富肌醇南瓜种质资源的筛选与评价

对86份南瓜品种的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定,并采用高效液相色谱技术,对各品种的肌醇含量进行了检测,从中筛选出18份富肌醇兼具不同优异农艺性状的品种。其中,甜布丁的肌醇含量高达16.44mg/g,比普通品种高约5倍。小茄克、蜜糖罐和双桃等的肌醇含量分别高达14.52mg/g、12.4mg/g和11.9mg/g,比普通品种高出3倍以上,是开展富肌醇南瓜新品种选育的优良亲本材料。     

纳米级南瓜肌醇提取物的制备及其降血糖作用研究

本文通过制备纳米级南瓜肌醇提取物(Nanoscale pumpkin inositol extract,NPIE),观察其对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病模型C57小鼠的血糖调节作用,并与普通南瓜肌醇提取物(Common pumpkin inositol extract,CPIE)的降血糖作用比较。高、低剂量CPIE组和NPIE组分别灌胃500 mg/kg、250 mg/kg的CPIE和NPIE水溶液,阳性药组灌服250 mg/kg的盐酸二甲双胍水溶液,模型对照组灌服等体积的双蒸水,实验周期均为30 d。结果显示所制备的南瓜肌醇提取物含肌醇3.12%,多糖53.21%,其中NPIE粒度平均小于500 nm;经动物实验,各给药组对正常小鼠无明显急性降糖作用,对糖尿病小鼠体重也无影响;但NPIE高剂量组对糖尿病小鼠的随机血糖和空腹血糖均具有明显降低效果,并对其糖耐量有一定改善作用,整体降糖效果较阳性药物组略弱,较CPIE强。     

松香甘油酯包膜尿素对烤烟生长和品质的影响

目的与方法:在温室栽培条件下,用盆栽试验研究了松香甘油酯包膜尿素和不同氮浓度对烟草钾、氯等品质指标的影响.结果:松香甘油酯包膜尿素的养分释放性,在第1d低于普通尿素60.1%;处理4叶片钾含量,施松香甘油酯包膜尿素比施普通尿素上部叶片高出0.01g、中部叶片高出0.02g、下部叶片高出0.03g;处理4叶片钾,氯比,施松香甘油酯包膜尿素比施普通尿素上部叶片高出0.04g、中部叶片高出0.24g、下部叶片高出1.71g.结论:两种氮肥均有助于叶片钾和氯的积累,施松香甘油酯包膜尿素比施普通尿素的叶片钾含量有所增加.     

72份青稞氨基酸组成与营养价值评价

为了解青稞氨基酸的组成及营养品质,本研究测定了72份青稞材料籽粒的17种氨基酸(色氨酸除外)含量,通过对供试青稞材料氨基酸含量进行聚类分析,并比较育成品种与地方品种的氨基酸组成差异,对青稞的氨基酸进行了营养价值评价。结果表明,青稞氨基酸总含量平均为87.454 mg/g DW,变幅为47.8~178.7 mg/g DW,其中必需氨基酸含量占37.15%,谷氨酸的含量最高且变异大,蛋氨酸含量最低,赖氨酸含量变异小,91.67%的青稞材料的第一限制性氨基酸为赖氨酸。青稞氨基酸的贴近度为0.903,与世界粮农组织(FAO)、世界卫生组织(WHO)、联合国大学(UNU)提出的模式蛋白质的必需氨基酸组成较接近,氨基酸比值系数分SRC(73.14)较高。非必需氨基酸占青稞总氨基酸含量的62.85%,其中鲜味和甜味氨基酸含量分别为26.58 mg/g DW和21.85 mg/g DW,分别占总氨基酸含量的30.04%和24.43%。不同青稞材料的氨基酸含量和营养价值有很大的差异,地方品种各氨基酸含量均高于育成品种。供试材料中有4份青稞的氨基酸营养价值及风味氨基酸含量均较高。研究结果可为优质氨基酸组成的青稞选育及青稞加工提供指导。     

不同苹果产地长富2号多酚及糖类物质含量差异分析

分别以70%丙酮、水为苹果果实多酚和糖的提取溶剂,对全国范围内9个苹果特征产地的长富2号多酚、4种糖类物质含量差异进行了分析。结果显示:不同产地的长富2号多酚和糖组分含量差异显著,多酚含量最低的为云南昭通0.093 mg/g;较高的为新疆伊犁、陕西洛川、甘肃天水,含量分别为0.146、0.140、0.130 mg/g;4种糖组分总含量较高的为新疆伊犁383.3664 mg/g、甘肃天水342.7450 mg/g、山西太谷324.6702 mg/g。此外,对不同产区的多酚进行了聚类分析及主成分分析。     

青蛤的营养成分分析与评价

测定了61、2月份青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)的营养成份,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。结果表明,6月份青蛤的营养较12月份好,其粗蛋白比12月的高出2.84%,粗脂肪含量高出1.74%;6月和12月的氨基酸总含量分别为826.3 mg/g蛋白质和804.0 mg/g蛋白质,其中必需氨基酸分别占36.1%和33.6%,氨基酸计分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)是6月的较高,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)则分别为64.23和59.88。其不饱和脂肪酸占脂质总量的67.7%,其中单烯酸占24.9%,多烯酸占42.8%,“脑黄金”DHA和EPA的含量分别达到11.3%和18.4%。还含有多种微量元素和维生素。     

蕲山药主要化学成分含量的测定

蕲山药原产于医圣李时珍故里湖北省蕲春县,在鄂东地区种植历史悠久。本文分别采用了水提取法、火焰原子吸收光谱法、半微量法等测定蕲山药及对照3种薯类作物块根的主要化学组成,结果显示:蕲山药含多糖7.4%;微量元素Fe:1.0270 mg/g,Cu:0.3020 mg/g,Ca:4.9450 mg/g,Co:0.1820 mg/g,Zn:0.3454 mg/g,Mg:1.8776 mg/g,Cu/Zn:0.875;蛋白质10.62%;淀粉22%。与对照相比,蕲山药多糖含量最低,蛋白质含量最高,高出铁棍山药2.5倍;Cu的含量高于2倍,Co的含量高于7~9倍,Fe的含量仅次于山薯,Mn的含量仅次于铁棍山药,Zn的含量较铁棍山药和怀山药低,Ca的含量最低;淀粉含量与之相当;蕲山药的水浸出物和醇浸出物含量较高,分别为11.3%和13.81%。实验数据表明,蕲山药富含Cu、Co、Fe,Cu/Zn较低,蛋白质含量和水浸出物含量较高,有较高的药用价值,为生产上开发应用提供支撑。     

野生水芹与旱芹的营养成分比较分析

为研究野生水芹的营养价值,以湖北野生水芹和旱芹为材料,对新鲜叶片和叶柄的主要营养成分进行了比较分析。结果表明:两种材料叶片和叶柄的淀粉、粗纤维和维生素B1含量的差异不明显,游离氨基酸和维生素B2含量比旱芹低,但野生水芹含有丰富的蛋白质和钙,其叶柄中可溶性糖和磷的含量分别达29.70 mg/g和0.77mg/g,分别比旱芹高57.23%和37.50%;其叶片维生素C、铁含量分别达0.19 mg/g和0.35 mg/g,比旱芹分别高137.50%和191.67%,整株黄酮类物质含量是旱芹含量的2倍。这说明野生水芹具有较高的食用价值,是一种适合作为涝渍地区保护性开发的野生蔬菜资源。     

宁夏杂草稻功能型品质性状分析

采用41份杂草稻种质材料,开展宁夏杂草稻稻米功能型品质的研究。结果表明,杂草稻的黄酮、维生素B1以及铁、锌、硒含量存在较大变异,变异系数均达13%以上;杂草稻的黄酮、维生素B1含量低于选育品种,铁、锌、硒元素含量与选育品种相似,杂草稻的维生素B2含量(0. 032 mg/100 g)总体高于地方品种(0. 026 mg/100 g)和选育品种(0. 027 mg/100 g)。通过功能型品质性状综合分析,筛选出了9份优异杂草稻资源,为改善宁夏水稻品质,拓宽宁夏水稻遗传基础奠定基础。     

三个不同省份富硒大蒜硒含量分析

目的：检测山东、黑龙江、江西三个省份富硒大蒜、普通大蒜、土壤及水源的硒含量,为当地富硒大蒜产业发展提供科学依据。方法：采集山东、黑龙江、江西三个省份富硒大蒜、普通大蒜、土壤及水源共120份,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定总硒含量。结果：山东省富硒大蒜硒含量高于普通大蒜中硒的含量;黑龙江省来信子村富硒大蒜硒含量明显高于其他4个基地;江西省5个地区富硒大蒜硒的含量可以分为两个区间：硒含量较低的区间（11.660 0～31.984 0 μg/100 g）、硒含量较高的区间（86.530 0～97.224 0 μg/100 g）。结论：山东省的富硒大蒜富硒效果好,黑龙江省宝清县来信子村富硒大蒜的富硒效果好,江西省宜春县富硒大蒜均为超富硒农产品。     

Combining antigen-based therapy with GABA treatment synergistically prolongs survival of transplanted ß-cells in diabetic NOD mice

Antigen-based therapies (ABTs) very effectively prevent the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) when given to young nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, however, they have little or no ability to reverse hyperglycemia in newly diabetic NOD mice. More importantly, ABTs have not yet demonstrated an ability to effectively preserve residual ?-cells in individuals newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Accordingly, there is great interest in identifying new treatments that can be combined with ABTs to safely protect ?-cells in diabetic animals. The activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABA-Rs) on immune cells has been shown to prevent T1D, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and rheumatoid arthritis in mouse models. Based on GABA's ability to inhibit different autoimmune diseases and its safety profile, we tested whether the combination of ABT with GABA treatment could prolong the survival of transplanted ?-cells in newly diabetic NOD mice. Newly diabetic NOD mice were untreated, or given GAD/alum (20 or 100 μg) and placed on plain drinking water, or water containing GABA (2 or 6 mg/ml). Twenty-eight days later, they received syngenic pancreas grafts and were monitored for the recurrence of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia reoccurred in the recipients given plain water, GAD monotherapy, GABA monotherapy, GAD (20 μg)+GABA (2 mg/ml), GAD (20 μg)+GABA (6 mg/ml) and GAD (100 μg)+GABA (6 mg/ml) about 1, 2-3, 3, 2-3, 3-8 and 10-11 weeks post-transplantation, respectively. Thus, combined GABA and ABT treatment had a synergistic effect in a dose-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that co-treatment with GABA (or other GABA-R agonists) may provide a new strategy to safely enhance the efficacy of other therapeutics designed to prevent or reverse T1D, as well as other T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.     

中国石竹离体快繁与试管苗玻璃化研究

研究了培养基组成成分对中国石竹品种Diana F1 White组培程序中种子萌发、诱芽增殖、试管苗玻璃化及生根等重要环节的影响。结果表明:(1)种子适宜的萌发培养基为1/2MS,在此培养基中种子萌发率为83.33%,播种后30d时无菌苗高度达6.99cm,叶片数达26.7。(2)在芽诱导阶段玻璃化苗发生率最高可达53.85%。将光照强度提高至2000lx后,采用培养基MS+6-BA3.0mg/L+NAA0.3mg/L+琼脂8.0g/L+蔗糖8.0g/L进行诱芽培养,玻璃化苗发生率降至3.33%,外植体出芽率达到90%,单个外植体出芽数达到7.2个。(3)适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+1.0mg/LIBA+琼脂8g/L+蔗糖40g/L,培养30d时生根率为100%,平均根条数达到24.7条,平均根长度达到4.7cm。试管苗在消毒后的腐殖土中移栽,成活率达95%。该研究结果为DianaF1试管苗的快速繁殖提供科学依据。     

Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.) Infecting Pumpkin Seed

This study investigated the natural occurrence of Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.) infection in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed. The mean incidence of infection was found to be 21.0%. Isolates recovered from seeds were pathogenic to pumpkin (cultivar ‘Jamaican squash’). Surface sterilization by immersion in 0.6% sodium hypochlorite for 20 min eradicated V. dahliae from infected pumpkin seeds without affecting germinability. Plating of seed components revealed that the fungus was present in the seed coat but not in the embryo or cotyledons. In a growing‐on test, 25% of 6‐week‐old plants grown from untreated seeds were infected. Germination and production of normal seedlings were unaffected by V. dahliae infection of seeds. Verticillium dahliae in pumpkin seed was found to be external and transmissible to plants. The findings of this study are important in devising disease control strategies.     

The biosynthesis and bioactivity evaluation of the cytosine-substituted mildiomycin analogue (MIL-C) for controlling powder mildew

Powdery mildew is one of the most destructive plant diseases and causes dramatic yield losses in agricultural production. Mildiomycin (MIL) is an effective nucleoside antibiotics used to against such a devastating disease. In order to further improve the bioactivity of MIL, a cytosine-substituted mildiomycin analogue (MIL-C) was biosynthesized by supplementing 0.9 g/L cytosine into the fermentation medium as the precursor. The bioactivity of MIL-C against powdery mildew disease in vivo and in vitro were examined systematically, and compared to MIL and triadimefon. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MIL-C in vitro was 78.8 mg/L, which was only half of that of MIL. Furthermore, in the greenhouse trials, the EC₉₀ value of MIL-C (52.89 mg/L) was much lower than that of either MIL (153.22 mg/L) or triadimefon (288.90 mg/L). In the field trials, the efficiency of MIL-C against powdery mildew of cucumber or pumpkin was better than that of MIL or triadimefon. Further acute toxicological and Ames tests proved that MIL-C was a potent bio-pesticide with good bio-compatibility and low toxicity, and its usage can be proposed to popularize for controlling the powdery mildew in the future.     

Optimization of aqueous-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch) and their biological activities

The pumpkin pulp contains a greater composition of edible polysaccharides and has reported with excellent biological applications. This research pertains to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from the fleshy portion of the pumpkin using aqueous assisted extraction (AAE). The result showed that the optimal extraction condition of pumpkin polysaccharide was as follows: extraction temperature at 55 °C, pH 4.5, and enzyme concentration of 4000 µ/g for 80 min. Under the optimal extraction condition, the yield of pumpkin polysaccharide via AAE (15.4) was significantly higher. The biological activities of extracted polysaccharide including α-amylase inhibition (57.41% at 1000 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (50.41% at 25 µg/mL) activity increased significantly. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of extracted pumpkin polysaccharides including IC₅₀ values of DPPH and ABTS were 59.87% and 58.74%, respectively. The pumpkin polysaccharide has maximum inhibitory effects against bacterial strains especially for Escherichia coli than that of fungal strains. It is suggested that the aqueous assisted extraction of is a cost-effective promising method to decrease the processing time as well as enhancing extracted polysaccharide yield – times.     

2型糖尿病性视网膜病变临床因素分析

目的:探讨影响2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发病的相关临床因素。方法:回顾性分析483例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料。结果:2型糖尿痛DR患病率为35%(169/483),其中非增殖型视网膜病变(NPDR)73.4%(124/169),增殖型视网膜病变(PDR)26.6% (45/169)。DR患者的病程、SBP、合并肾脏病变、合并心脏病变、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-c、BUN和Cr均显著高于NDR患者(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示病程、年龄、SBP、TC、LDL-c、合并心脏病变和/或肾脏病变是DR发病的危险因素。结论:DM病程、患病年龄、SBP、HbA1c、TC、LDL-c、合并心脏病变和/或肾脏病变、肾功能是DR发生发展的危险因素。     

Expression of orphan receptors GPR22 and GPR162 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Aims/Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by high blood glucose levels as a result of problems in the action or insulin secretion. Although there are many treatments for this pathology, it has been associated with a high mortality rate. For this reason, it is important to try to identify new pathways that could be involved in diabetic complications. Recently, a new class of receptors has been reported, called orphan receptors because the associated ligand and signaling pathways are unknown, these receptors have been associated with certain pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the expression of the orphan receptors GPR22 and GPR162 in heart, aorta, brain and kidney of diabetic rats. Materials and methods: We used Wistar male rats with 10–12 weeks of age. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60?mg/kg i.p.). After four weeks, the tissue was obtained and the expression of the mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Results: Our results showed that the orphan receptors are expressed in a different way in heart, kidney, brain and aorta of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Conclusions: We conclude that orphan receptors could be involved in the development of diabetes complications.     

Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on biomarkers of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms are important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus and other oxidant-related diseases. This study was designed to determine whether alpha-lipoic acid, which has been shown to have substantial antioxidant properties, when administered (10 mg/kg ip) once daily for 14 days to normal and diabetic female Sprague-Dawley rats would prevent diabetes-induced changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress in liver, kidney and heart. Serum glucose concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and glycated hemoglobin levels, which were increased in diabetes, were not significantly altered by alpha-lipoic acid treatment. Normal rats treated with a high dose of alpha-lipoic acid (50 mg/kg) survived but diabetic rats on similar treatment died during the course of the experiment. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was increased in livers of normal rats treated with alpha-lipoic acid, but decreased in diabetic rats after alpha-lipoic acid treatment. Hepatic catalase activity was decreased in both normal and diabetic rats after alpha-lipoic acid treatment. Concentrations of reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide in liver were increased after alpha-lipoic acid treatment of normal rats, but were not altered in diabetics. In kidney, glutathione peroxidase activity was elevated in diabetic rats, and in both normal and diabetic animals after alpha-lipoic acid treatment. Superoxide dismutase activity in heart was decreased in diabetic rats but normalized after treatment with alpha-lipoic acid; other cardiac enzyme activities were not influenced by either diabetes or antioxidant treatment. These results suggest that after 14 days of treatment with an appropriate pharmacological dose, alpha-lipoic acid may reduce oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats, perhaps by modulating the thiol status of the cells.