中国仓鼠卵巢工程细胞无血清流加培养关键工艺参数的考察

主要考察流加培养基中不同营养成分、流加起始时间及初始接种密度对11G-S细胞无血清流加培养的影响。在研究中以悬浮适应的表达尿激酶原 (Pro-urokinase,Pro-UK) CHO工程细胞系11G-S为研究对象,在100 mL的摇瓶中无血清悬浮流加培养11G-S细胞,同时以活细胞密度、细胞活力及Pro-UK活性为评价依据。结果表明在培养基中氨基酸、无血清添加成分及无机盐对促进细胞生长、细胞活力维持及蛋白表达起着较为重要的作用;且流加起始时间为72 h及初始接种密度为3×105~4×105 cells/     

Vero细胞微载体培养的化学成分明确无血清培养基的设计

目的：设计适用于Vero细胞微载体培养的化学成分明确无血清培养基。方法：以商品化的DMEM／F12合成培养基为基础培养基,应用Plackett—Burman实验设计和响应面分析法设计支持Vero细胞微载体培养的化学成分明确无血清培养基。结果：以细胞密度为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上采用Plackett-Burman实验设计考察10种培养基添加成分对Vero细胞生长的影响,确定了3种对Vero细胞生长起明显促进作用的培养基添加成分,为胰岛素、血清素和腐胺。继而利用响应面法分析了这3种添加成分的最佳水平范围,设计了一种支持Vero细胞贴附培养的无血清培养基（VERO—SFM—A）。在Bellco搅拌式培养瓶中采用VERO-SFM．A和Cytodex1微载体培养Vero细胞,细胞密度由接种时的4×10^5cells／ml增加到培养6d后的22．3×10^cells／ml,细胞活力保持在96％以上。结论：VERO—SFM—A能够有效地支持Vero细胞在微载体表面固定化生长并达到较高的细胞密度,具有实际应用于Vero细胞微载体规模化培养的应用潜力。     

CHO工程细胞无血清悬浮分批培养的生长代谢特征及动力学模型

以悬浮适应的表达尿激酶原CHO工程细胞为研究对象,在100mL的摇瓶中进行无血清悬浮培养,以细胞密度、细胞活力、Pro-UK活性、葡萄糖比消耗速率(qglc)、乳酸比生产速率(qlac)、乳酸对葡萄糖的得率系数(Ylac/glc)为观察指标,同时以细胞有血清悬浮培养作为参照,考察CHO工程细胞无血清悬浮培养生长和代谢特征。观察结果表明,CHO工程细胞在无血清及有血清悬浮培养条件下表现为大致相似的细胞生长和代谢特征。在此基础上,依据实际检测的数据,应用MATLAB软件对细胞对数生长期的细胞生长、乳酸生成及葡萄糖消耗的模型参数进行非线性规划,获得全局性收敛的最优参数估计值,建立了细胞在无血清培养条件下的生长及代谢动力学模型。     

Mixture与响应面法结合开发BHK-21细胞无血清悬浮培养基

采用Mixture与响应面实验设计相结合的方法开发BHK-21细胞无血清悬浮培养基。在实验室已知配方的6种培养基A-F的基础上,通过Mixture实验筛选出BHK-21细胞无血清培养基的最优组合为A∶B∶C∶D∶E∶F=0∶0∶11∶0∶9∶0。利用响应面法针对培养基中的几种关键组分进行浓度优化,确定谷氨酰胺、酪氨酸、牛血清白蛋白和钙离子的最优浓度分别为3 mmol/L、2.5 g/L、0 g/L和0 mmol/L。该无血清悬浮培养基能很好地支持BHK细胞悬浮生长,培养时细胞最大活细胞密度可达140.21×105个/m L,比商业培养基提高了1.95倍。采用Mixture试验设计和响应面分析法能够在较短的时间内开发出适合BHK-21细胞生长的无血清悬浮培养基,为采用BHK-21细胞大规模工业化生产口蹄疫疫苗奠定了基础。     

制备可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体II－脂联素球部融合蛋白的两种细胞培养工艺比较

利用7.5 L生物反应器篮式贴壁培养和全悬浮批式培养CHO工程细胞株表达可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体Ⅱ-脂联素球部(sTNFRⅡ-gAD)融合蛋白,比较这两种培养方法的产率,以便优化高效表达sTNFRⅡ-gAD融合蛋白的制备工艺.篮式贴壁培养首先小规模培养CHO工程细胞株,待细胞增殖到一定密度后以3× 105～4× 105 cells/mL密度接种生物反应器贴壁培养3d,调换成不含血清的LK021培养基继续培养4d.而全悬浮无血清批式培养则以3×105～4×105 cells/mL密度的CHO工程细胞株接种于生物反应器,连续培养7d.培养过程实时监测培养条件,维持pH和DO的稳定.分别收集细胞上清,离心去细胞后用Pellicon切相流超滤系统对蛋白进行浓缩,并通过DEAE离子交换柱进行纯化.结果显示,篮式贴壁培养和全悬浮批式培养均成功表达了sTNFRⅡ-gAD融合蛋白,产量分别为8.0 mg/L和7.5 mg/L、纯度分别为95％和98％,从而为sTNFRⅡ-gAD融合蛋白的中试工艺研究提供了一定的基础.     

多孔微球固定化CHO工程细胞生产rt-PA的研究

以Cytopore多孔微球固定产重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rtPA)CHO工程细胞株4B3,在2L搅拌式生物反应器用无血清培养基DF5S连续灌流培养。4B3细胞的最大活细胞密度和rtPA生产水平分别达到8.83×10⁶/mL和12473 IU/mL。含rtPA的4B3细胞培养上清经MPG吸附层析和Lysine-sepharose 4B亲和层析两步纯化,rt-PA的纯度达到98%。     

批次和流加培养中国仓鼠卵巢工程细胞的细胞周期相关基因转录谱分析

以表达人重组尿激酶原中国仓鼠卵巢 (CHO) 工程细胞系11G-S为研究对象,运用基因芯片技术比较了CHO工程细胞在批次及流加培养不同生长阶段基因表达水平的差异,在此基础上采用Genmapp软件,同时结合已知的细胞周期信号通路图,着重分析了批次及流加培养CHO工程细胞的细胞周期调控基因转录谱差异。在基因芯片涉及的19 191个目标基因中,批次和流加培养不同生长阶段CHO工程细胞的下调表达的基因数量多于上调表达基因数目;两种培养模式下的基因差异表达有着明显的不同,尤其是在细胞生长的衰退期,流加培养CHO工程细胞中下调表达的基因数量明显多于批次培养。有关调控细胞周期关键基因的转录谱分析表明,CHO工程细胞主要是通过下调表达CDKs、Cyclin及CKI家族中的Cdk6、Cdk2、Cdc2a、Ccne1、Ccne2基因及上调表达Smad4基因,来达到调控细胞增殖及维持自身活力的目的。     

类弹性蛋白多肽的从头设计、非色谱纯化及盐效应

近年来,因病毒侵害人类每年都要蒙受巨大的经济损失和社会损失。犬肾细胞MDCK以其具有的培养容易、增殖快、流感病毒感染效率高等特点,成为适用于流感病毒疫苗生产的重要细胞系之一。以MDCK细胞为研究对象,在自制无血清培养基中成功实现了MDCK细胞从有血清培养到无血清培养的驯化;并通过单细胞悬浮培养驯化过程实现了MDCK细胞的无血清单细胞悬浮培养,获得了适于无血清单细胞悬浮生长的ssf-MDCK细胞株,无血清单细胞悬浮批培养最大活细胞密度可达3.81×106 cells/mL,最大比生长速率可达0.056 h?     

适于无血清贴壁培养的抗凋亡宿主细胞系CHO-IVB2的构建

应用无血清培养基培养CHO细胞时,由于没有血清提供各种贴壁因子,细胞以悬浮的方式生长。在实际的大规模细胞培养中,CHO细胞往往以贴壁方式培养,要么贴壁于悬浮的微载体中,要么贴壁于固定的聚酯盘状介质或中空纤维中,而很少直接悬浮于培养基中。在无血清培养基中,Vitronectin单一组分可以促使CHO细胞的贴壁和扩增。通过双表达lgf-1和Bcl-2基因,已经构建了可以在无蛋白培养基IMEM中抗凋亡生长的细胞株CHO-IB3。在此基础上,构建了可以同时表达Igf-1、Vitronectin和Bcl-2三个蛋白的三顺反子表达载体pCI—NII—IVB。将该载体转染于CHO—dhfr^-细胞中,构建了一个细胞株CHO—IVB2。该细胞株可以在无蛋白培养基中抗凋亡生长,适于以贴壁的方式大规模培养,用于大量生产外源目的蛋白。     

CHO细胞法检测百日咳毒素毒性的影响因素

目的考察不同培养基、不同牛血清、血清灭活与否及生产过程中添加的各外源物质对百日咳毒素(pertussis toxin, PT)在中华仓鼠卵巢细胞(chinese hamster ovary cell, CHO)簇集试验中的影响。方法分别使用3种培养基F-12K、DMEM/F12和1640培养CHO细胞,并进行CHO细胞簇集试验,观察细胞生长状态及PT引起细胞簇集的敏感性;分别选取2个厂家的牛血清(对2种血清进行灭活和不灭活处理)培养CHO细胞,观察4种牛血清对细胞生长及簇集的影响;选用生产过程中添加的物质进行CHO细胞簇集试验,观察细胞生长状态及是否出现簇集,确定不影响细胞生长的最高浓度,同时使用不影响细胞生长的各添加物质最高浓度进行小鼠组胺致敏试验,观察与CHO细胞簇集试验结果是否一致。结果 3种培养基对CHO细胞生长及CHO细胞簇集存在明显差异,F-12K培养基培养的细胞形态规则、典型,其他2种培养基培养的细胞生长缓慢,且对PT的敏感性均低于F-12K培养基;4种牛血清中胎牛血清培养的细胞生长最快且形态规则,簇集试验敏感性优于其他3组血清;添加的各外源物质均会导致细胞生长缓慢或死亡,在稀释至一定浓度后可以排除添加物质对CHO细胞簇集试验的影响,同时在小鼠组胺致敏试验中不会引起动物死亡。结论 F-12K培养基最适宜实验室CHO细胞生长,不同血清对细胞生长和簇集的敏感度有一定差异,添加的外源物质残留量应进行控制以保证试验结果的稳定可靠。     

产尿激酶原CHO工程细胞无血清培基的研究

在分析产尿激酶原CHO工程细胞对培基中氨基酸和糖利用的基础上,对DMEM：F12(1：1)进行初步优化。采用正交实验设计建立了无血清培基11G—SG—SFM和11G—SF—SFM。用11G—SG—SFM悬浮培养11G细胞,细胞增殖速率与含5％小牛血清DMEM: F12或CHO-s-SFM相当。用11G—SE—SFM培养11G细胞,细胞增殖缓慢,但有利于提高11G细胞表达pro—uK的水平,pm—UK的表达水平比含5％小牛血清的DMEM：F12培养提高80％左右。     

Stable production of recombinant pro-urokinase by human lymphoblastoid Namalwa KJM-1 cells: Host-cell dependency of the expressed-protein stability

Human pro-urokinase (pro-UK) gene was engineered for expression in mammalian cells. The stability of recombinant pro-UKs produced by two kinds of cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human lymphoblastoid Namalwa KJM-1 cells, were compared. The pro-UK expressed in CHO cells in serum-free medium was degraded by cysteine endopeptidase secreted by CHO cells. This endopeptidase was inhibited by pchloromercuribenzonate (PCMB) and leupeptin more efficiently than by aprotinin. On the other hand, the pro-UK expressed in Namalwa KJM-1 cells was not degraded, resulting in the stable production of pro-UK at a rate of 2–3 g/10⁶ cells/day by use of a gene amplification method with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in serum-free medium. Thus, Namalwa KJM-1 cells showed the desired characteristics as a host cell for the production of recombinant proteins. The stability of recombinant proteins produced in heterologous systems may vary depending on the host cells.Abbreviations ABTS 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline) sulfonic acid diammonium salt - AMC 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin - CHO Chinese hamster ovary - DFP diisopropylfluorophosphate - DHFR dihydrofolate reductase - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - MCA 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide - MTX methotrexate - NEAA non essential amino acid - NEM N-ethylmaleimide - PCMB p-chloromercuribenzonate - PMSF phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride - pro-UK pro-urokinase     

Development of a serum-free medium for the production of erythropoietin by suspension culture of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells using a statistical design.

In order to develop a serum-free (SF) medium for the production of erythropoietin (EPO) by suspension culture of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, a statistical optimization approach based on a Plackett-Burman design was adopted. A basal medium was prepared by supplementing Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) with Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, CuCl2 and ZnSO4.7H2O which are generally contained in SF medium formulations. Insulin, transferrin and ethanolamine were also supplemented to the basal medium to determine their optimal concentrations. From this statistical analysis, glutamate, serine, methionine, phosphatidylcholine, hydrocortisone and pluronic F68 were identified as positive determinants for cell growth. The SF medium was formulated by supplementing the basal medium with components showing positive effects on cell growth in suspension culture. An EPO titer in this optimized SF medium was 79% of that in IMDM supplemented with 5% dialyzed fetal bovine serum (dFBS). Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of EPO produced in the SF medium were comparable to those produced in the serum-supplemented medium. Taken together, the results obtained here show that a Plackett-Burman design facilitates the development of SF media for the production of EPO by suspension culture of rCHO cells.     

Design of serum-free medium for suspension culture of CHO cells on the basis of general commercial media

The design of serum-free media for suspension culture of genetically engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using general commercial media as a basis was investigated. Subcultivation using a commercial serum-free medium containing insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 with or without FCS necessitated additives other than IGF-1 to compensate for the lack of FCS and improve cell growth. Suspension culture with media containing several combinations of growth factors suggested the effectiveness of addition of both IGF-1 and the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) for promoting cell growth. Subcultivation of CHO cells in suspension culture using the commercial serum-free medium EX-CELL™302, which contained an IGF-1 analog, supplemented with LPA resulted in gradually increasing specific growth rate comparable to the serum-containing medium and in almost the same high antibody production regardless of the number of generations. The culture with EX-CELL™302 supplemented with LPA in a jar fermentor with pH control at 6.9 showed an apparently higher cell growth rate than the cultures without pH control and with pH control at 6.8. The cell growth in the medium supplemented with aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), which was much cheaper than IGF-1, in combination with LPA was synergistically promoted similarly to that in the medium supplemented with IGF-1 and LPA. In conclusion, the serum-free medium designed on the basis of general commercial media could support the growth of CHO cells and antibody production comparable to serum-containing medium in suspension culture. Moreover, the possibility of cost reduction by the substitution of IGF-1 with ATA was also shown.     

Development of a serum-free medium for dihydrofolate reductase-deficient chinese hamster ovary cells (DG44) using a statistical design: Beneficial effect of weaning of cells

Summary To develop serum-free (SF) medium for dihydrofolate reductase-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells (DG44), a statistical optimization approach based on a Plackett-Burman design was adopted. DG44 cells which were normally maintained in 10% serum medium were gradually weaned to 0.5% serum medium to increase the probability of successful growth in SF medium. A basal medium was prepared by supplementing Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and Ham’s nutrient mixture F12 with hypoxanthine (10 mg/l) and thymidine (10 mg/l). Twenty-eight different supplements were selected as variables on the basis of their growth-promoting abilities. From statistical analysis, leucine, tryptophan, lysine, proline, histidine, hydrocortisone, ethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine were identified as important components showing positive effects on cell growth. A new SF medium (SF-DG44) was formulated by supplementing the basal medium with these components. When the weaned cells were inoculated at 1.0 × 10⁵ cells/ml, a maximum viable cell concentration of 6.4×10⁵ cells/ml was achieved in SF-DG44 medium. In contrast, when the unweaned cells were used, a concentration of only 4.1×10⁵ cells/ml was reached under the same culture conditions, indicating that weaning of cells improves cell growth in SF medium. In summary, we found that development of a novel SF medium for DG44 cells was facilitated using a Plackett-Burman design technique and weaning of cells.     

Serum- and protein-free media formulations for the Chinese hamster ovary cell line DUKXB11

The production of therapeutic proteins in mammalian cell lines is of outstanding importance. The maintenance of most mammalian cell lines in culture requires the addition of serum to the culture medium. The elimination of serum from mammalian cell culture is desirable since serum is expensive and a source of contaminants, e.g. viruses, mycoplasma or prions. Here we describe the composition of serum- and protein-free media for the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line DUKXB11. The serum-free formulation supports excellent growth of CHO DUKXB11 cells at low (23cells/cm2) and high (2 x 10(4) cells/cm2) seeding densities characterized by a generation time of 10-12h, and, after addition of 0.2% pluronic F-68, the growth of a recombinant suspension cell line derived from DUKXB11. In addition, this formulation also allowed us to adapt recombinant cell lines expressing various amounts of human antithrombin ATIII (ATIII) to serum-free conditions. Secretion of ATIII was readily observed in the serum-free medium. Minor changes to the serum-free formulation resulted in a protein free formulation that supported growth of CHO DUKXB11 cells, growth of recombinant CHO cells expressing ATIII, and production of ATIII.     

CHO DUKX cell lineages preadapted to growth in serum-free suspension culture enable rapid development of cell culture processes for the manufacture of recombinant proteins

Using an adaptive strategy, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were developed that are capable of robust growth in serum-free suspension culture. These preadapted derivatives of the commonly used strain of CHO cells (CHO DUKX), termed PA-DUKX, were used for the introduction and stable expression of several heterologous human genes. A significant advantage of recombinant PA-DUKX cells was their ability to readily resume growth in serum-free suspension culture after transfection and amplification of heterologous genes. Expression of recombinant human proteins in PA-DUKX cells was quantitatively similar to that of lineages generated using conventional CHO DUKX cells. In addition, recombinant human proteins expressed by transfected PA-DUKX lineages were shown to be biochemically and structurally similar to those expressed in CHO DUKX cells, PA-DUKX host cell technology provides an opportunity for reducing the time and resources required to develop large-scale, suspension culture-based manufacturing processes employing serum-free medium. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Medium optimization for the production of recombinant nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis using response surface methodology

Nattokinase is a potent fibrinolytic enzyme with the potential for fighting cardiovascular diseases. Most recently, a new Bacillus subtilis/Escherichia coli (B. subtilis/E. coli) shuttle vector has been developed to achieve stable production of recombinant nattokinase in B. subtilis (Chen; et al. 2007, 23, 808-813). With this developed B. subtilis strain, the design of an optimum but cost-effective medium for high-level production of recombinant nattokinase was attempted by using response surface methodology. On the basis of the Plackett-Burman design, three critical medium components were selected. Subsequently, the optimum combination of selected factors was investigated by the Box-Behnken design. As a result, it gave the predicted maximum production of recombinant nattokinase with 71 500 CU/mL for shake-flask cultures when the concentrations of soybean hydrolysate, potassium phosphate, and calcium chloride in medium were at 6.100, 0.415, and 0.015%, respectively. This was further verified by a duplicated experiment. Moreover, the production scheme based on the optimum medium was scaled up in a fermenter. The batch fermentation of 3 L was carried out by controlling the condition at 37 degrees C and dissolved oxygen reaching 20% of air saturation level while the fermentation pH was initially set at 8.5. Without the need for controlling the broth pH, recombinant nattokinase production with a yield of 77 400 CU/mL (corresponding to 560 mg/L) could be obtained in the culture broth within 24 h. In particular, the recombinant B. subtilis strain was found fully stable at the end of fermentation when grown on the optimum medium. Overall, it indicates the success of this experimental design approach in formulating a simple and cost-effective medium, which provides the developed strain with sufficient nutrient supplements for stable and high-level production of recombinant nattokinase in a fermenter.