地高辛标记的黄鳝F64基因cRNA探针的制备及其应用

以黄鳝F64基因序列为模板设计引物,扩增用于c RNA探针合成的模板,构建F64/p GM-T重组质粒并线性化,利用RNA聚合酶体外转录合成正、反义c RNA探针,并对其进行地高辛标记,利用原位杂交方法检测F64基因在黄鳝性腺发育过程中的表达变化情况。结果显示,正义探针未检测到阳性信号,反义探针检测到该基因在黄鳝性腺发育早期不表达,于V期性腺开始表达。研究结果表明,体外转录法可以有效合成c RNA探针,制备的c RNA探针可以准确检测F64基因的时空表达。     

整体原位杂交检测ERα基因在小鼠胚胎发育中的表达

为制备地高辛标记的小鼠雌激素受体a(ERa)RNA探针,用其研究ERa在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达.通过RT-PCR,获得ERa基因片段,构建ERa/pGEM-3Z重组质粒,分别用Hind Ⅲ和EcpRI进行酶切得到线性化DNA片段,以17和sp6聚合酶合成地高辛标记的正反义RNA探针,然后通过胚胎整体原位杂交技术分析ERa在小鼠胚胎中的表达.结果构建了ERa/pGEM-3Z质粒,获得高效价的正反义digERaRNA探针.运用该探针检测到ERa在10.5 dpc胚胎的前脑、脊神经管、生殖嵴、肢芽及颌弓中表达,在13.5 dpc胚胎的端脑、中脑、脊髓、肢芽及生殖系统中表达,为进一步研究ERa在小鼠胚胎发育中的功能打下了基础.     

小鼠ERb 基因片段的克隆及其在胚胎发育中的表达

为探讨ERb在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达, 首先设计ERb引物并扩增ERb基因片段, 构建ERb/pGEM-3Z重组质粒进行克隆, 分别用EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ进行酶切得到线性化DNA片段, 以Sp6和T7聚合酶合成地高辛标记的(dig )正、反义RNA探针。然后通过胚胎整体原位杂交技术分析ERb 在小鼠胚胎中的表达。运用该探针检测到ERb 基因在10.5 dpc胚胎的脑、脊神经管、生殖脊、心包、肢芽及颌弓部位表达, 在13.5 dpc胚胎的端脑、中脑、延髓、脊髓、肢芽中表达。推测ERb基因可能在小鼠胚胎性别分化过程中起调节作用; 可能在小鼠胚胎神经管的早期区域化过程中起作用并在3个原始脑泡进一步分化及脊髓的分化过程中起作用; 可能在小鼠胚胎肢芽中的骨与软骨的形成与分化中起调控作用; 可能在小鼠胚胎心脏发育过程中起作用, 可能在小鼠胚胎颌弓的表面分化过程中起调控作用。     

银松素合酶基因地高辛标记RNA探针的合成

目的:体外转录合成银松素合酶(PS)基因地高辛标记反义RNA探针。方法:通过双酶切把PScDNA全长序列接到pBlueskriptⅡKS( )的多克隆位点上;同时,经由NCBI比对确定PScDNA的特异序列,设计含有SalⅠ和XbaⅠ这2个酶切位点的上、下游引物,用PCR法扩增含有该位点的目的片段,并连接到pBlueskriptⅡKS( )的多克隆位点上;最后利用pBlueskriptⅡKS( )上的启动子T7,用T7RNA聚合酶在体外转录合成地高辛标记PS全长及特异序列的反义RNA探针。结果:通过对构建探针的单、双酶切,PCR及电泳鉴定,表明成功合成了PS基因地高辛标记的全长及特异序列的反义RNA探针。结论:RNA探针的合成为后续马尾松PS基因表达的RNA原位杂交研究打下了基础。     

Cdk2ap1在不同性别鸡胚中的表达

为研究通过抑制消减杂交筛选出的cdk2ap1基因在鸡胚胎发育过程中的表达, 设计cdk2ap1引物并通过 RT-PCR扩增cdk2ap1基因片段, 构建cdk2ap1/pGEM-T重组质粒。以构建的重组质粒为模板, 使用Sp6和T7 RNA聚合酶合成地高辛(dig )标记的正、反义RNA探针, 借助胚胎整体原位杂交技术研究了cdk2ap1在雌雄鸡胚中的表达。结果表明cdk2ap1基因在4.0 d两性胚胎的脑间质、菱脑、听囊、脊神经管、前肢等部位均有表达, 且在雄性鸡胚中的表达量高于雌性; 在雄性鸡胚的生殖脊、后肢部位中该基因有表达但在雌性胚胎对应部位却基本没有表达。鉴于该基因在雌雄鸡胚中的差异表达, 推测cdk2ap1基因在鸡胚性别分化及性腺发育过程中起一定调节作用。     

RNA原位杂交技术的一些应用技巧

目的:检测基因在动物组织或细胞中的时空表达模式。方法:转录反义RNA探针;利用RNA原位杂交技术检测人和小鼠牙原基中若干基因的表达。结果与结论:通过优化条件,转录出完整的反义RNA探针,并成功地利用RNA原位杂交技术在组织中检测到基因的表达;分析了一些在RNA原位杂交的过程中可能碰到的问题及其解决方法。     

Sema4d基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达

目的:研究sema(semaphorin)4d基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达.方法:提取斑马鱼胚胎的总RNA,制备地高辛标记的sema4d RNA反义探针,WISH(整胚胎原位杂交)研究sema4d在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达.结果:成功合成sema4d基因探针,获得sema4d基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达情况:sema4d在0.75 hpf(hours post fertilization)、1.0 hpf、1.5 hpf、12 hpf前普遍性表达;17 hpf开始至24 hpf在头部表达较多,在脊髓、肌肉、中间细胞群ICM(intermediate cell mass)区处有特异性表达区处有特异性表达;48 hpf在头部和躯干肌肉持续表达.结论:Sema4d在早期参与了造血的发生,在脑部,脊髓,肌肉的发育中可能起到了重要作用.     

FLT4 基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达

目的:研究FLT4(VEGFR3)基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达。方法:提取斑马鱼胚胎的总RNA,制备地高辛标记的FLT4RNA反义探针,WISH(整胚胎原位杂交)研究FLT4在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达。结果:成功合成FLT4基因探针,获得FLT4基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达情况:FlT4在2-cell、32-cell、oblong、shield期前普遍性表达(0.75h、1.7h、3.7h、6h);24h在头部表达较多,特别是在ICM(intermediate cell mass,中间细胞群)区处有特异性表达;48h、72h在头部表达均较高表达。结论:FLT4在早期参与了血管的形成和造血的发生,在脑部和肾小管的发育中可能起到了重要作用。     

微小染色体维系蛋白3基因在斑马鱼早期胚胎发育过程中的表达

目的:制备地高辛标记的微小染色体维系蛋白3(MCM3)基因的RNA探针,研究MCM3在斑马鱼早期发育中的时空表达。方法:收集并固定受精后24 h时期的野生型斑马鱼胚胎,提取总RNA,制备DIG标记的MCM3 RNA反义探针,整胚原位杂交,研究MCM3在斑马鱼胚胎早期发育过程的表达。结果:斑马鱼的MCM3氨基酸序列与小鼠、人具有高度同源性,通过不同时期胚胎的原位杂交,发现MCM3在早期发育过程中普遍性表达,胚胎受精后0~2 hMCM3在增殖性区域泛表达,受精后14~22 h在中枢神经系统、发育未成熟的眼部、体节及增殖性区域表达,受精后24 h在血液、中枢神经、翼板中脑、视觉盖及增殖性区域表达,受精后48 h在头部及肛门增殖性区域表达。结论:明确了MCM3在斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中的表达模式,证明其与早期斑马鱼发育细胞增殖密切相关,为研究该基因功能提供了一定的理论基础。     

多药耐药基因Mdr1 RNA探针的构建及初步临床应用

检测Mdrl基因表达水平可预测白血病化疗效果,用原位杂交的方法可检测Mdrl在单个细胞的表达水平。本文用Rt-PCR的方法获得了一段特异的cDNA片段,将其克隆到PGEM4Z载体中,经DNA序列分析证明与文献报道一致,采用地高辛素（DIG）RNA标记试剂盒制备反义RNA探针,已初步用于临床骨髓涂片标本的原位杂交检测。     

Diminution of preprosomatostatin-mRNA in cerebral cortex of the aged rat

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of normal aging on somatostatin neurotransmission. Somatostatin gene expression was analysed in several regions of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in 3, 7 and 21 month-old Sprague-Dawley rats using quantitative in situ hybridization with a 48mer oligodeoxynucleotide antisense probe. Furthermore the distribution of ¹²⁵I-Tyr¹¹ somatostatin receptor binding sites was studied using quantitative receptor autoradiography. The results demonstrated a significant reduction of preprosomatostatin-mRNA in the frontal cortex of the aged (21 month) group compared with the young (3 month) and the middle-aged (7 month) groups. The receptor binding densities of the aged (21 month) group tended to be lower, compared to the other groups although no significant region-specific changes were evident. These results indicate neurochemical changes in somatostatin-containing neurons in the frontal cortex during aging.     

An ESR contrast agent is transported to rat liver through organic anion transporter

Carboxy PROXYL is a useful extracellular paramagnetic contrast reagent in electron spin resonance (ESR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Active transfer of the probe was investigated using an in situ liver model in rats. Carboxy PROXYL, a nitroxyl spin probe, was perfused into in situ liver perfusion system from Wistar rats. Concentration of nitroxyl form of the spin probe in effluent increased gradually after introducing perfusate with the spin probe and reached a plateau. The disappearance of Carboxy PROXYL from the perfusate was 40%, which could not be explained with its partition coefficient. Administration of non-selective inhibitors of organic anion transporters, p-aminohippuric acid and penicillin G, inhibited competitively and in a dose dependent manner the transfer of Carboxy PROXYL into rat liver in situ, resulting in increases of Carboxy PROXYL in the effluent. The results demonstrate that there is an active transfer system of an ESR contrast reagent into in situ rat liver through organic anion transporters.     

纳米卟啉金属有机骨架对斑马鱼神经系统发育的作用*

目的:研究纳米卟啉金属有机骨架(NPMOF)对斑马鱼幼鱼神经系统发育的作用。方法:斑马鱼胚胎在发育6 h(hpf)后随机分为两组:对照组(n=500)和暴露组(n=500),对照组斑马鱼孵化于E3溶液中,暴露组于100 mg/L的NPMOF-E3溶液中,持续暴露至28、48、72、96或120 hpf。以20条斑马鱼为一批,在28、48、72、96和120 hpf分别提取3批实验组和对照组的总RNA用于RT-PCR;在120 hpf,实验组和对照组分别取20条PTU处理过的斑马鱼用于整体胚胎原位杂交,同样是在120 hpf,每组取150条用于免疫荧光染色,30条用于行为学测试。NPMOF的形状和尺寸用透射电镜测定,其光学特性由紫外分光光度计和荧光光谱仪测定;通过免疫荧光、整体胚胎原位杂交和RT-PCR方法检测各类神经细胞的发育;行为学测试用来监测斑马鱼运动状态的改变。结果:与正常组比较,NPMOF暴露组中神经发育相关基因的表达明显升高(P＜0.05),müller细胞和星形胶质细胞的数量明显增加(P＜0.05),神经元和少突胶质细胞的分布与形态未显示出差异;行为学测试中,斑马鱼的总运动距离、快速运动时间和运动速度的值显著增加(P＜0.05),总静止时间明显降低(P＜0.05)。结论:100 mg/L NPMOF溶液的持续暴露对斑马鱼神经系统发育,特别是视网膜中müller细胞和脑中星形胶质细胞的发育有促进作用。     

中华蜜蜂酪胺受体基因克隆及表达分析

酪胺(tyramine)属于生物多聚胺类,是昆虫中枢神经系统内重要的神经递质、神经调质和神经激素,参与调控昆虫的多种行为和生理过程,如酪胺受体基因参与调控动物的学习与记忆。本研究首次克隆获得中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)酪胺受体基因Actyr1和Actyr2的全长cDNA序列,利用qRT-PCR方法鉴定了Actyr1和Actyr2在中华蜜蜂不同组织器官中的表达谱,采用地高辛原位杂交技术对Actyr1和Actyr2在大脑中的表达进行了定位。中华蜜蜂Actyr1、Actyr2的cDNA全长序列分别为1241 bp(GenBank登录号：KC814693)和1270 bp(GenBank登录号：KC814694),分别编码297、399个氨基酸残基。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,Actyr1和Actyr2在不同组织中的表达量为头部最高,其次是腹部表皮,触角和胸部肌肉的表达量最低,并且头部的表达量显著高于其他组织的表达量;原位杂交结果显示,Acytr1和Actyr2在中华蜜蜂大脑蘑菇体的凯尼恩细胞、触角叶周围的细胞处均有较强阳性着色。这些研究表明,Acytr1和Actyr2基因可能参与了蜜蜂的学习记忆,并且在相同的细胞中互相作用,共同调控蜜蜂的生物学功能。     

Activity of dehydroabietic acid derivatives against wood contaminant fungi

The antifungal activity of 10 dehydroabietic acid derivatives with different configuration in A and B rings (cis/trans A/B junction) and different substituents and/or functionalities was evaluated in bioassays in vitro and in situ (pine wood blocks).

The test compounds dissolved in acetone were assayed at several concentrations w/w (test compound/culture medium) against the fungi. The Relative Inhibition (RI) was determined by measuring the radial growth of colonies of the fungi treated with the test compounds by comparison with those of control cultures; the results are expressed as EC₅₀.

The results of bioassays in vitro have shown that hydroxyl and aldehyde functions are required for antifungal activity in this group of compounds and deisopropylation can increase the activity. Our assay of antifungal activity in situ (in pine wood blocks) provides a means to investigate the preservative activities of these antifungal compounds under actual conditions of use.

The dehydroabietic acid derivative cis-deisopropyldehydroabietanol (10) inhibited the growth of several of the fungi tested, in vitro and in situ.

The results obtained in situ with the test compound (10) at 6% and 8% were not significantly different from the reference products and a good level of protection of the wood against the organisms tested was achieved.

The results in wood bioassays present new possibilities in the search for natural new compounds in the wood protection, as an alternative to conventional fungicides.     

In Situ Hybridization of Biotinylated Dna Probes to Cotton Meiotic Chromosomes

A modified procedure for in situ hybridization of biotinylated probes to meiotic chromosomes of cotton has been developed with high retention of squashed cells on slides, preservation of acid-fixed chromosome morphology, exceptionally low levels of background precipitate at nonspecific hybridization sites and improved photomicrographic recording. Salient features of the techniques include pretreatment of slides before squashing, cold storage of squash preparations, and use of interference Biters for distinguishing precipitate from chromatin. A cloned 18S/28S ribosomal DNA fragment from soybean was biotinylated via nick-translation and hybridized to microsporocyte meiotic chromosomes 6f cotton (Gostypium hirsutum L. and G. hirsutum L. X G. barbadense L.). Enzymatically formed precipitate from streptavidin-bound peroxidase marked the in situ hybridization.

In situ hybridization of biotinylated probes to cotton meiotic chromosomes adds the specificity and resolution of in situ hybridization to the chromosomal and genomic perspectives provided by meiotic cytogenetic analyses. Molecular cytogenetic analyses of meiotic cells offer certain inherent analytical advantages over analyses of somatic cells, e.g., in terms of mapping, and for studying fundamental biological and genetic problems, particularly for organisms that are not amenable to somatic karyotypic analysis.     

植物小RNA荧光原位杂交实验方法

小RNA是对植物生长发育十分重要的一类小分子核苷酸, 在多种生命过程以及胁迫响应中发挥重要调控作用。对小RNA的定位研究有助于揭示它们的功能, 而小RNA荧光原位杂交(sRNA-FISH)是一种通过荧光检测技术对生物体内小 RNA进行定性或半定量分析的技术, 目前该技术已经在动物体内被广泛应用, 而在植物体内的应用还比较少。该文详细介绍了基于超高分辨率显微镜的sRNA-FISH的具体操作流程以及注意事项, 该技术可用于探究植物组织内小RNA的表达与定位。