NaCl胁迫对不同西瓜种质资源发芽的影响

采用7种NaCl浓度胁迫对23份纯合的西瓜种质资源进行耐盐性研究。结果表明：随着NaCl浓度增加,西瓜发芽率下降,不同种质资源的致死浓度有明显差异,在低浓度下大部分种质资源发芽率不变或反而增加。在80～160mmol／L盐浓度下,千粒重与发芽率呈显著性相关,最大相关系数为0．606。相同NaCl浓度对不同西瓜种质资源间的侧根、根长、鲜重、下胚轴和盐害指数影响不同。对5项测定指标进行聚类分析,将23份种质资源分为4类,第2类为耐盐性好的材料,综合分析四倍体西瓜的耐盐性高于二倍体。     

菜用黄麻种质萌发期耐盐性评价北大核心CSCD

为明确不同盐胁迫对菜用黄麻种子萌发的影响,并综合评价菜用黄麻种质的耐盐性,本研究以13份菜用黄麻种质为试验材料,以2份纤用黄麻为参照种质,分别测定在不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)的两种单盐NaCl、Na2SO4处理下种子的发芽率、发芽势、胚芽长度、胚根长度,采用隶属函数法和系统聚类分析法对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明,不同种类和不同浓度的盐胁迫对菜用黄麻发芽势、发芽率、胚根长度、胚芽长度存在不同程度的影响。随着盐浓度的增加菜用黄麻各指标均在盐浓度为200 mmol/L显著低于对照。NaCl胁迫对菜用黄麻萌发期各指标的抑制作用由大到小依次为胚根长>发芽势>胚芽长>发芽率,Na2SO4胁迫对菜用黄麻萌发期各指标的抑制作用由大到小依次为胚根长>胚芽长>发芽势>发芽率。Na2SO4对菜用黄麻种子萌发的抑制作用高于Na Cl。根据对13份菜用黄麻种质以及2份参照种质的综合评价及聚类分析,将15份黄麻种质划分为高耐盐、中度耐盐、盐敏感3种类型,筛选出高耐Na Cl的菜用黄麻4份分别为14MCB-1、粤引2号、埃及麻菜、福农1号,高耐Na2SO4种质1份为桂麻菜2号及对2种单盐均表现敏感的菜用黄麻种质平果麻菜。     

菜用黄麻种质萌发期耐盐性评价

为明确不同盐胁迫对菜用黄麻种子萌发的影响,并综合评价菜用黄麻种质的耐盐性,本研究以13份菜用黄麻种质为试验材料,以2份纤用黄麻为参照种质,分别测定在不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)的两种单盐NaCl、Na2SO4处理下种子的发芽率、发芽势、胚芽长度、胚根长度,采用隶属函数法和系统聚类分析法对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明,不同种类和不同浓度的盐胁迫对菜用黄麻发芽势、发芽率、胚根长度、胚芽长度存在不同程度的影响。随着盐浓度的增加菜用黄麻各指标均在盐浓度为200 mmol/L显著低于对照。NaCl胁迫对菜用黄麻萌发期各指标的抑制作用由大到小依次为胚根长发芽势胚芽长发芽率,Na2SO4胁迫对菜用黄麻萌发期各指标的抑制作用由大到小依次为胚根长胚芽长发芽势发芽率。Na2SO4对菜用黄麻种子萌发的抑制作用高于Na Cl。根据对13份菜用黄麻种质以及2份参照种质的综合评价及聚类分析,将15份黄麻种质划分为高耐盐、中度耐盐、盐敏感3种类型,筛选出高耐Na Cl的菜用黄麻4份分别为14MCB-1、粤引2号、埃及麻菜、福农1号,高耐Na2SO4种质1份为桂麻菜2号及对2种单盐均表现敏感的菜用黄麻种质平果麻菜。     

甘蓝型油菜苗期生长阶段对NaCl胁迫的生理响应

以甘蓝型油菜自交系2205(强耐盐型)、487(中耐盐型)和1423(敏盐型)为材料,采用土培+水培方法于五叶期研究了0(无盐胁迫,CK)、60 mmol·L-1(低盐)、120 mmol·L-1(中低盐)、180 mmol·L-1(中盐)、240mmol·L-1(高盐)NaCl胁迫后的叶片MDA、可溶性糖、甜菜碱和叶绿素含量的变化特征,为油菜耐盐性评价提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)叶片MDA含量在低盐和中低盐胁迫下降低且显著低于CK,在中盐和高盐胁迫下显著升高,并以品系2205含量最低且升幅最小,品系1423最高且升幅最大。(2)叶片可溶性糖含量在低盐和中低盐胁迫下减少(但2205在中低盐胁迫下显著高于CK),在中盐和高盐胁迫下升高且显著高于CK,并以品系2205含量最高增幅最大且显著高于品系487和1423,品系1423含量最低且增幅最小。(3)叶片甜菜碱含量随NaCl浓度升高增加,品系2205和487在中低以上盐浓度胁迫下显著升高,品系1423仅在高盐胁迫下显著升高,并以品系2205含量最高且增幅最大,1423含量最低且增幅最小。(4)叶片叶绿素含量在低盐和中低盐胁迫下显著增加,且以2205叶片叶绿素含量最高且增幅最大,但在中盐和高盐胁迫下显著减少,并以品系1423含量最低且降幅最高。研究表明,120mmol·L-1以下NaCl胁迫对油菜苗期生长可能有促进作用,180mmol·L-1以上NaCl胁迫则有明显抑制作用,且NaCl浓度越高油菜受伤害越重;油菜苗期生长阶段,NaCl胁迫浓度在120~180mmol·L-1时各生理指标发生显著变化,可能是鉴定耐盐性强弱的适宜浓度;综合分析认为,品系2205具有强的耐盐性,品系1423耐盐性最差,这与之前萌芽期和幼苗期鉴定结果一致。     

粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性综合评价与筛选

为鉴定和评价粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性,利用125 mmol/L NaCl盐胁迫对165份粳稻种质资源进行处理,测定耐盐级别、叶片伤害百分率、苗高、根长、SPAD、地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重和根干重,计算地上部含水量和除耐盐级别、叶片伤害百分率之外各性状的相对指标。结果表明:耐盐级别与相对苗高、相对SPAD、相对地上部鲜重、相对根鲜重、相对地上部干重、相对根干重、相对植株干重和地上部含水量均呈极显著正相关,与叶片伤害百分率和相对根冠比呈极显著负相关。通过主成分分析将12个评价指标转换为5个主成分,累计贡献率为86.473%,应用隶属函数和权重,获得了客观评价粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性的综合评价值D。筛选到Bertone、长白26、伊粳12号、宁资629和小琥板稻5个苗期综合耐盐性强的种质。通过聚类分析将165份粳稻种质资源划分为4类,第Ⅰ类群主要由盐敏感种质构成,第Ⅱ类群主要由弱耐盐种质构成,第Ⅲ类群仅包含1份盐敏感种质,为苏选2,第Ⅳ类群是以弱耐盐和耐盐种质为主的混合类群。结合主成分和逐步回归分析,确定耐盐级别、相对根长、相对地上部干重、相对根干重和地上部含水量5个指标可作为粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性鉴定的重要指标,本研究结果可为耐盐水稻资源筛选及鉴定提供理论依据。     

马铃薯耐盐性离体鉴定方法的建立及52份种质资源耐盐性评价

为探究马铃薯种质资源耐盐性强弱,采用添加NaCl的MS培养基模拟盐胁迫的方法,研究了不同盐浓度对4份不同熟性耐盐代表材料的株高、总生物量、芽鲜质量和生根率的影响,确定耐盐筛选适宜浓度为100 mmol/L。利用该浓度胁迫52份马铃薯种质,采用隶属函数和聚类分析的方法进行耐盐性鉴定,综合评价得到极端耐盐材料为陇薯5号和LZ111,极端盐敏感材料为青薯9号、陇薯8号、中薯14号和04P48-3。本研究建立的马铃薯耐盐性离体鉴定方法和筛选获得的不同耐盐种质,将为耐盐育种及机理研究奠定技术和材料基础。     

番茄耐盐体细胞变异体的离体筛选

以上海主要栽培番茄品种“鲜丰”的下胚轴作为外植体诱导愈伤组织,用NaCl进行直接高盐胁迫和逐渐加大盐浓度胁迫筛选。研究结果表明,逐渐NaCl浓度胁迫筛选获得的耐盐性大多属生理适应性,直接高盐胁迫筛选才有可能获得真正的耐盐突变体。直接高盐胁迫筛选再生出的12株耐盐植株,在150mmol/L NaCl的盐胁迫下,幼苗的成活率可达66％,而未经胁迫筛选过的原始株成活率则为零。其中,2株耐盐突变株能正常开花、结果。其在盐胁迫培养基中芽体的生根率、鲜重及干重均显著高于原始株。     

人工合成甘蓝型油菜早期世代及其亲本对盐胁迫的生理响应

以白菜‘矮抗青’(基因组AA)和‘中花芥蓝’(基因组CC)及其人工合成异源四倍体甘蓝型油菜(AACC)的早期世代(F1~F4)为实验材料,采用水培方法分别比较它们在100、200mmol/L NaCl处理下的生理指标差异。结果表明:(1)在盐胁迫条件下,‘中花芥蓝’植株的生物量、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性均最低,而相对电导率、MDA含量则最高。在100mmol/L NaCl处理下,F2代植株的生物量、叶绿素含量、SOD活性最大,MDA含量最低;在200mmol/L NaCl处理下,F4代的生物量、叶绿素含量、POD活性最大,MDA含量最低。研究发现,亲本‘矮抗青’的耐盐特性高于亲本‘中花芥蓝’,它们的杂种后代(异源四倍体)遗传了AA基因组的耐盐特性,从而比二倍体亲本具有更强的抵御盐胁迫的能力。     

花生萌发期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质筛选

为了解江苏花生种质资源的耐盐性,挖掘耐盐种质资源,本试验对47份花生种质材料进行耐盐性综合评价,以发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、发芽率、鲜重、相对含水量、干重的相对值为鉴定指标,采用主成分分析、隶属函数法以及聚类分析方法,对其进行萌发期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质筛选。结果表明,花生种质材料萌发期的耐盐性强弱判定结果受多个指标影响,相对含水量和鲜重可以作为花生种质萌发期耐盐性的最佳鉴定指标,5 g/L Na Cl溶液可以作为花生萌发期耐盐性鉴定的合适浓度,47份花生材料划为5个耐盐级别,筛选出JP42、JP29、JP23、JP43、JP35、JP4等6份耐盐性强的种质,JP27和JP98为高度敏感材料,隶属函数法结合耐盐分级可以作为一种简便快速鉴定花生萌发期耐盐性的方法。     

不同浓度5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)浸种对NaCl胁迫下番茄种子发芽率及芽苗生长的影响

为探讨外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对NaCl胁迫下番茄种子发芽率及芽苗生长的影响,以‘中杂九号’番茄种子为试材,不同浓度ALA(0、0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0mg/L)浸种24h后,在0、25、50、100mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,28℃,黑暗培养7d,研究ALA对番茄种子发芽参数(发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽苗总鲜重)及胚芽和胚根中的抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD、过氧化氢酶CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明:非盐胁迫下,ALA浸种使番茄种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽苗总鲜重增加,胚根中SOD、POD活性降低,MDA含量减少;25 mmol/L NaCl胁迫能够提高发芽率、活力指数、芽苗总鲜重,而50-100mmol/L NaCl胁迫极显著的降低发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数;0.1-0.5mg/L ALA浸种能够提高NaCl胁迫下番茄种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、芽苗总鲜重和抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量,而高浓度ALA(10.0mg/L)浸种导致发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数降低.总之,ALA浸种能够促进番茄种子萌发和芽苗生长,浸种浓度不宜超过5.0mg/L,NaCl胁迫下以0.1 mg/L ALA浸种处理效果最佳.     

Yield reduction in Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, and Sinapis alba caused by flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)) infestation in northern Idaho

Phyllotreta cruciferae is an important insect pest of spring-planted Brassica crops, especially during the seedling stage. To determine the effect of early season P. cruciferae infestation on seed yield, 10 genotypes from each of two canola species (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.) and two mustard species (Brassica juncea L. and Sinapis alba L.) were grown in 2 yr under three different P. cruciferae treatments: (1) no insecticide control; (2) foliar applications of endosulfan; and (3) carbofuran with seed at planting plus foliar application of carbaryl. Averaged over 10 genotypes, B. rapa showed most visible P. cruciferae injury and showed greatest yield reduction without insecticide application. Mustard species (S. alba and B. juncea) showed least visible injury and higher yield without insecticide compared with canola species (B. napus and B. rapa). Indeed, average seed yield of S. alba without insecticide was higher than either B. napus or B. rapa with most effective P. cruciferae control. Significant variation occurred within each species. A number of lines from B. napus, B. juncea, anid S. alba showed less feeding injury and yield reduction as a result of P. cruciferae infestation compared with other lines from the same species examined, thus having potential genetic background for developing resistant cultivars.     

盐胁迫对4种短命植物种子萌发及植株生长的影响

以新疆北部4种十字花科短命植物为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl胁迫下其种子萌发及植株生长特性,以明确它们的耐盐性强弱。结果显示:(1)随着NaCl浓度的增加,4种植物种子萌发率、萌发指数和相对萌发率均不同程度下降,而相对盐害率则逐渐升高,并以绵果荠的耐盐性最好,其在300 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下仍有22.22%的萌发率。(2)4种植物的生长在50~150 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下没有受到明显抑制,在200 mmol.L-1浓度下受不同程度的抑制,而在300 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下抑制作用更严重,其中绵果荠在各浓度处理下长势均最好,能够在300 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下存活10 d。(3)在盐胁迫条件下,4种植物细胞质膜透性不同程度增加,而叶片相对含水量和光合色素含量均不同程度降低,并以绵果荠各项指标的变化幅度最小。可见,4种新疆短命植物种子萌发和植株生长均受到盐胁迫的伤害,但它们的耐盐阈值明显不同,并以绵果荠的耐盐性最强。     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下大黄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

该研究以掌叶大黄、唐古特大黄和药用大黄种子为材料,采用双层滤纸培养法,设置系列浓度NaCl (0、100、150、200、250 mmol/L) 胁迫试验,以及系列浓度水杨酸(SA)溶液(0、50、100、150、200、250 mg/L)拌种和浸种后盐胁迫实验,测定3种大黄种子萌发及幼苗生长指标,揭示外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下大黄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示：(1)随NaCl浓度增大3种大黄种子的发芽率均呈直线下降趋势,且子叶、胚轴、根和苗等生长均受到强烈抑制。(2)在拌种条件下, 200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下掌叶大黄苗长在200 mg/L SA处理下受到显著促进; 200 mmol/L NaCl浓度盐胁迫下唐古特大黄种子发芽率在250 mg/L SA处理下受到显著抑制;100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下药用大黄种子发芽势在200 mg/L SA处理下受到显著抑制,其发芽率在150 mg/L SA处理下得到显著抑制,其苗长在250 mg/L SA处理下受到显著抑制。(3)在浸种条件下, 200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下掌叶大黄种子发芽率在50 mg/L SA处理下显著提高,其幼苗根长和苗长的生长在250 mg/L SA处理受到显著促进;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下唐古特大黄种子的发芽势在200 mg/L SA处理下得到显著促进,其幼苗根和苗的生长在50 mg/L SA处理下得到显著促进;100 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下药用大黄根和苗的生长在100 mg/L SA处理下均得到显著促进。研究表明,3种大黄种子和幼苗对盐胁迫的响应趋势一致,但对不同浓度SA拌种和浸种的响应有较大差异。     

Resistance of some cultivated Brassicaceae to infestations by Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Selecting insect-resistant plant varieties is a key component of integrated management programs of oligophagous pests such as diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), but rigorous research on important life history parameters of P. xylostella in relation to host plant resistance is rare. We evaluated six conventional brassicaceous species, namely, Brassica napus L. 'Q2', B. rapa L., B. juncea (L.) Czern., B. carinata L., B. oleracea L., and Sinapis alba L., and two herbicide-tolerant cultivars, namely, B. napus 'Liberty' and B. napus 'Conquest' for their resistance against P. xylostella. Brassicaceae species and cultivars varied considerably in their susceptibilities as hosts for P. xylostella. Sinapis alba and B. rapa plants were highly preferred by ovipositing females and trichome density on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces had nonsignificant effects on P. xylostella oviposition. Larval survival was similar on the genotypes we tested, but host plants significantly affected larval and pupal developmental time, herbivory, pupal weight, silk weight, adult body weight, forewing area and longevity (without food) of both male and female P. xylostella. Larval and pupal development of females was fastest on B. juncea and S. alba, respectively. Specimens reared on B. napus Liberty and B. oleracea, respectively, produced the lightest female and male pupae. Defoliation by both female and male larvae was highest on B. rapa, whereas least herbivory occurred on S. alba. Females reared on S. alba were heavier and lived longer in the absence of food than their counterparts raised on other tested host plants. Brassica oleracea could not compensate for larval feeding to the level of the other species we evaluated. B. napus Conquest, B. napus Q2, B. carinata, B. rapa, and S. alba produced, respectively, 1.6-, 1.8-, 1.8-, 3.9-, and 5.5-fold heavier root systems when infested than their uninfested counterparts, suggesting that these species were better able to tolerate P. xylostella infestations.     

铀尾沙对油菜幼苗生长和生理特征的影响

采用沙培盆栽试验,以铀尾沙所占比例分别为0%(CK)、25%(T1)、50%(T2)、75%(T3)、100%(T4)的培养基质,研究了铀尾沙对芥菜型油菜、甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜出苗率、幼苗生物量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响.结果表明:不同比例的铀尾沙对油菜出苗率的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05).3种油菜的生物量均随铀尾沙处理量的增加而呈先增后降的现象,甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜在T2时生物量最大,芥菜型油菜在T3时生物量最大.MDA含量则呈先降低后升高,甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜在T2时MDA含量最低,芥菜型油菜在T3时的MDA含量最低,并与叶绿素含量呈显著的负相关.随铀尾沙处理量的增加,3种类型的油菜SOD、CAT、POD、APX和GR活性逐渐增加,GSH含量也持续升高.铀尾沙对油菜幼苗生长和抗氧化酶系统产生了一定的诱导作用,而这3种油菜也对铀尾沙也表现出较强的耐受能力.     

Relationships between growth and gas exchange characteristics in some salt-tolerant amphidiploid Brassica species in relation to their diploid parents

Relationships between growth and different gas exchange characteristics of two amphidiploid salt tolerant species, Brassica napus, and B. carinata with respect to their salt sensitive parents, B. oleracea, and B. nigra were investigated. Twenty three-day old plants of these four species along with those of another amphidiploid moderately salt tolerant B. juncea (developed by hybridization of diploids, B. campestris and B. nigra), and a diploid moderately salt tolerant, B. campestris, were subjected for 28 days to salinized sand culture containing 0, 100 or 200 mol NaCl m(-3) in Hoagland's nutrient solution. The species B. napus and B. carinata produced significantly greater shoot fresh and dry matters than their parents under saline conditions. A close association was found between growth, and assimilation rate for all species differing in degree of salt tolerance. Stomatal conductance (g(s)) was reduced due to salt stress in all species but this variable had no significant correlation with assimilation rate (A). However, the amphidiploid salt tolerant species, B. napus and B. carinata had significantly greater photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency (A/E), intrinsic water use efficiency (A/g(s)) than those of their diploid parents. In conclusion, high salt tolerance of the two amphidiploid species, B. napus and B. carinata was associated with a high assimilation rate, water use efficiency and intrinsic water use efficiency but there was little association of the tolerance of these species with stomatal conductance, leaf water potential or transpiration rate (E).     

Promotion by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid of Germination of Pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis Tsen et Lee) Seeds Under Salt Stress

The seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.communis Tsen et Lee cv. Hanxiao) were not significantly inhibited until the concentration of NaCl was increased to150 mmol/L. Treatment of pakchoi seeds with exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10.00 mg/L, promoted seed germination when seeds were stressed by salinity, whereas levulinic acid (LA), an inhibitor of ALA dehydrase, significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, suggesting that metabolism of ALA into porphyrin compounds was necessary for seed germination and seedling growth. Determination of respiratory rate during seed germination showed that ALA increased seed respiration under both normal conditions and salt stress. Furthermore, salt stress decreased levels of endogenous ALA, as well as heme, in etiolated seedlings. More salt-tolerant cultivars of pakchoi contained higher relative levels of endogenous ALA and heme under conditions of salt stress.These results indicate that salt stress may inhibit the biosynthesis of endogenous ALA and then heme,which is necessary for seed germination, and treatment of seeds with exogenous ALA prior to germination may be associated with the biosynthesis of heme.     

盐胁迫对盐生植物黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

盐生植物黄花补血草广泛分布于我国西北地区、东北西部以及华北北部,对改良盐碱土壤具有重要的生态作用。以黄花补血草(Limonium aureum(L.)Hill)为材料,研究分析了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对其种子萌发和幼苗生长产生的抑制效应及作用机制。结果表明:低浓度NaCl(25 mmol/L和50 mmol/L)处理不影响黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长,25 mmol/L NaCl甚至促进了根生长,而高浓度NaCl(100 mmol/L和150 mmol/L)处理明显抑制种子萌发及幼苗生长。利用荧光探针的检测结果表明,NaCl处理的幼苗根中过氧化氢(H2O2)和一氧化氮(NO)含量明显高于对照水平。碘化丙啶(PI)染色结合激光共聚焦显微镜观察及检测相对电导率结果显示,高浓度NaCl处理抑制了幼苗根尖伸长区细胞的伸长生长,增加了细胞膜的通透性,对根细胞造成了明显的伤害。此外,高浓度NaCl处理诱导叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高。以上结果说明,黄花补血草对低浓度的盐具有一定的耐盐性,但高浓度盐降低了种子的萌发率,使幼苗根中H2O2产生增加,抑制根尖伸长区细胞的伸长生长,对根、叶造成明显氧化损伤,从而抑制黄花补血草幼苗的生长。     

两个油菜种对水分胁迫的适应方式

本文报道了2个油菜种对水分胁迫的适应方式。研究表明:芥菜型油菜对水分胁迫的适应性强于甘蓝型。其主要原因是由于形态方面的抗旱性,包括发育良好的根系,较厚的蜡质关闭了气孔。同时芥菜型油菜能将其余部分的水分调用到生长区而免遭旱害。甘蓝型油菜叶水势下降快,在相同水势下其相对电导值低于芥菜型。同时还观察了2个种在干旱条件下叶绿体与其基粒的变化。总之,芥菜型具典型的高水势耐旱特性,而甘蓝型具低水势耐旱特性。     

Germination ecology of coastal plants in relation to salt environment

Responses of seed germination to salinity were examined using 37 species collected from salt marshes, cliffs, and fore (unstable) and hind (stable) sand dunes along Japanese coasts. For comparison, seed germination of nine inland species was also examined. The soil salinities in salt marshes ranged from 150 to 300 mmol/L NaCl, whereas those in fore and hind dunes ranged from 0 to 150 mmol/L NaCl, with a few exceptions. Cliff soils showed relatively high salinities up to 300 mmol/L NaCl. Ciff and foredune soils that encountered a typhoon and storm showed high salinities >300 mmol/L NaCl. Salt tolerance in seed germination of coastal plants was ordered by comparing the responses of percentage and rate of germination to salinity conditions up to 200 mmol/L NaCl, being in the order of salt marsh>cliff>foredune≅hind dune≅inland. Thse results indicate that salt tolerance in seed germination of coastal plants is closely related to the salinity conditions of their habitats. Germination experiments under favorable conditions showed that a high percentage of the seeds of salt marsh species germinate rapidly, those of diff species germinate slowly and those of foredune species exhibit a low percentage and low rate of germination. It seems that these germination characteristics contribute to the success of germination at the ‘safe site’ and the subsequent survivorship of emerged plants in their natural habitats.