敏感性及其生物膜形成能力的研究CSCD

目的 初步探讨临床分离金黄色葡萄球菌药物敏感性与其生物膜形成的关系。方法 收集2020年1月至2022年1月大同市第二人民医院检验科临床送检的痰液、尿液、血液和伤口分泌物等样本。采用VITEK-2全自动微生物菌株鉴定系统分离出非重复致病性金黄色葡萄球菌60株;采用刚果红试验定性鉴定产膜菌株和非产膜菌株;采用VITEK-2全自动微生物药敏试验系统进行药敏分析;采用96微孔板试验半定量鉴定菌株产膜能力。结果 通过VITEK-2全自动微生物菌株鉴定系统检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)32例(53.3%),甲氧西林敏感型金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)28例(46.7%)。生物膜阳性菌30株(50.0%),生物膜阴性菌30株(50.0%)。其中,MRSA菌株产膜率53.1%,MSSA菌株产膜率46.4%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。96微孔板试验筛选出强产膜菌株7株(23.3%),弱产膜菌株23株(76.7%)。强产膜菌株中,MRSA菌株6株,占85.7%,耐药5种以上占71.4%;弱产膜菌株中,MRSA菌株11株,占47.8%,耐药5种以上占26.1%;30株生物膜阴性菌,耐药5种以上占26.7%。结论 本研究临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌中,MRSA菌株产膜能力强于MSSA菌株,产膜菌株耐药种类高于非产膜菌株。     

安徽不同地区奶站牛奶中金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素污染状况评估

目的评定安徽地区各奶站牛奶中金黄色葡萄球菌以及肠毒素的污染情况。方法通过从安徽省不同地区30所奶站采集乳样,进行乳源性金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与生化鉴定,并采用PCR技术对分离出的菌株进行金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素血清型鉴定。结果安徽省30个奶站中有4个地区奶站的牛奶中污染金黄色葡萄球菌;从污染牛奶中共分离出5株金黄色葡萄球菌,检出率为16.7%。经鉴定,所分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌中2株为肠毒素A型,1株为肠毒素C型,2株为同时产肠毒素A和肠毒素C。结论安徽省不同地区奶站中的牛奶污染的金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素类型以肠毒素A为主。     

金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性分析及基因分型研究

目的通过分析上海地区院内分离金黄色葡萄球菌的药敏谱型及对耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）进行基因谱型的研究,了解金黄色葡萄球菌的院内流行状况。方法对临床分离出的43株金黄色葡萄球菌进行药敏试验和SCCmec基因盒的多重PCR检测,并将结果整合后用MEGA3．1软件分析其进化相关关系。结果药敏结果显示43株金葡菌对青霉素和甲氧西林的耐药率最高。甲氧西林的耐药率达到62．8％。MecA阳性菌株SCCmec的分型显示均为Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型,且所占比例相近,未见Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型。进化树分析发现了在同一医院中亲缘关系相近的菌株,为院内感染流行株。结论MecA基因介导的MRSA在分离菌株中所占比例高,存在院内感染爆发性流行。     

107例乳腺脓液的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

摘要：目的 了解乳腺疾病患者乳腺脓液的病原菌分布特点及耐药状况,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法 收集2012年1月至2013年12月杭州市中医院乳腺外科门诊和住院送检的乳腺脓肿标本共107例。采用法国梅里埃公司的ViTEK-2 compact全自动微生物鉴定仪进行菌种的鉴定和药物敏感性测定。结果 107例标本中65例采集于哺乳期或非哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者,其中30例标本分离出病原菌,分离率为46.1%。分离出的30株病原菌中以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,共19株占63.3%,其他菌株共11株占36.7%。42例标本采集于乳腺增生性疾病术后患者,其中11例分离出病原菌,分离率为26.2%。主要病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌,共7株占63.6%,其他菌株共4株占26.4%。药敏分析得出金黄色葡萄球菌青霉素的耐药率达90.3%,其次红霉素和克林霉素耐药率分别为64.5%、58.1%,检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌8株,检出率为30.8%。结论 乳腺炎患者和乳腺增生性疾病术后患者感染的病原菌检出率有所差异,但菌株分布相似,主要病原菌均以革兰阳性球菌尤其是金黄色葡萄球菌为主。所分离金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药率极高,对红霉素和克林霉素也有较高的耐药率。     

253株金黄色葡萄球菌耐药现状分析

目的 了解医院金黄色葡萄球菌临床分布情况及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药率,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据.方法 回顾分析医院2010年5月至2011年4月检出的金黄色葡萄球菌,采用VITEK-AMS全自动微生物分析仪进行菌种鉴定和药敏分析.结果 共检出金黄色葡萄球菌253株,菌株的主要来源为痰130株(51.4％)、血液39株(15.4％)、创面24株(9.5％);菌株主要科室分布前3位是神内科35株(13.8％)、ICU30( 11.8％)、脑外科26株(10.3％);其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌( MRSA)为165株(65.2％),MRSA对多种抗菌药物耐药率＞70.0％,MSSA为88株(34.8％),对除青霉素、红霉素外的大多数抗菌药物敏感,未发现耐万古霉素菌株.结论 MRSA检出率高,耐药现状严重,应加强对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的监测,并根据药敏试验结果合理使用抗菌药物.     

金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成能力与耐药性关系的研究

目的 调查本地区分离金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成能力与耐药性之间的关系,为临床金黄色葡萄球菌的治疗及耐药性分析提供合理的依据.方法 对所分离的金葡菌进行药敏试验,采用刚果红平板法,定性检测生物膜粘附能力,探讨金葡菌的耐药性与生物膜形成之间的关系.结果 对50株金葡菌进行生物膜检测发现,15株为生物膜阳性,均检测为ica A基因阳性,35株生物膜阴性.生物膜阳性菌株对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、利福平及庆大霉素的耐药性显著高于生物膜阴性菌株,生物膜阳性菌的MRSA阳性率高达66.7％,显著高于生物膜阴性菌株,但均未发现对万古霉素和替考拉宁耐药的菌株.结论 本地区金葡菌生物膜阳性菌株比例较高,生物膜阳性株对抗菌药物的耐药性明显高于生物膜阴性株.     

儿童下呼吸道感染的金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性分析

对 4 2 38例下呼吸道感染患儿深部痰液标本中的金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离培养 ,并用细菌自动分析系统Vitek 6 0进行菌种鉴定和药物敏感试验。金黄色葡萄球菌分离阳性率为 2 .1% (89/ 4 2 38)。所分离的89株金黄色葡萄球菌中 ,95 .5 % (85 / 89)菌株产 β 内酰胺酶 ;但仅 4 .5 % (4 / 89)菌株耐苯唑西林 (MRSA) ,其中 3株显示多重耐药。 96 .6 %和 4 8.3%的菌株分别对青霉素和红霉素耐药 ,14 .6 %～ 2 5 .9%分别对四环素、林可霉素、复方新诺明耐药 ;对其余临床常用抗生素 ,如庆大霉素、苯唑西林、氨苄西林 /舒巴坦、阿莫西林 /克拉维酸、头孢唑啉、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星等的耐药率均低于 10 %。上述实验结果提示 ,本地区引起患儿下呼吸道感染的金黄色葡萄球菌对多数临床常用抗生素仍敏感 ,β 内酰胺酶阳性菌株极为普遍 ,但MRSA所占比例不高。     

性病患者金黄色葡萄球菌感染耐药性调查

目的：分析和探讨性病后泌尿生殖系统金黄色葡萄球菌及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)感染及其对各类抗生素的耐药性,以协助指导临床合理用药。方法：采用常规培养鉴定方法和1999年美国NCCLS药敏试验纸片扩散法检测泌尿生殖系标本中金黄色葡萄球菌、MRSA分离率及其对抗生素的敏感性。结果：427例标本共分离出金黄色葡萄球菌236株,其中MRSA占43．6％。金黄色葡萄球菌对常用16种抗生素的耐药率小于20％有万古霉素、呋喃坦啶、阿米卡星、利福平。MRSA对上述外的抗生素均有不同程度的耐药,且耐药性均高于MRSS．呈多重耐药。结论：金黄色葡萄球菌在性病泌尿系统感染占首位,这些菌株对各类抗生素有较高的耐药性,且呈多重耐药．应密切关注MRSA流行和播散。     

葡萄球菌下呼吸道感染的细菌学分类及抗生素敏感性分析

目的：探讨葡萄球菌下呼吸道感染的细菌学分类情况及抗生素耐药性特点。方法：利用复星公司FOUTUNE IMS细菌鉴定药敏分析系统,凝固酶试验用试管法。结果：47株菌株分离到6种葡萄球菌,排在前3位的是施氏葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、木糖葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌占29．8％。耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）占78．7％,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）占凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）78．8％;MRS对万古霉素敏感率为81．1％。MRS建议用药依次为万古霉素、呋喃妥因、氯霉素、四环素和喹诺酮类,未发现对万古霉素耐药的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。结论：凝固酶阴性、耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌成为下呼吸道球菌感染的主要菌株,MRS比例上升,MRS治疗首选万古霉素。     

The occurrence and comparative phenotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. from healthy and diseased, household and shelter dogs, based on routine biochemical diagnostic methods

To determine the staphylococcal colonization pattern in healthy and diseased dogs, living in two particular environments, a number of microbiological samples were taken. Overall, twenty dogs, either healthy or with infected skin lesions, were examined. In each case bacterial swabs were collected from the nasal mucosa, ear, perineum, lumbo-sacralis triangle, and from the infection sites if such were present. A total number of 104 isolates representing different staphylococcal species were isolated and identified using routine biochemical methods applied in diagnostic laboratories. Among 17 isolated staphylococcal species, Staphylococcus intermedius was the most common species isolated from both healthy or diseased dogs living either in animal shelter or household environments. The pattern of Staphylococcus sp. colonization differs considerably for animals living in the two tested habitats. In particular, S. aureus MRSA and MSSA isolates were detected only in infected skin lesion samples from animals that dwelled in the animal shelter. As could be expected, S. intermedius was found to be a predominant causative agent in canine skin infections. In our study, we demonstrated that S. intermedius in its carrier-state, inhabits mainly the mucosal membrane of the nasal vestibule. It was also found in the samples taken from the skin, the lumbo-sacralis triangle and perineum, but was rarely isolated from the ears.     

Classification and biological characteristics of coagulase-positive Staphylococci isolated from animals

A total of 165 coagulase-positive staphylococcal strains of different origin (142 S. aureus strains and 23 S. intermedius strains) were subjected to biological typing in accordance with the schemes of Hajek-Marsalek and Meyer-Witte. The former of these schemes permitted to identify 68% and the latter 18% of S. aureus strains. The cultures isolated from swine and chickens had the most uniform composition: 85-86% of the strains belonged to biotype B. 44% of the strains isolated from cows and sheep belonged to biotypes C (ecovars bovis and ovis) and A (ecovar hominis); the rest of the strains could not be identified. 96% of the strains isolated from minks were made up of S. intermedius, more than a half of them belonging to biotype E (ecovar canis). In 80% of S. aureus strains and 48% S. intermedius cultures protein A was detected. Only 9% of S. aureus strains of animal origin were found capable of producing enterotoxins (A-D). The expediency of working out a unified scheme for the biotyping of coagulase-positive staphylococci is discussed.     

Description of strains of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius isolated from subcutaneous abscesses in cats.

Strains of Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and of a Gram-positive coccus, which was initially isolated as an anaerobe but grew subsequently as a facultative organism, were isolated from subcutaneous abscesses in cats. The cat strains of Peptostreptococcus gave metabolic fermentation products in combinations described for P. anaerobius. The Streptococcus strains conformed to the group S. intermedius. The facultative organism described had the metabolic products of P. anaerobius but the distinctly different biochemical characteristics of S. intermedius and fits neither of the genera strictly.     

Interspecies lysogenization in staphylococci: transfer of bacteriophage converting enterotoxin A from a clinical strain of Staphylococcus aureus to Staphylococcus intermedius

The ability of lysogenization was examined of 50 S. intermedius strains and of 77 strains belonging to 14 different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci using 8 enterotoxin A converting bacteriophages isolated from S. aureus. All the examined bacteriophages showed lytic activity against at least 1 of 11 susceptible strains of S. intermedius to them. Lytic activity towards coagulase-negative staphylococci was observed for 6 of 8 examined bacteriophages. Two bacteriophages were active against 1 of 9 examined S. capitis strains, one against 1 of 11 examined S. haemolyticus strains, four against 1 of 6 examined S. lugdunensis strains, three against 1 of 6 examined S. warneri strains and one against 1 of 5 examined S. xylosus strains. Lysogenization with bacteriophage f421-1 able to convert positively enterotoxin A and staphylokinase and negatively beta-haemolysin of one S. intermedius strain was successful. S. intermedius lysogenized with phi 421-1 was able to produce both enterotoxin A and staphylokinase and lost ability to produce beta-haemolysin. Our results showed a broad lytic spectrum and interspecies host range of some S. aureus bacteriophages and the ability of interspecies transfer of bacteriophages between S. aureus and S. intermedius.     

Catabolism of the methyl derivatives of adenosine and cytidine in staphylococci.

Products of 1-methyladenosine, 2'-O-methyladenosine, 2'-O-methylcytidine, and 5-methylcytidine catabolism by resting cells of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius were chromatographically separated. The methyl group in 1-methyladenosine protected the adenosine derivative from deamination by S. intermedius but it did not protect N-glycosidic bond from cleavage by S. intermedius and S. aureus. The methyl group in 2'-O-methyladenosine and 2'-O-methylcytidine protected the N-glycosidic bond from cleavage by S. aureus and S. intermedius but it did not protect the adenosine and cytidine derivatives from deamination by S. intermedius. 5-Methylcytidine was converted by the common route in which 5-methylcytidine was first deaminated to ribothymidine which was cleaved to yield thymine. S. intermedius deaminated the purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides adenosine, 2'-O-methyladenosine, cytidine, and 5-methylcytidine. Pyrimidine ribonucleosides (cytidine, 5-methyl-cytidine) were deaminated only slowly and purine ribonucleosides (adenosine, 2'-O-methyladenosine) not at all by S. aureus.     

Antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates from cases of canine dermatitis

Among 97 bacterial isolates, 74 strains of Staphylococcus spp developed from 95 swabs taken from skin lesions in dogs. Twenty-eight staphylococcal strains resistant to methicillin and/or oxacillin were identified and mecA expression was confirmed for 14 of these strains. S. aureus and S. intermedius group (SIG) strains were particularly relevant in our cases due to their antibiotic resistance leading to an increased veterinary and public health risk. We suggest a diagnostic protocol based on cytological examination, bacterial identification to species level, and antibiotic sensitivity testing prior to prescribing antibiotic treatment for canine skin diseases.     

三株降解芘的戈登氏菌鉴定及其降解能力

从沈抚灌区多环芳烃污染土壤中筛选出的芘降解菌D44、D82S和D82Q,经形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析确定均为戈登氏菌属(Gordonia sp.).3株菌的最适生长pH值均为7,当pH值低于5或高于9时,生长均受到明显抑制.降解试验表明,3株菌能以芘、苯并芘、蒽、萘、菲和荧蒽为唯一碳源和能源生长.经过7 d的培养,3株菌对初始浓度为100 mg.L-1的芘的降解率均在65%以上,对初始浓度为50 mg.L-1的苯并芘的降解率分别为79.6%、91.3%和62.8%.通过PCR检测发现D82Q和D82S含有烷烃单加氧酶基因alkB.     

Phage typing of the coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from various species of animals

More than 200 coagulase-positive strains of animal origin have been studied by means of Staphylococcus aureus typing phages, belonging to two international sets and intended for typing staphylococci isolated from large cattle and humans, and experimental "chicken" phage A 1591. Among S. aureus strains the cultures isolated from swine, cows, chickens, and belonging to biotypes B1, C1, B2, respectively, have been mostly (in 78.5-90.0% of cases) determined by phage typing. The strains belonging to one biotype have proved to be sensitive predominantly to the same phages. In this connection further differentiation of staphylococci within individual biotypes by means of the phages used in these experiments seems to be impracticable. S. intermedius strains have been found to be completely resistant to the above phages, which confirms that S. intermedius is rightly considered to be an independent species of coagulase-positive staphylococci.     

Resistance to antibiotics and heavy metal salts of coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to different biological types (ecovars)

A total of 189 strains of S. aureus isolated from cows, sheep, swines, poultry, monkeys, rabbits, foxes, and humans and 23 strains of S. intermedius isolated from minks and sables were studied. The staphylococci belonged to different biological types (according to the Hajek-Marsalek's scheme) and ecovars (according to the Meyer-Witte's scheme). The strains were studied with respect to their resistance to 10 antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, levomycetin, erythromycin, oleandomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, monomycin, and novobiocin), mercuric chloride and cadmium sulfate. As a whole the frequency of resistance to the above preparations among the staphylococci of the animal origin was not high. Differences in the frequency and range of the resistance between strains belonging to different biological types (ecovars) were shown. The highest number of the resistant cultures was detected among the strains of the biological type E (ecovar canis) and atypical strains of S. intermedius isolated from the minks. The least number of the resistant cultures was detected among the strains of the biological type C1 (ecovar bovis) isolated from the cows. It was found that almost all strains of S. intermedius were resistant to cadmium sulfate. This may be used as an additional characteristic of the species.     

Characterization of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from free-living birds.

A total of 129 coagulase-positive staphylococcal strains were isolated from the nasopharyngeal region of free-living birds--81 (16%) from 501 birds of prey, 29 (25%) from 117 water birds, and 19 (2%) from 937 pheasants. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius were identified in 64 (79%) and 17 (21%) strains from birds of prey, in 1 (3%) and 28 (97%) strains from water birds, and in 4 (21%) and 15 (79%) strains from pheasants, respectively. Of the total number of the 69 S.aureus strains 45 (65%) could be biotyped. Biotype D prevailed in the strains from birds of prey. Among all the 60 S.intermedius strains 41 (68%) biotype 1 and 19 (32%) biotype 3 strains could be recognized. Biotype 1 predominated in strains from water birds and pheasants, while biotype 3 in strains from birds of prey. Resistance to antibiotics was recorded in 8 (12%) S.aureus and 5 (8%) S.intermedius strains only. Fifty-six (81%) of the 69 S.aureus strains could be typed with human phages, 30 (44%) with bovine and 41 (51%) with chicken phages. It is evident that the host range of Shimizu's (CH) phages involves not only S.aureus from chicken but also from any other birds. None of these strains was typable with canine phages. Out of the 60 S.intermedius strains 45 (75%) were lysed with Blouse and Meekins' canine phages. When human, bovine, and chicken phages were used, all the 60 strains were completely resistant.