CD19蛋白截短体慢病毒表达载体的构建及其在K562细胞中的表达

目的:构建胞内段缺失的CD19蛋白截短体(CD19t)慢病毒表达载体pLVX-EF1α-CD19t-IRES-Puro,并建立稳定表达CD19t的人红白血病细胞系K562/CD19t。方法:合成CD19t基因全长,酶切产物插入慢病毒载体pLVXEF1α-IRES-Puro,将重组质粒转染293FT细胞包装病毒后感染人红白血病细胞系K562,采用Western印迹和免疫荧光技术检测CD19t在K562细胞中的表达,并通过ELISA检测K562/CD19t与CD19 CAR-Jurkat共培养上清中的IL-2浓度。结果:酶切鉴定与测序结果表明成功构建慢病毒表达载体p LVX-EF1α-CD19t-IRES-Puro;Western印迹和免疫荧光检测到K562/CD19t细胞中CD19t的表达;ELISA结果显示表达的CD19t能够刺激识别CD19的CAR-Jurkat细胞分泌IL-2。结论:构建了CD19蛋白截短体慢病毒表达载体,并在K562细胞中表达,有助于进一步构建B细胞白血病动物模型和验证CAR-T效能。     

大鼠过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体γ基因慢病毒表达 载体的构建与鉴定

目的:构建大鼠过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体γ(peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorgamma)基因慢病毒表达载体,获得可供转染的滴度,为进一步研究该基因在肝星状细胞活化(Hepaticstellatecells,HSC)及肝纤维化中的作用机制提供物质基础。方法:大鼠PPAR-γ基因序列进行PCR扩增,与经AgeI酶切后的pGC-FU-3FLAG载体连接产生慢病毒载体表达质粒pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG,转化DH5α,PCR筛选阳性克隆,测序并转入293T细胞Western blot鉴定,而后将pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG,pHelper 1.0,pHelper 2.0三质粒共转染293T细胞,包装成慢病毒,收集上清浓缩病毒测定病毒滴度。结果:DNA测序及Westernblot鉴定证实构建的大鼠PPAR-γ基因慢病毒表达载体pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG正确,浓缩慢病毒悬液的滴度为2×108TU/ml。结论:成功构建携带大鼠PPAR-γ基因的重组慢病毒表达载体。     

OTX1基因慢病毒载体的构建及过表达研究

OTX1基因是神经发育调控中关键转录因子之一。本实验构建表达OTX1基因慢病毒载体,探讨慢病毒介导OTX1基因体外过表达的可行性。将OTX1基因克隆到慢病毒穿梭质粒DUET101内,构建表达OTX1以及GFP－OTX1基因的慢病毒载体;将pDUET－OTX1、pDUET－GFP－OTX1及pDUET101（空载体对照）质粒分别与慢病毒包装质粒pCMV R8.91、pMD.G共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞,获得携带OTX1基因、GFP－OTX1基因的重组慢病毒DUET－OTX1、DUET－GFP－OTX1以及仅携带GFP基因的DUET－GFP;用重组慢病毒分别转导293T细胞、SY5Y细胞、小鼠胚胎干细胞及大鼠胚胎15天皮层神经干细胞,证实慢病毒载体能够将外源基因转导入不同细胞,且转导的OTX1或GFP－OTX1在不同细胞中均仅在细胞核内表达;培养OTX1单克隆抗体细胞,浓缩抗体上清,通过Western Blot以及细胞免疫荧光法证实慢病毒介导的OTX1基因及GFP－OTX1基因转导入293T细胞后的过表达。本实验证实慢病毒载体是高效的基因转移载体;OTX1作为发育过程中至关重要的转录因子,经过重组慢病毒体外转导后均只在细胞核内表达。     

慢病毒介导CD36基因沉默细胞株的构建及其对caveolin-1蛋白表达的影响

CD36作为重要的清道夫受体密切参与了巨噬细胞对氧化低密度脂蛋白的摄取作用,为了进一步研究CD36的功能,本文利用慢病毒介导的shRNA干扰技术,构建了CD36基因沉默巨噬细胞(J774A.1)株,并以此为模型分析了CD36在caveolin-1蛋白表达过程中的作用。首先,针对CD36基因序列设计合成5条shRNA片段,并构建得到pLKO.1-CD36-shRNA慢病毒干扰载体,测序鉴定后与psiCHECK-Ⅱ-CD36载体共转染入293T细胞中,筛选出有效的CD36-shRNA。将慢病毒干扰载体与病毒包装质粒共转染入293T细胞,包装得到慢病毒颗粒,之后感染J774A.1细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选后得到CD36基因沉默稳转细胞株。Western blotting及激光共聚焦检测结果表明CD36基因沉默效率达90%,并且伴随着CD36的基因沉默,与之结合的DiI-oxLDL也随之大幅降低,证明构建成功具有良好生物学活性的CD36基因沉默细胞株。最后,抑制剂处理及oxLDL给药刺激实验结果表明,CD36的基因沉默能够显著降低JNK及ERK的磷酸化水平,进而抑制了caveolin-1的蛋白表达,表明CD36能够经由JNK及EKR信号传导调节caveolin-1的蛋白表达。     

MIR-122 慢病毒表达载体构建及稳定转染HepG2 细胞系

目的:构建人mir-122慢病毒表达载体,感染肝癌细胞HepG2,建立稳定表达mir-122的HepG2细胞系。方法:以人has-mir-122成熟序列,设计并合成引物,采用PCR的方法扩增目的基因,并连接到慢病毒表达质粒pGCSIL-GFP(含绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因)中。对重组质粒进行双酶切鉴定后,进行mir-122基因慢病毒(pGCSIL-GFP-miR-122)的包装及病毒滴度测定,用构建好的慢病毒表达载体感染HepG2细胞,qPCR检测感染后细胞中MIR-122的变化。通过流式细胞仪检测荧光蛋白GFP,westernblot检测mir-122靶分子CAT-1,验证pGCSIL-GFP-miR-122在HepG2细胞中的表达效果。结果:pGCSIL-GFP-miR-122经双酶切分析及测序,插入序列正确。qPCR检测显示转入病毒后mir-122在细胞中的表达显著提高。表明mir-122慢病毒表达载体构建成功。流式细胞仪根据GFP荧光筛选纯化感染后细胞,感染率达90%以上。Western blot显示mir-122明显抑制其靶分子表达。进一步验证pGCSIL-GFP-miR-122在细胞中的稳定表达。结论:成功构建mir-122慢病毒表达载体,并建立稳定表达的细胞系,为研究mir-122在人体所起的作用及功能机制打下基础。     

MIR-122 慢病毒表达载体构建及稳定转染HepG2 细胞系

目的:构建人mir-122慢病毒表达载体,感染肝癌细胞HepG2,建立稳定表达mir-122的HepG2细胞系。方法:以人has-mir-122成熟序列,设计并合成引物,采用PCR的方法扩增目的基因,并连接到慢病毒表达质粒pGCSIL-GFP(含绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因)中。对重组质粒进行双酶切鉴定后,进行mir-122基因慢病毒(pGCSIL-GFP-miR-122)的包装及病毒滴度测定,用构建好的慢病毒表达载体感染HepG2细胞,qPCR检测感染后细胞中MIR-122的变化。通过流式细胞仪检测荧光蛋白GFP,westernblot检测mir-122靶分子CAT-1,验证pGCSIL-GFP-miR-122在HepG2细胞中的表达效果。结果:pGCSIL-GFP-miR-122经双酶切分析及测序,插入序列正确。qPCR检测显示转入病毒后mir-122在细胞中的表达显著提高。表明mir-122慢病毒表达载体构建成功。流式细胞仪根据GFP荧光筛选纯化感染后细胞,感染率达90%以上。Western blot显示mir-122明显抑制其靶分子表达。进一步验证pGCSIL-GFP-miR-122在细胞中的稳定表达。结论:成功构建mir-122慢病毒表达载体,并建立稳定表达的细胞系,为研究mir-122在人体所起的作用及功能机制打下基础。     

大鼠过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体γ基因慢病毒表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建大鼠过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体γ（peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorgamma）基因慢病毒表达载体,获得可供转染的滴度,为进一步研究该基因在肝星状细胞活化（Hepaticstellatecells,HSC）及肝纤维化中的作用机制提供物质基础。方法：大鼠PPAR-γ基因序列进行PCR扩增,与经AgeI酶切后的pGC-FU-3FLAG载体连接产生慢病毒载体表达质粒pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG,转化DH5α,PCR筛选阳性克隆,测序并转入293T细胞Western blot鉴定,而后将pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG,pHelper 1.0,pHelper 2.0三质粒共转染293T细胞,包装成慢病毒,收集上清浓缩病毒测定病毒滴度。结果：DNA测序及Westernblot鉴定证实构建的大鼠PPAR-γ基因慢病毒表达载体pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG正确,浓缩慢病毒悬液的滴度为2×108TU/ml。结论：成功构建携带大鼠PPAR-γ基因的重组慢病毒表达载体。     

小鼠白细胞介素IL-35基因慢病毒表达载体的构建及鉴定

[目的]构建小鼠白细胞介素IL-35基因慢病毒表达载体并鉴定。[方法]通过PCR法扩增出小鼠IL-35基因片段,将其与经XhoⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切的慢病毒载体pLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1连接,构建慢病毒重组质粒pLVX-IL-35-IRES-ZsGreen1。用无内毒素试剂盒提取重组质粒后,将其与病毒包装所需的3个辅助质粒共转染到人肾胚(HEK)293T细胞中包装能表达IL-35的慢病毒颗粒。该病毒培养上清经浓缩后,梯度稀释法检测其滴度。用浓缩后的病毒感染HEK293T细胞,然后通过荧光显微镜观察荧光蛋白的表达并结合RT-PCR法检测IL-35基因在该细胞中的表达。[结果]IL-35慢病毒表达载体构建成功,包装的慢病毒滴度为1×109TU/m L,通过荧光显微镜和RTPCR检测发现IL-35在HEK293T细胞中表达。[结论]成功构建IL-35慢病毒表达载体且IL-35蛋白能在HEK293T细胞中过表达。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.