鄂东花马湖水生高等植物研究：Ⅰ.水生植物区系

花马湖位于北纬30°15′—30°18′、东经114°58′—115°1′,面积约27.5km~2。湖中分布82种2变种水生维管束植物,隶属于34科66属,其中资源植物众多。花马湖水生高等植物大型属少,小型属较多,单型属相对突出。区系地理成分以温带成分占优势,计34种,占全湖种类的40.48%。起源古老的成分也较多。通过与有关湖泊水生植物区系的比较,及区系成分的分析,说明花马湖水生植物区系具有从暖温带至中亚热带过渡的特点。     

广东阳春鹅凰嶂自然保护区种子植物区系研究

鹅凰嶂自然保护区位于广东省阳春市境内 (1 1 1°2 1′2 9″～ 1 1 1°3 6′0 3″E ,2 1°5 0′3 6″～ 2 1°5 8′40″N) ,为北热带地区。计有维管植物 2 1 0科 75 4属 1 5 80种 (包括亚种与变型 ) ,其中种子植物有 1 72科 681属 1 44 8种。研究分析和讨论了本区主要植被类型、种子植物区系及珍稀濒危植物 ,其种子植物区系特征是 :种类组成比较丰富 ,地理成分复杂 ,联系广泛 ,以热带成分占绝对优势 ,是典型的热带北缘区系性质 ;植被类型以山地雨林为主 ;区系起源古老 ,原始类群丰富 ;特有性比较高 ,珍稀濒危植物明显。建议对一些濒危物种采取有效的保护措施。     

安徽枞阳湿地植被及植物资源的研究

枞阳湿地地处安徽省长江干流中段北岸 ,大约北纬 30°39′～ 31°0 5′,东经 1 1 7°0 4′～1 1 7°44′。该区有 4种湿地类型 ,即湖泊湿地、长江二级河流湿地 ,江心洲及江滩湿地和库塘湿地等 ,其中湖泊湿地面积最大 ,约 2 1 3.6km2 。该湿地计有水生及湿生维管植物 1 0 1种 ,分属37科 67属。文中分析了湿地维管植物的生活型、生态习性、群丛特征及价值 ,提出了湿地资源保护和利用措施。     

黄河上游玛曲县生态环境问题与综合治理对策

1　自然地理条件概况玛曲县位于甘肃省西南部 ,10 0°4 5′4 5″～ 10 2°2 9′0 0″Ｅ ,33°0 6′30″～ 34°30′15″Ｎ ,土地总面积 1 0 19× 10 4 ｋｍ2 ,是黄河上游以藏民族聚居为主的纯牧业县。阿尼玛卿山、西倾山两大山系主脉形成的西部高山区、中南部阿尼玛卿山东南端和西倾山前山地带丘陵区及黄河沿岸河流阶地构成地形地貌格局[12 ] ,大部分区域海拔 35 0 0～ 380 0ｍ。玛曲属高原大陆性气候 ,年平均气温 1.1℃～2 .7℃ ,年平均降水量 5 0 1.6～ 6 15 .5ｍｍ ,主要集中于 5～ 9月 ,年蒸发量 10 0 0～ 15 0 0ｍｍ[5] 。年平均风速 2…     

广东新会维管植物区系的研究

新会市位于广东省中南部 ,地理位置为北纬 2 2°0 5′4 3″～ 2 2°4 8′2 4″,东经 1 1 2°4 7′0 3″～ 1 1 3°1 5′2 4″,南濒南海 .该地区共有维管植物 1 6 98种 ,隶属于 2 0 9科 81 6属 ,其中蕨类植物 32科 5 4属 82种 ,种子植物 1 78科 76 2属1 6 1 6种 .区系地理学研究表明 :蕨类植物地理成分以热带亚热带分布属居多 ,达 2 6属 ,占蕨类总属数的 4 8.1 3% ,而且是以单种属或少种属占优势 .种子植物地理成分以泛热带、热带亚洲分布占绝对优势 ,全部热带成分已达78.0 9% ;其特征科主要有 :山矾科、冬青科、壳斗科、桑科、金缕梅科、山茶科、樟科、萝摩科、大戟科、蝶形花科、野牡丹科、茜草科等 ;中国特有属杉木属、穗花杉属、石笔木属、四药门花属、马蹄参属、天星藤属、大血藤属、刚毛药花属、台闽苣苔属、酸竹属及广东特有属绣球茜草属、异枝竹属等 .与邻近的香港、惠东古田、鼎湖山和黑石顶的植物区系比较其相似性很高 ,体现出南亚热带地区植物区系成分的过渡性及热带区系的渗透性     

湖南境内珍稀,濒危水生植物产地的考察

湖南茶陵湖里沼泽（北纬26°50'、东经113°40'）为一山地沼泽,面积0．15平方公里,海拔150米。对该沼泽的生境及水生植物进行了考察。采集到维管植物62种,其中,普通野稻（Oryza rufipogon）、长喙毛莨泽泻（Ranalisma rostrata）等为珍稀、濒危植物,总种数和珍稀、濒危植物种数多于我国大部分湖泊、沼泽。物种多样性程度之高与其水生生境的复杂性与稳定性有关。建议对这些珍稀、濒危水生植物及其生境采取保护措施。     

中国叶附生苔类植物的研究(八)——湖北后河自然保护区的叶附生苔类

湖北后河国家级自然保护区发现叶附生苔类 ,共 3科 7属 7种 ,它们分布在 30°5′32″N,110°33′10″E,海拔10 0 0～ 110 0 m之间的河谷常绿阔叶林内。最常见的种为叶生针鳞苔 Rhaphidolejeunea foliicola和尖叶薄鳞苔L eptolejeunea elliptica。这是叶附生苔类在湖北省的首次发现 ,也是目前我国叶附生苔类分布最北的记录。独特的气候条件和保存完好的常绿阔叶林为它提供了良好的生境     

辽西低山丘陵区生态系统退化程度的定量确定

1　引　　言恢复和重建辽宁省西部低山丘陵区退化生态系统一直是科研、管理和生产部门共同关注的焦点 ,很多学者从立地类型划分、树种抗旱性、混交树种的选择等方面做了大量的研究[4 ,6,8,9,11] ,而从生态系统演替的角度出发却研究得不够 ,本研究旨在尝试引入数量分类方法 ,用生境退化程度来定量地刻划生态系统的退化程度 ,以期对本区无林地植被恢复以及现有油松纯林的经营改造提供理论依据 .2　研究地自然概况与研究方法2 1　自然概况辽宁省西部地区位于 118°5 0′2 0″～ 12 0°15′Ｅ ,40°2 4′2 5″～42°34′2 0″Ｎ ;地貌特点是山…     

山东植物区系的演变和来源

1　现代植物区系山东省位于我国东部、黄河下游 ,北濒渤海 ,东临黄海 ,地理范围介于北纬 34°2 3′～38°2 4′,东经 1 1 4°4 8′～ 1 2 2°4 3′之间。全省总面积为 1 5.72万 km2 ,占全国总面积的 1 .6%。属暖温带季风气候 ,沿海比较湿润 ,地带性植被主要是暖温带落叶阔叶林和松、栎类针阔叶混交林。山东省在中国植物区系的分区地位隶属于泛北极植物区、中国 -日本森林植物亚区、华北植物地区 [1 ]。据最近研究统计 ,现有野生维管植物 1 47科、61 4属 ,约 1 547种 (包括变种 ,下同 )。其中蕨类植物 2 4科 39属 1 0 5种 ,裸子植物 3科 3属 …     

历山保护区爬行类多样性及保护

历山保护区位于山西省南部 ,地处运城、晋城、临汾三个地市的垣曲、阳城、沁水、翼城四县交界处 ,地理坐标为东经 1 1 1°51′1 0″～ 1 1 2°5′3 5″,北纬3 5°1 6′3 0″～ 3 5°2 7′2 0″ ,总面积 2 4 2 0 0ｈｍ2 。本区系中低山石质山地 ,系燕山褶皱而成 ,喜马拉雅山运动中有强烈的上升和断裂发生 ,本区属暖温带季风型大陆性气候 ,复杂的地理环境 ,丰富的光热资源 ,造就了种类繁多的爬行动物。搞清本区的爬行动物资源 ,可为资源的合理开发利用、珍稀物种的保护和地方志的编撰提供基础资料。关于该区的爬行类 ,山西大学殷源洪、蒋位金…     

木论喀斯特林区翠柏群落学特征的初步研究

广西木论喀斯特林区,位于我国中亚热带南缘。据６００ｍ２翠柏群落样方调查结果：有维管束植物７６种,隶５１科６９属,其中单种的属占８９．９％。植物区系以热带分布区类型为主,占总属数（不含世界分布）的７１．０％,温带分布占２５．８％,但群落的种类组成是以亚热带成分占优势,按Ｒａｒｎｋｉａｅｒ生活型分类系统,高位芽植物占８２．９％,地面芽植物占１５．８％,一年生植物占１．３％,缺少地上芽和地下芽植物;从生理角度分析,叶级以小型叶（包括微型和鳞型叶）为主,占５９．２％;叶型以单叶占的比例最大,为８６．８％,群落结构可分为乔、灌、草三层,其中乔木层又可分出二个亚层。对该群落各乔木种群的大小结构分析,显示出翠柏群落是相对稳定性较大的群落。     

中越边境西隆山自然保护区的植物调查

西隆山是滇南最高峰 ,最高海拔 3 0 74.3m ,跨越中越两国边境线。其北坡在中国境内 ,南坡在越南境内。西隆山 2 0 0 0年被列入国家级自然保护区。西隆山已经查明的高等植物 1 79个科 ,469个属 ,781种。其中 ,国家级保护植物和珍稀濒危植物有 2 3种。在西隆山分布的植被类型有 5种 :山地雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、山地苔藓常绿阔叶林、山顶苔藓矮林和次生植被。人为活动对植物多样性的影响很大 ,该文据此对保护措施提出了建议。     

海南岛尖峰岭地区种子植物区系组成及地理成分研究

尖峰岭地区位于海南岛西南部 ,面积约 470 km2 ,有种子植物 1 83科、90 6属、2 0 87种及变种。区系组成及地理成分分析结果表明 ,本区种子植物区系有如下特征 :(1 )科属种的组成较为丰富 ,但属内种系较贫乏、分化程度弱 ;(2 )地理成分复杂 ,以热带成分、热带亚洲成分占优势 ,特有成分也相对较丰富 ,是海南岛整体区系的重要组成部分 ;(3)区系有一定邃古性 ,本质上是华夏植物区系不可分割的一部分。     

Length–weight relationship of selected elasmobranch species from north‐eastern Arabian Sea,India

Length–weight relationship (LWR) was estimated for 12 elasmobranch species; five shark species, four species of rays and three species of guitar fishes from north‐eastern Arabian Sea, India. Five major landing centres of Maharashtra were selected; Satpati (Lat. 19°43′15″N, Long. 72°42′00″E), Naigaon (Lat. 19°19′32″N, Long. 72°48′54″E), Versova (Lat. 19°08′33″N, Long. 72°48′11″E), New ferry Wharf (Lat. 18°57′29″N Long. 72°51′01″E) and Sassoon dock (Lat. 18°54′42″N, Long. 72°49′33″E). Samples were collected fortnightly during August 2016 to October 2017 from various gears; drift gill nets (Hung length 114–143 m and #100–270 mm) off Satpati coast at 35–50 m depth, dol nets (length 50–65 m and cod end # 30–69 mm) in Naigaon at 38–50 m depth and trawl (length 33–72 m and cod end # 17–32 mm) in Versova, New ferry Wharf and Sassoon dock operated at 20–50 m depth. Multiday fishing was carried out with 2–3 fishing trips in a month, each trip with duration of 7–13 days. Soaking time of gill net and dol net varied from 4 to 8 hr while each trawl haul lasted for 3–4 hr. Length–weight/Disc‐width‐weight relationship showed good fit with r² values varying from 0.818 to 0.999. In addition to information on LWR, new maximum size for three species of elasmobranchs is reported in this paper.     

Phytoplankton as a monitoring tool in a tropical urban shallow reservoir (Garças Pond): the assemblage index application

This study aimed at evaluating phytoplankton as a monitoring tool for water quality assessment in an urban shallow eutrophic reservoir considering temporal and vertical scales. Garças Reservoir is located in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga Biological Reserve (23°38′08″S and 23°40′18″S; 46°36′48″W and 46°38′00″W) that lies in the southeastern part of the Municipality of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Samplings were carried out monthly during 8 consecutive years (1997–2004) following the water column vertical profile (5 depths: subsurface, 1, 2, 3 m and ~20 cm from the bottom). Abiotic variables analyzed were: water temperature, electric conductivity, DO, pH, total alkalinity, free CO₂, dissolved inorganic carbon, N series, P series and SiO₄H₄. Biological variables studied were: total density, total biomass and chlorophyll a, which were integrated arithmetically. At the beginning of the 8 year series, Garças Reservoir was an eutrophic ecosystem with 20% of its surface covered by Eichhornia crassipes (phase I: January 1997–March 1998). Water hyacinth reached 70% of pond surface coverage (phase II: April 1998–August 1999), and then it was mechanically removed (phase III: September 1999–December 2004). After this intervention, drastic alteration in the limnological features was detected, leading to the conclusion that removal of the aquatic macrophyte modified nutrient dynamics drastically reduced water transparency and led to photosynthetic productivity and phytoplankton biomass increase, the latter becoming a physical barrier to light penetration. Twenty one functional groups ‘sensu’ Reynolds were identified. Cyanobacteria contribution played the main role during the drastic alterations that occurred after water hyacinth removal. Results of ecological status of reservoir using Q index showed statistical difference among the 3 limnological phases (one way ANOVA; F = 119.4; P = 0.000). Regarding Q index classification, Garças Reservoir limnological phases were characterized as follows: (1) phase I: 0 ≥ Q ≤ 2.9, medium to bad; (2) phase II: 1.4 ≥ Q ≤ 3, tolerable to medium; and (3) phase III: 0 ≥ Q ≤ 1.5, bad to tolerable ecological states.     

Topological persistency found in aggregations of coastal sea skater,Halobates japonicus Esaki, 1924 (Hemiptera: Gerridae), based on genetic relationships amongst three aggregations in Ishigaki Island,Japan

Sea skaters, genus Halobates Eschscholtz, 1822, are the only marine insects living in mangrove beds and the tide pools of coral reefs, both of which provide dramatically variable habitats daily by virtue of tide-driven changes in surface level. Females of H. japonicus Esaki, 1924 were collected from three distinct aggregations in a single bay (24°27′5″N, 124°8′40″E) on 1–5 November 2006. Two aggregations were formed in respective tide pools of the coral reef and one was formed in the mangrove beds. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used to detect the persistency of each aggregation at a mesoscale. The results suggested that H. japonicus repeatedly immigrated from outside the bay to establish a meta-population of several deme groups. Aggregations along the coastline had some persistency to the line itself and had little tendency to cross to the opposite shore, even when the distance was short.     

Length‐weight relationships of six fish species from São Marcos Bay,Northeastern Brazil

Length‐weight relationship parameters were calculated for six fish species from São Marcos Bay, in Northeast Brazil (the segment between 02°35′55″S and 44°20′58″W; 02°34′53″S and 44°21′48″W; 02º42′25″S and 44º26′46″W). The specimens were caught quarterly from April 2010 to February 2013, using monofilament gillnets (2, 4 and 6 cm between knots) from 100 m to 3,000 m long and 4 m to 6 m high. The present study covers a much wider size range for four species and adds new information for the maximum length of Notarius bonillai.     

广东石门台自然保护区的藓类植物区系研究

石门台自然保护区位于广东省中北部,面积82260hm2,是全省面积最大的自然保护区。根据过去三年的调查研究,石门台保护区共有藓类植物33科92属176种1亚种5变种。在石门台藓类中,种数较多的科主要有曲尾藓科、灰藓科和凤尾藓科等;种数较多的属主要有凤尾藓属、曲柄藓属和白发藓属等。石门台藓类植物的区系地理成分可划分为12类,其中以东亚成分(25.47%)和热带亚洲成分(17.39%)为主。另外,将石门台与8个邻近地区的藓类植物区系进行比较,与石门台藓类区系最相近的是鼎湖山,最疏远的是神农架。石门台的藓类植物区系被定性为南亚热带性质,但同时东亚和热带亚洲因素也有较大的影响。     

Length–weight relationships for Eutropiichthys murius (Hamilton, 1822), Coilia reynaldi Valenciennes, 1848 and Johnius gangeticus Talwar, 1991 from lower stretch of the River Ganga,India

Length‐weight relationships (LWRs) for three fish species from the River Ganga (India) is presented. Sampling was conducted from the lower stretch of the River Ganga (Patna: 25°36′51.66″N & 85°12′7.02″E to Freserganj: 21°35′40.58″N & 88°15′28.92″E) during April, June and September and December of 2017. Specimens were caught using gill nets (18 nos.; mesh 18–32 mm), and bag nets (3 nos.; mesh 14–22 mm). The values a and b from LWRs ‐were found to be 0.007 and 2.977 for Eutropiichthys murius; 0.003 and 3.001 for Coilia reynaldi; 0.009 and 3.010 for Johnius gangeticus.