云南作物资源特征特性及生态地理分布研究ⅩⅢ稻抗病性资源的多样性分布研究

基于云南丰富的稻作生境和多样的稻种资源,分析了稻瘟病(苗瘟、叶瘟、稳颈痘)和白叶枯病综合抗病性及多样性在不同气候类型、各类稻区和气温中的差异表现,其主要结果有:稻抗病性多样性富聚程度与气候环境因素关系密切,其中温度对抗病性多样性影响较大;抗病性多样性指数从南亚热带→中亚热带→北亚热带→北热带→南温带→中温带→北温带运渐减小,反之增大;气候带可分为多样性富聚区(南亚热带、中亚热带、北亚热带、北热带和南温带)和多样性低富聚区(中温带和北温带),其中南亚热带是抗病性多样性最为富集的气候带;温度是影响稻抗病性多样性主要因子,18±1℃是稻抗病性多样性富集程度变化的分度点,13.1～21.0℃之间为抗病性多样性的富聚区.此外,挖掘了24份值得研究利用的优异稻抗病资源.     

云南作物资源特征特性及生态地理分布研究XⅢ稻抗病性资源的多样性分布研究

基于云南丰富的稻作生境和多样的稻种资源,分析了稻瘟病(苗瘟、叶瘟、穗颈瘟)和白叶枯病综合抗病性及多样性在不同气候类型、各类稻区和气温中的差异表现,其主要结果有:稻抗病性多样性富聚程度与气候环境因素关系密切,其中温度对抗病性多样性影响较大;抗病性多样性指数从南亚热带→中亚热带→北亚热带→北热带→南温带→中温带→北温带逐渐减小,反之增大;气候带可分为多样性富聚区(南亚热带、中亚热带、北亚热带、北热带和南温带)和多样性低富聚区(中温带和北温带),其中南亚热带是抗病性多样性最为富集的气候带;温度是影响稻抗病性多样性主要因子,18±1℃是稻抗病性多样性富集程度变化的分度点,13.1~21.0℃之间为抗病性多样性的富聚区。此外,挖掘了24份值得研究利用的优异稻抗病资源。     

云南稻种资源多样性的生态地理分布研究

采用GIS、BioDiversity等技术,基于云南丰富的气候类型、特异的民族生境和多样的稻种资源条件,分析与观察了6081份云南地方稻种资源多样性在不同气候类型和各类稻区中的表现,结果表明：①不同气候环境对稻种资源的资源量和多样性的形成有显著作用。②稻种多样性从北热带→南亚热带→中亚热带→北亚热带→南温带→中温带→北温带逐渐减小。反之增大,结合各气候带的海拔和温度变化规律看,随海拔升高、温度降低而减小,反之亦然。籼粳亚种的多样性与稻种多样性呈现同样趋势。早、中、晚稻多样性在南温带、北热带和中亚热带相对较大;水、陆稻多样性在北热带、南亚热带和北亚热带相对较大;而与饮食文化相关的粘糯、特种稻多样性富聚区主要集中在北热带地区。③根据稻种多样性在各气候带中的分布可分为：低富聚气候带（指中温带和北温带）和富聚气候带（指北热带、南亚热带、中亚热带、北亚热带和南温带）。④稻种多样性在各类稻区中呈现：水、陆稻区〉单、双季籼稻区〉一季粳、籼稻区〉一季粳稻区。     

云南保存橡胶树部分种质资源干形及分枝变异分析

对保存于"农业部景洪橡胶树种质资源圃"的1904份橡胶树81’IRRDB种质资源的主干通直度、主干分杈、侧枝分枝轮、侧枝粗细、侧枝分枝角、侧枝伸展等6个表型性状进行调查和分析。结果表明,云南保存橡胶树种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性(0.2604~1.6731),多样性指数最高的是主干通直度,达1.6731,其次是主干分杈、侧枝粗细、侧枝分枝轮和侧枝分枝角,最低的是侧枝伸展。6个表型性状的相对分布频率最小值为2.92%~8.05%,最大值为41.26%~93.37%。用UPGMA法聚类,当欧式距离为1.05时,1904份样本被聚为5组,其中最大1组包括98.42%的样本,表明同一性状在每份种质资源间具有很大程度的相似性;用Furthest Neighbor法聚类,在欧式距离为1.45时,1904份样本被聚为7组。2种聚类方法都能将每份种质明显区分出来,表明各性状变异极其丰富。     

上海地区芸薹属蔬菜遗传多样性研究

利用SSR分子标记分析和农艺性状鉴定对上海地区的17份甘蓝、44份白菜,共61份芸薹属蔬菜进行遗传多样性评价。UPGMA聚类结果显示,61份材料被聚类为两大类,甘蓝类和白菜类,其中白菜型蔬菜品种的相似系数在0．96～0．77之间,甘蓝型蔬菜品种的相似系数在0．93～0．63之间。聚类分析的结果说明,上海地区的甘蓝类蔬菜遗传多样性比较丰富,而白菜类蔬菜的遗传基础比较单一,急需保护现有的白菜型蔬菜品种的种质资源,防止遗传流失。本实验还说明通过SSR分子标记技术与农艺性状鉴定相结合,综合评价芸薹属蔬菜的遗传多样性比采用单一的方法更加准确有效。     

国内外割手密资源农艺性状表型遗传多样性分析

采用表型性状变异分析和聚类分析,对国内外不同地理来源的456份割手密资源13个性状进行评价,初步了解其遗传多样性特点,为解决种质创新与品种改良遗传基础狭窄问题提供思路。结果表明,456份割手密在株高、叶长、叶宽、锤度等多个性状都表现出了极高的遗传变异,多样性指数介于0.97～7.92之间;对嵌纹病、眼点病的抗病性及对金龟子的抗虫性变异范围广;国内外不同地理来源的割手密群间的遗传变异较大,以云南割手密群体多样性最丰富。聚类分析结果表明,国内外割手密资源聚成三大不同类群,云南独自为一大类,国外割手密被归为第二大类,其他为第三大类。各类群在植株生长特性及锤度方面具有极显著差异。     

应用RAMP分子标记研究红花资源遗传多样性

采用RAMP（Random amplified microsatellite polymorphism）对原产于42个国家的84份红花材料进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,被测材料间RAMP标记多态性较高。16个引物组合所产生的122条DNA扩增片段中,有118条具有多态性,PPB为96.7%。PIC的变化范围为0.580～0.978,平均值0.874。每个引物可扩增出4～11个DNA片段,平均获得7.6个DNA片断,其中7.4个具有多态性,遗传相似系数（GS）的变化范围0.338～0.907,平均值为0.665。基于GS的聚类结果可以将所有84份材料完全分开,并划分为6类,聚类结果与材料的地理分布有一定关系,来源于亚洲和美洲的材料多样性相对比较丰富,所有来自中国的材料被聚为一大类。据此认为,红花种质资源在分子水平上确实存在较大遗传差异,RAMP分子标记是评价红花资源遗传多样性的有效方法。     

基于公共数据库信息对中国野生香菇种质资源地理分布的再分析

本文基于野生香菇资源的文献以及公共数据库中的序列信息,调查了香菇在我国以及世界范围内的地理分布,同时利用ITS序列进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示香菇在我国的21个省市有分布,其中对云南、四川和湖北等省香菇资源的研究最为密集。不同菌株的聚类与地域来源有一定的相关性,进一步通过多样性分析显示我国野生香菇的多样性中心分布于西北和西南地区。本文有助于指导我们进行香菇野生资源的调查,进一步挖掘香菇种质资源的多样性。     

用5种同工酶分析云南芋种质资源的遗传多样性

用5种同工酶(酯酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、多酚氧化酶、细胞色素氧化酶)分析云南48份芋材料遗传多样性,并将5种同工酶的酶带检测结果进行聚类分析.结果表明:48份材料的5种同工酶的酶带数分别在11～19条之间,除超氧化物歧化酶仅有3种酶谱类型外,其余4种同工酶的酶谱数均超过检测试材的半数.将聚类结果与试材的植物学性状相比较,发现以来源、用途、生态位和叶柄、叶心颜色等能对聚类结果进行初步分类,并给予合理解释.因此从试材的植物学性状观察、野生和半野生种的存在以及蛋白质表达水平的同工酶分析结果来看,云南省的芋种质资源呈现丰富的遗传多样性.这为芋遗传变异的进一步深入研究以及对正面临巨大威胁的云南芋资源进行原生境保存的可能性提供了依据.     

云南苦荞种质资源主要性状的遗传多样性分析

为了从云南苦荞种质资源中挖掘优异种质资源,拓宽苦荞遗传基础,以48份苦荞种质资源为材料研究了6个主要农艺性状和5个品质性状的遗传多样性。结果表明,云南的苦荞资源存在着丰富的遗传多样性,6个农艺性状中株粒重的变异系数为34.4%最大,品质性状中总黄酮含量的变异系数为51.72%最大。聚类结果表明,将48份材料聚为3大类,可区分为低产型、矮秆高产型和中秆高产型。6个主要农艺性状和5个品质性状的主成分分析结果表明,前3个累计贡献率分别达84.105%和80.332%,各主成分性状载荷值反映了主要数量性状的育种选择潜力。综合分析种质资源的主要农艺性状,可为云南苦荞种质资源的利用提供有效的科学依据。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various