中国厉螨科二新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股)

记述厉螨科Ｌｅａｌａｐｉｄａｅ Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ,１８９２二新种：拟巴阳厉螨Ａｎｄｒｏｌａｅｌａｐｓ ｓｕｂｐａｖｌｏｖｓｋｉｉ Ｌｉｕ,Ｍａ ｅｔ Ｄｉｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和峡江广厉螨Ｃｏｓｍｏｌａｅｌａｐｓ ｘｉａｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＬｉｕ ｅｔ Ｍａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,文中详细描述了新种形态特征,并与相近种作比较。     

叶氏广厉螨雄螨与若螨描述(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股:厉螨科)

本文描述叶氏广厉螨ＣｏｓｍｏｌａｅｌａｐｓｙｅｒｕｉｙｕａｅＭａ,１９９５雄螨、后若螨及前若螨。     

湖北神农架华厉螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述采自湖北省神农架林区华厉螨属一新种,即柳氏华厉螨Ｓｉｎｏｌａｅｌａｐｓ ｌｉｕｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。并与近似种猪尾鼠华厉螨．Ｓｙｐｈｌｏｍｙｄｉｓ Ｇｕ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,１９７９,武夷华厉螨Ｓ．ｗｕｙｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｗａｎｇ,１９８２和云南华厉螨Ｓ．ｙｕｍｍａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｔｉａｎ,９１８８进行了比较。     

拟厉螨属二新种和中国一新记录：蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科

本文记述拟厉螨属二新种：中华拟厉螨Ｌａｅｌａｓｐｉｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,中卫拟厉螨Ｌａｅｌａｓｐｉｓ ｚｈｏｎｇｗｅｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和中国一新纪录：骑拟厉螨Ｌ．ｅｑｕｉｔａｎｓ（Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ,１８９１）。模式标本采自宁夏海原,中卫二县,保存于宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所和南京大学医学院。     

青海省阳厉螨属一新种：蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科

本文记述从青海省湟中长尾仓鼠Ｃｒｉｅｃｔｕｌｕｓ ｌｏｎｇｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓ巢中采得的阳厉螨属一新种,即九棘阳厉螨Ａｎｄｒｏｌａｅｌａｐｓ ｎｏｖｅｍｓｐｉｎｏｓｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。新种与三叉阳厉螨Ａ．ｔｒｉｆｕｒｃａｔｕｓ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ ＬｉＲＵＶ ＲＰ     

厉螨科二新种和中国一新纪录种（蜱螨亚纲：寄螨目）

本文报道厉螨科二新种和我国一新纪录种,均采自新疆。伊犁血厉螨Ｈａｅｍｏｌａｅｌａｐｓｙｉｌｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,寄主为柽柳沙土鼠;博乐血厉螨,新种Ｈａｅｍｏｌａｅｌａｐｓｂｏｌｅｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,寄主为小地兔;熊蜂肺厉螨Ｐｎｅｕｍｏｌａｅｌａｐｓｂｏｍｂｉｃｏｌｅｎｓ（Ｃａｎｅｓｔｒｉｎｉ,１８８４）,寄主为熊蜂。     

下盾螨属和广厉螨属5新种记述及峡江广厉螨和心形血厉螨补充描述（蜱螨亚纲：中气门目：厉螨科）

记述下盾螨属和广厉螨属5新种：西宁下盾螨Hypoaspis xiningensis／Viaet Lin,sp．nov．,贵阳下盾螨Hypoasp／sguiyangensis MaetLin,sp．nov．,壮毛广厉螨Cosmolaelapsrobustochaetes MaetLin,sp．nov．,细毛广厉螨Cosmolaelaps leptochaetes MaetLin,sp．nov．和拟棒广厉螨Cosmolaelaps quasichaviger Maet Lin,sp．nov．。并对峡江广厉螨Cosmolaelaps xiajiangensis Liu et Ma,2000及心形血厉螨Haemolaelaps cordatus Tanget Pan,1964进行补充描述。     

拟厉螨属一新种和中国一新纪录：（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述拟厉螨属Ｌａｅｌａｓｐｉｓ Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ,１９０３一新种,宁夏拟厉螨Ｌ．ｎｉｎｇｘｉａｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和国内一新纪录,光滑拟厉螨Ｌ．ｌａｅｖｉｓ （Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ,１８９１）。标本采自宁夏海原,存于宁夏回自治区地方病防治和南京大学医学院。     

湖北阳厉螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股:厉螨科)

记述阳厉螨属１新种,即叉阳厉螨Ａｎｄｒｏｌａｅｌａｐｓｔｒｉｆｕｒｃａｔｏｉｄｅｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

中国副肛厉螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：囊螨科）

本文记述副肛厉螨属一新种－中卫副肛厉螨Ｐａｒａｐｒｏｃｔｏｌａｅｌａｐｓ ｚｈｏｎｇｗｅｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本采自宁夏、中卫县,存于宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.