犹惊螨属在中国的首次发现及尾足犹惊螨雄螨的描述：蜱螨亚纲：革螨股： …

报道犹惊螨属ＥｖｉｍｉｒｕｓＫａｒｇ,１９６３在中国的发现,并描述尾足犹惊螨Ｅｖｉｍｉｒｕｓｕｒｏｐｏｌｉｄｉｎｕｓ（Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ,１９０３）的雄螨。     

青海省犹伊螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲:犹伊螨科)

记述从青海省同德县巴水乡虫虫体受到的犹伊螨属一新种,定名为同德犹伊螨Ｅｖｕｐｈｉｓ ｔｏｎｇｄｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉ,Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种与喜马拉雅犹伊螨Ｅ．ｈｉｍａｌａｙａｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍａ ｅｔ Ｐｕ,１９８１近似,但根据腹板前中部尖刺状骨化脊及背板具３对小刺可与后者相区别。模式标本保存在青海省地方病防治研究所。     

辽宁犹伊螨属一新种：（蜱螨亚纲：犹伊螨科）

本文对独角仙体上的犹伊螨新种——大连犹伊螨Eviphis dalianensis sp.nov.进行了描述,该种与淮南犹伊螨Eviphis huainanensis Wen,1965近似。模式标本采自辽宁大连市,保存于辽宁省卫生防疫站虫媒消杀科。     

犹伊螨亚科二新种(蜱螨亚纲:犹伊螨科)

本文记述了犹伊螨亚科二新种:陕西犹伊螨Eviphis shaanxiensis sp.nov.与中华异伊螨Allphis sinicus sp.nov., 前者采自陕西宁陕县的中华鼢鼠体上,后者采自宁夏中卫、同心、海源三县的蜉金龟体上。     

中国犹伊螨属一新种及一新纪录（蜱螨亚纲：犹伊螨科）

本文记术二种采自云南省的犹伊螨：刀形犹伊螨Ｅｖｉｐｈｉｓｃｕｌｔｒａｔｅｌｌｕｓ（Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ,１９１０）系国内新纪录种,另一为新种尖犹伊螨Ｅｖｉｐｈｉｓａｃｕｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。标本采自海与元山县的螂体上,存于南京大学医学院寄生虫学教研室,文末附有犹伊螨属我国已知１１种的检索表。     

四川省犹伊螨属三新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：犹伊螨科）

本文的三新种为若尔盖犹伊螨Eviphis ruoergaiensis sp.nov.,南充犹伊螨E.nanchongensis sp.nov.,王朗犹伊螨E.wanglangensis sp.nov.。     

峨眉犹伊新种(蜱螨亚纲:犹伊螨科)

本文系周曼殊等发现四川省犹伊螨属三新种之后的又一新种描述。模式标本存于四川省卫生防疫站。     

青海犹伊螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：犹伊螨科）

本文绘图描述了根田鼠犹伊螨新种Eviphis oeconomus sp.nov.,并讨论了与喜马拉雅犹伊螨E.himalayaensis Ma et Piao,1981的鉴别特征。模式标本采自青海久治县的根田鼠Microtus oeconmus Pallas体上,存放在青海省地方病防治研究所。     

犹棒螨属一新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科）

本文记述恙螨亚科,犹棒螨属,祁连犹棒恙螨,新种,采自青海省祁连县。模式标本保存在青海省地方病防治研究所。     

隐颚犹伊螨新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：犹伊螨科）

本文记述隐颚犹伊螨,新种Eviphis cryptognathus sp.nov.,并讨论了与镰腹犹伊螭E.drepanogaster Berlese,1884的鉴别特征。模式标本采自宁夏自治区中宁县与同心县的台风蜣螂Scarabaeus typhon Fischer体上,存放在宁夏自治区地方病防治所与贵阳医学院。     

IN SEARCH OF HOMOPLASTIC TENDENCIES: STATISTICAL INFERENCE OF TOPOLOGICAL PATTERNS IN HOMOPLASY

The “tendency” for homoplasy to appear in closely related taxa has been widely discussed but rarely quantified. This paper proposes statistical tests that examine the topological distribution of homoplasy within characters in phylogenies. They test whether character changes are localized (confined to some subtree), or clustered (occur in proximity to each other), relative to two null models of character evolution. Null Model I assumes that the observed number of character changes are dispersed randomly among the internodes of the tree, whereas Model II weights the probability that an internode contains a change by the length of that internode—estimated by the total number of character changes along that internode. Localization is measured by the largest furthest-neighbor distance between changes, clustering by the mean nearest neighbor distance. Distances are measured either by the number of intervening branches or the number of intervening character changes. Analyses of four cladistic data sets from the literature reveal very few characters that exhibit significant levels of clustering or localization—no more than would be expected by chance. In every data set a majority of characters exhibited at least weak tendencies, but in only one data set was there a significant excess of such characters. The present findings do not provide compelling evidence for the existence of “tendencies” in homoplasy, at least among characters used to reconstruct phylogenies. They should be sought elsewhere, in cladistic analyses of larger scope, probably among a class of characters defined a priori on a structural or functional basis.     

七星瓢虫卵黄原蛋白基因的表达mRNA的体外转译

七星瓢虫成熟雌虫脂肪体总RNA和poly(A)~+RNA中可转译mRNA的水平约为雄虫和不成熟雌虫的两倍,其中所含的卵黄原蛋白mRNA可在体外转译系统中指导卵黄原蛋白多肽的合成。 雌虫取食人工饲料时,其脂肪体RNA中可转译mRNA的水平很低,不能指导卵黄原蛋白多肽的合成。保幼激素类似物能诱导可转译卵黄原蛋白mRNA的出现。     

CHANGES IN ACTIVITY OF SHIKIMATE : NADP OXIDOREDUCTASE IN RELATION TO LIGNIFICATION OF BAMBOO

Shikimate : NADP oxidoreductase (5-dehydroshikimate reductase;EC 1.1.1.25 [EC] ) was extracted from immature bamboo and partiallypurified. The optimal pH of the enzyme was found to be 11.0.The enzyme was demonstrated to be NADP specific. Michaelis constants (Km) for NADP and shikimic acid as substratewere found to be 1.4 10^–4M and 2.0 10^–4M, respectively,at pH 8.0. No metal requirement could be demonstrated sincelittle change in enzyme activity was observed on addition ofethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). On the other hand,the enzyme was potently inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoicacid (PCMB). 5-Dehydroshikimate reductase was demonstrated to be widely distributedin woody plants such as bamboo, udo (Aralia cordata), asparagus(Asparagus officinalis) and tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)as well as other higher plants. Shikimic acid content was comparatively low at the top, butafter reaching maximal content in the part just below the top,it began to decrease toward lower parts of bamboo. The enzymeactivity at the top was the highest and seemed to decrease towardthe tissues of lower parts. However the fact that the activitywas still maintained at a certain level even in the aged tissuessuggests that 5-dehydroshikimate reductase might play a significantrole for biosynthesis of lignin. (Received September 5, 1966; )     

ConA的抗着床效应

本文用凝集素为探针,探索糖复合物在胚泡着床中的作用,报道了与甘露糖苷有专一结合的伴刀豆凝集素(ConA)有明显的抗小鼠胚泡着床作用。妊娠4d的小鼠,每只子宫角中注入Con A 25μg,22只子宫角中只有4只子宫角有胚泡着床,着床率为18.2％,与生理盐水对照组的着床率87.5％相比有明显差异。将相同剂量的Con A先与0.4mol/L α-甲基-D-甘露糖苷温育1—2h后再注入子宫,20只子宫角中有15只子宫角有胚泡着床,着床率提高到75％。用辣根过氧化物酶直接标记法证明,着床前子宫内膜细胞表面有Con A受体存在,并随着妊娠天数而增加,尤其是间质细胞,发情期时时为阴性反应,到着床期蜕膜细胞膜表面呈现出大量Con A受体。提示精复合物在着床中的重要作用。与甘露糖苷同样专一结合的,但寡糖结构专一性与Con A不同的豌豆凝集素注入子宫则无抗着床效应,着床率为85.7％。由此可以推测,N-连接的包含二个未被取代的或只在C-2位被取代的α-甘露糖苷的寡糖参于胚泡与子宫内膜相互作用的着床过程。     

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN SOCIAL INSECTS: MALE PRODUCTION IN TWO SPECIES OF POLISTES

In social insects, reproduction is often monopolized by queens even though in many species are workers capable of laying male eggs. Because it is difficult to see how one or a few queens can suppress the much more numerous workers, collective worker control, or policing, offers an attractive solution. When workers are less related to other workers than they are to queens, workers should be selected to suppress each other in favor of the queen's male offspring, if other things are equal. Otherwise, they should allow each other to lay male eggs. For two species of Polistes, we used DNA microsatellites to estimate these two relatednesses, to determine the sex of brood, and to determine whether male brood was produced by queens or workers. Workers were significantly more related to each other (0.63 and 0.73 for P. bellicosus and P. dorsalis, respectively) than they were to queens (0.40 and 0.54, respectively) so they were predicted to allow each other to lay the male eggs. However, workers did not lay male-destined eggs in either species, so the results do not support collective worker control. There are two possible explanations for this result. Queens may be able to physically dominate in these small colonies. Alternatively, this may be a conventional settlement that minimizes conflict and the attendant costs.     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF ABSCISSION IN PHASEOLUS: LOCALIZATION OF PEROXIDASE

Segments of leaf abscission zone tissue of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney were fixed in glutaraldehyde, incubated to demonstrate peroxidase activity in medium containing 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Electron microscopic observation of treated tissue revealed pronounced deposition of highly electron-opaque material in the form of granules or globules in cell walls, on mitochondrial membranes, associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and along the plasmalemma and tonoplast. This distribution pattern was typical of both non-treated and ethephon-treated tissue. Ethephon-treated material also contained these granules within cytoplasmic vacuoles. It is suggested that pH of the incubation medium may affect localization sites and that exposure of tissue to light during incubation may modify localization patterns. Differing patterns of distribution of the reaction product in treated and non-treated tissue may reflect changes in membrane permeability and microfibrillar modifications related to ethephon treatment.     

FLOW IN VIVO OF GLUCOSE CARBON TO BRAIN PROTEIN IN RATS: EFFECT OF STARVATION

—The conversion of plasma glucose into brain proteins in vivo was measured in rats after various periods of food deprivation. Rates of flow of glucose carbon into both soluble and insoluble brain proteins were calculated from the curve representing the decrease of plasma [¹⁴C]-glucose specific activity with time, and from the specific activity of brain protein 180 min after intravenous injection of a tracer dose of d -[¹⁴C]-glucose. Compared to the post-absorptive rats, food deprivation for 72 h caused a 30 per cent reduction in the rate of flow of glucose carbon into soluble brain proteins but did not affect the flow into insoluble proteins. Results of experiments in which the soluble brain proteins were separated by isoelectric focusing suggest that prolonged fasting in adult rats causes substantial differences in the conversion of glucose to different proteins.