"东湖早"枇杷的组织培养(简报)

以“东湖早”枇杷的幼胚为外植体,在B5 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L培养基上诱导愈伤组织,经继代培养基B5 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L培养后,置于B5 6-BA 1.5 mg/L培养基上诱导分化,产生不定芽。将幼苗切段转接到MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基上进行增殖培养,繁殖系数为3~5。待芽长2~3cm时再分切成单株于1/2MS NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基上,可正常生根。     

小麦遗传转化受体系统建立的研究

选用‘小偃22’和‘宁春16’小麦品种的成熟胚和幼胚进行培养,研究不同种类的胚和培养因子对愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响。结果表明,幼胚和成熟胚的愈伤组织诱导率无明显差异,但较高浓度的2,4-D有利于成熟胚的诱导,而幼胚培养时2,4-D浓度的影响效果因品种而异;两种外植体分化率的高低与KT/IAA的配比均有密切关系,但高浓度的激素水平不利于成熟胚的分化;诱导培养基中低浓度的2,4-D有利于所诱导的愈伤组织的分化。同时,在诱导培养基中添加低浓度的KT能显著提高两品种成熟胚愈伤组织的分化率;各种培养基处理与品种间都存在显著的互作效应,‘小偃22’成熟胚培养的最佳培养基组合为MSD 3.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MSD 0.5 mg/LIAA 1.0 mg/L KT,幼胚培养为MSD 4.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MSD 0.5 mg/L IAA 1.0 mg/L KT;‘宁春16’成熟胚培养为MSD 4.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MSD 1.0 mg/L IAA 1.0 mg/L KT,幼胚培养时为MSD 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MSD 2.0 mg/L IAA 2.0 mg/L KT。     

何首乌体细胞胚的诱导及植株再生研究

以何首乌茎尖、茎段为外植体,经体细胞胚发生途径,进行胚性愈伤组织诱导、体细胞胚的诱导、植株再生的研究.并采用临时压片法对体细胞胚的发育过程进行观察.结果表明愈伤组织诱导最适培养基为Ms＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L,体细胞胚诱导最适培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L.将产生的体细胞胚首先接种于MS基本培养基使其充分发育后转入MS＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L培养基中诱导出芽,出芽率高于直接采用Ms＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L培养基诱导.体细胞胚的发育过程是首先在愈伤组织表面形成许多瘤状突起即胚性细胞团,胚性细胞团继续发育成球形胚、盾形胚,球形胚、盾形胚成熟后发育成植株.     

长白落叶松体胚发生再生体系优化

以长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)未成熟合子胚为外植体诱导胚性愈伤组织, 通过调节影响体胚发生的营养物质和植物生长调节剂配比, 进行愈伤组织的胚性恢复与保持以及体胚发生再生体系的优化。结果表明: 不同无性系之间胚性愈伤组织诱导率差异显著, 胚性愈伤组织在S+0.2 mg·L ^-1NAA+0.5 mg·L ^-1BA+0.5 mg·L ^-1KT+0.5 g·L ^-1谷氨酰胺+0.5 g·L ^-1水解酪蛋白+30 g·L ^-1蔗糖及3.0 g·L ^-1植物凝胶培养条件下, 可以恢复胚性并长久保持。在S+20 mg·L ^-1ABA+60 g·L ^-1PEG₄₀₀₀+60 g·L ^-1蔗糖及3.0 g·L ^-1植物凝胶条件下分化培养6周, 体胚发生率可达100%。将正常发育的体胚先在WPM+ 6 mg·L ^-1间苯三酚+1.0 g·L ^-1活性炭+3.0 mg·L ^-1VB₁+20 g·L ^-1蔗糖及3.0 g·L ^-1植物凝胶条件下培养2周, 再转接至B₅+ 0.4 mg·L ^-1NAA+1.0 mg·L ^-1IBA+0.5 mg·L ^-1GA₃+2.0 mg·L ^-1VB₁+1.0 g·L ^-1活性炭+20 g·L ^-1蔗糖及3.0 g·L ^-1植物凝胶条件下培养2周, 可见子叶舒展、下胚轴伸长且根系正常的体胚苗。该研究建立了长白落叶松胚性愈伤组织胚性恢复与保持方法, 并进一步优化了体胚发生的植株再生体系, 为林木资源快速繁育和遗传改良奠定了基础。     

秦艽(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)离体培养再生过程中体细胞胚的发生(简报)

本文以秦艽叶片和茎段作为外植体,通过离体培养对秦艽植株再生途径进行研究。愈伤组织在添加2mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L BA的MS培养基上诱导,两周内可出现愈伤组织。愈伤组织在相同激素配比并附加500mg/L LH的MS培养基上继代。愈伤组织的分化在添加有0.1mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L BA的MB培养基上进行。通过显微观测,疑似体细胞胚可以在叶片和茎段的愈伤组织上产生。形态学和组织学的分析进一步证实了秦艽离体再生过程中体细胞胚发生的现象。体细胞胚和合子胚一样,也经历球形、心形、鱼雷和子叶胚等发育时期。相对独立的结构说明秦艽的体细胞胚可能是单细胞来源。体细胞胚在愈伤组织的表面和内部都有出现。在本实验中,体细胞胚发生途径是在秦艽愈伤组织形成后观察到的唯一再生途径。     

胚龄和激素对小麦幼胚组织培养的影响

以扬麦158为试验材料,通过田间取样室内培养的方法研究了胚龄和激素对小麦幼胚组织培养的作用。结果表明,幼胚组织培养最适宜的胚龄为14—16d;适宜的2,4-D浓度为1．5-2．5mg/L;适宜的IAA浓度为2．0-3．0mg/L;适宜的6-BA浓度为0．1-0．8mg/L;适宜的KT浓度为0．5—1．5mg/L。因此,胚龄和激素对于小麦幼胚组织培养具有明显的调节作用．在组织培养实践中,充分认识和综合协调这些因素对小麦幼胚组织培养的作用,可以提高组织培养效率,使其更加有利于生物学研究、遗传转化和快速育种等工作。     

茅苍术胚培养与快速繁殖(简报)

茅苍术种胚在MS 6-BA 1.0mg/L NAA 0.2mg/L培养基上可快速生长并分化出不定芽;不定芽在MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L NAA 0.2mg/L培养基上快速增殖,45d增殖倍数为4.5;增殖芽在1/2 MS NAA 0.5mg/L培养基上快速生根。     

沙打旺悬浮培养细胞原生质体的体细胞胚胎发生再生植株(英文)

以继代培养5—24代的沙打旺(Astra-galus adsurgens Pall.)胚性悬浮系为材料,从生长4d的细胞培养物中可游离出大量有活力的原生质体。细胞预质壁分离或低温预处理对原生质体得率和活力没有影响,但可提高原生质体培养的植板率。预处理的原生质体培养在NH_4NO_3浓度降至2.5mmol/L,并附加0.5mg/L NAA、1.0mg/L 2,4-D、0.7mg/L BA和0.4mol/L葡萄糖的KM8P培养基中,经持续分裂形成细胞克隆,植板率高达16%—20%。细胞克隆在附加1.0mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L BA的MS培养基中增殖后,转至含0.1mg/L NAA和1.0mg/L BA的MS分化培养基中可形成体细胞胚,平均体细胞胚发生频率约为40%,每个克隆产生20—40个体细胞胚。在无激素的1/2MS培养基中,体细胞胚发育成形态正常和染色体数稳定的小植株。     

大葱成熟胚离体培养植株再生

以大葱成熟胚为外植体,就激素浓度对其愈伤组织和不定芽的诱导情况进行了初步探讨。结果表明,2,4-D(1.0mg/L-2.0mg/L) 6-BA(0.5mg/L-2.0mg/L)为诱导愈伤组织的适宜组合范围,不定芽的诱导以6-BA（1.0mg/L-2.0mg/L) NAA)65mg/L效果最好,不定芽在MS0上可正常生根,发育成完整植株。     

非洲紫罗兰叶片体细胞胚培养及快繁技术研究

以非洲紫罗兰叶片为材料进行胚状体诱导及快繁技术研究.结果表明:.在MS NAA0.1mg/L BA0.1 mg/L 2,4-D1.0 mg/L的培养基上培养15d利于诱导胚性细胞分化,起始黑暗培养5～10d可提高胚性细胞分化率;在MS BA0.05～1mg/L的培养基上可诱导胚状体大量发生;在MS NAA0.1mg/L十BA0.1 mg/L的培养基上能够获得茎芽快速增殖;在1/2MS NAA0.01mg/L的培养基上可以生根.     

湿地松体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生

以湿地松的未成熟合子胚为外植体,在附加８ｍｇ／Ｌ,２,４－Ｄ和４ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ的ＬＰ培养基上诱导出胚性愈伤组织。在含１ｍｇ／Ｌ,２,４－Ｄ和０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ的培养基上保持并增殖。提高培养基的渗透压后,愈伤组织内大量的胚性胚柄细胞团和早期原胚。     

人工合成冬性六倍体小麦的研究

以冬性四倍体硬粒小麦(Triticum durum,2n=28,AABB)为母本与粗山羊草(Aegilops tauschii,2n=14,DD)杂交,得到的单倍体幼胚(n=21,ABD)经组织培养拯救,获得的幼苗经染色体加倍而成为合成小麦(AABBDD)。从中鉴定、筛选出冬性的合成小麦。幼胚仅在1/2 MS培养基上培养,成苗率为75.81%;根据幼胚的发育状态,将发育较完善的幼胚直接接种在1/2 MS培养基上,将发育不良的幼胚先接种于1/2 MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D培养基上进一步养育幼胚,之后视幼胚发育状况再将其转入1/2 MS培养基中培养成苗,此方法的成苗率为92.44%,较前者的成苗率提高了16.63%。染色体加倍在冬季塑膜拱棚内用0.05%秋水仙素进行半根法处理,较容易获得健壮苗,并且分蘖多。     

Somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium) I. Effects of source of explant and hormone regime

Optimal media for induction of somatic embryogenesis from mature and immature tissues ofG. hirsutum L. cv Coker 312 were determined. Explants of three-day-old seedlings form somatic embryos in 100% of cultures when treated with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 0.5 mg/1 kinetin. Mature tissues are more recalcitrant than immature tissues and formed somatic embryos on a limited number of hormone treatments. Stem tissue is most readily induced to form somatic embryos by 2 mg/1 napthaleneacetic acid plus 0.1 mg/1 kinetin, whereas leaf tissue formed embryos best when treated with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 1.0 mg/1 (2-isopentyl)-adenine, or 1.0 mg/1 napthaleneacetic acid plus 0.5 mg/1 (2-isopentyl)-adenine.     

提高小麦基因枪法转化频率的研究

用基因枪法将带Ｂａｒ－ＧＵＳ双标记基因的质粒较入普通春小麦品种中－６０６３４的幼胚盾片,并获基因植株。在轰击的经预培养３－４天的３４２块幼胚片再经筛选再生的植株中,经ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析表明,     

Somatic embryogenesis in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.

Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from immature cotyledon derived callus of mungbean, V.radiata (L.) Wilczek in MS liquid medium. Embryogenic callus was induced on MS medium with NAA (5 mg/L). Differentiation of somatic embryos was observed when embryogenic callus was transferred to MS liquid medium containing 2,4-D (1.5 mg/L) and L-proline (50 mg/L). The torpedo shaped embryos were transferred to MS liquid medium with BAP and ABA (1 mg/L each) for maturation and germination. Fifty per cent of torpedo shaped embryos were converted into tiny plants (8-9 plants out of 17) after one week of culture. The germinated embryos were isolated and transferred to MS half strength basal (solid) medium for further development.     

普通小麦与鸭茅状摩擦禾的远缘杂交：Ⅱ.未成熟胚的培养

培养了由２６个小麦品种（系）用鸭茅状摩擦禾的花粉授粉１４天后获得６４５个未成熟的胚。结果表明,未成熟胚培养的植株再生频率与胚的小麦基因型的杂交亲和性无关,胚的发育程度直接影响胚培养的结果,离体时分化完全的未成熟胚在无激素的培养基上可以迅速萌发成工轩,而分化未完全的小胚在无激素的培养基上分化进程不能继续,而且在无激素补充的情况下,萌发过程一旦起动,即使将这些胚转至补加了激素的胚分化培养基上,分化过程     

ORGANOGENESIS FROM HELIANTHUS ANNUUS INBREDS AND HYBRIDS FROM THE COTYLEDONS OF ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS

Dormant mature and immature zygotic embryos of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbreds and hybrids were dissected and cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA), 0.5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), adenine sulfate, and casamino acids. For certain inbreds and hybrids, adventitious shoot formation occurred from callused cotyledonary tissue, particularly along the cut edges. The developmental stage of the zygotic embryo was critical. Eighty percent of immature H. annuus ‘Mammoth Russian’ embryos produced adventitious shoots from cotyledons, while mature embryos did not. The organogenic potential of mature cotyledons diminished as soon as one day after germination was initiated. Different forms of regeneration were observed in two inbred lines, and when these were crossed, both forms of regeneration were observed at a lower frequency from the immature embryos of the hybrid. Rooted shoots were successfully grown to maturity in a greenhouse.     

大豆主栽品种体细胞胚胎发生的影响因素及再生植株

Factors on in vitro somatic embryogenesis of soybean (three elite cultivars) were studied using cotyledons of 3.0-6.0 mm immature seed as explants. Not only the kinds, concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulatory substances but also immature embryo length and inoculum density have main effects on the approaches of embryogenesis. The results of two-factors analysis of variance experiments showed that immature embryo length, plant growth substance concentration and basic medium type have very significant effects on the frequency of embryogenic response, furthermore, interactions exist between the former two factors and are just very significant(at 1% level). The best combinations between 2,4-D concentration and cotyledon length are 10 mg/L 2,4-D & 4.0 mm immature embryos, 20-40 mg/L 2,4-D & 5.0 mm immature embryo. Under these combinations, the salt composition of E1 are very significantly better than that of MS. In conclusion, in the regeneration system established by us the frequency of somatic embryogenesis from the soybean immature cotyledons is greater than 50% and the frequency of conversion of normal (not fused) somatic embryos is about 52.9%-62.6%.     

影响早熟油桃胚轴培养及再生因素的研究

以早熟油桃华光、曙光为试验材料,对影响其胚轴再生的外源乍长调节剂浓度及组合、培养基、胚发育时期、低温处理等因素进行了研究。结果表明,胚发育时期在盛花后74d(74DAFB)更适合于做为胚轴再生的外植体。幼胚经过75d的低温处理,能够提高胚的萌发率,而且幼苗生长状态良好。胚轴能够直接再生植株。上、下胚轴无显著差异。华光油桃胚轴再生以G TDZ3．0mg／L KT1．0mg／L NAA3．0mg／L效果最好;曙光油桃胚轴再生以QL TDZ2．0mg／L NAA0．5mg／L效果最好。