甜瓜乙烯受体基因Cm-ETR1 cDNA的克隆及表达特性分析

乙烯感知和信号转导的初始成分是乙烯受体,为探明甜瓜乙烯受体基因Cm-ETR1在甜瓜果实成熟过程中的作用,以甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜为材料,根据GenBank中登录的甜瓜乙烯受体基因Cm-ETR1的cDNA序列(登录号为AF054806),设计合成特异性引物,采用RT-PCR技术克隆得到Cm-ETR1基因全长cDNA序列,提交到GenBank中(登录号为EF495185)。序列分析表明,序列长度为2 256 bp,编码区为2 223 bp,编码740个氨基酸,与已报道的cantalupenis甜瓜ETR1基因的cDNA序列完全一致。Cm-ETR1蛋白的系统进化树分析结果表明,该乙烯受体蛋白在各物种间高度保守,与黄瓜乙烯受体蛋白相似性最高,一致性为99%,与龙眼乙烯受体蛋白相似性最低,一致性为86%。定量PCR分析结果显示,随着甜瓜果实内源乙烯合成量和成熟程度的增加,Cm-ETR1基因的表达量同步增加,在果实乙烯跃变期,Cm-ETR1的表达量也达到最高值,内源乙烯合成量与Cm-ETR1基因表达量间呈显著正相关,表明Cm-ETR1基因在甜瓜果实成熟过程中可能具有重要的作用。     

甜瓜HMGR基因全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的reticulatus甜瓜的HMGR cDNA序列设计合成引物,应用RT-PCR技术从甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜幼果总RNA中克隆得到HMGR的全长cDNA序列,共1 939 bp,编码588个氨基酸。序列比对及系统发育分析表明,该HMGR cD-NA序列与已报道的reticulatus甜瓜HMGR基因cDNA序列完全一致,和拟南芥HMG1亲缘关系最近。该基因的克隆为研究该基因在甜瓜中的表达特性及其功能奠定基础。     

甜瓜转录因子CmSBP11基因的cDNA克隆与表达分析

为了研究甜瓜转录因子Cm SBP11基因在甜瓜不同组织中的表达特性及其功能,首先,根据西班牙葫芦科基因组数据库MELONOMICS中释放的CmSBP111基因的cDNA序列设计特异性引物,使用RT-PCR方法对目的片段进行克隆,其次,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析该基因在不同的组织中的表达情况,最后使用STRING交互式数据库构建该蛋白的互作网络后,成功克隆得到长度为1 020 bp的cDNA片段,该片段编码317个氨基酸,CmSBP11基因在甜瓜的根、叶和果实中具有表达,但在果实中表达量最高。蛋白调控网络分析显示该蛋白在甜瓜果实发育成熟过程中参与维生素C的代谢过程。本研究所获得的结果为甜瓜果实发育成熟过程的分子机制的解析提供帮助。     

中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽基因的cDNA克隆和表达

从中华蜜蜂 (Apisceranacerana)工蜂毒腺中快速抽提总RNA ,用RT PCR扩增得到大小约为2 5 0bp的cDNA片段 ,测序得到的片段长度为 2 34bp ,为蜂毒前镇静肽原 (preprosecapin)基因编码区的cDNA .以 3′RACE方法 ,扩增和测定了 3′端非编码区 2 19bp序列 .中蜂前镇静肽原cDNA序列与已报道的欧洲意蜂该基因cDNA序列具有 92 %同源性 ,氨基酸序列具有 87%同源性 .代表成熟肽镇静肽的最后 2 5个氨基酸序列 ,中蜂与意蜂同源性为 88% .3′端非编码区cDNA序列与欧洲意蜂序列有 73 1%同源性 .将中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽成熟肽编码区与 3′非编码区部分克隆 ,构建了镇静肽与谷胱甘肽转移酶融合表达的载体pGEX AcSecapin .将载体转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)进行融合表达 .表达产物与抗GST抗体在 2 9kD处有很强的交叉反应 .大肠杆菌超声破碎后的上清液用SDS PAGE检测到表达的蛋白多为可溶性融合蛋白 ,通过亲和层析柱纯化和凝血酶的切割得到了镇静肽蛋白     

刺五加鲨烯合酶基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

采用改良的异硫氰酸胍法提取刺五加总RNA,逆转录为cDNA,根据已报道的人参鲨烯合酶基因(squalene synthase gene,SS) cDNA序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR法克隆刺五加SS基因的cDNA序列.克隆得到长度为1258 bp的刺五加SS基因cDNA序列,开放阅读框全长1248 bp,编码415个氨基酸残基,GenBank登录号为HQ456918,与人参的SS1、SS2和SS3氨基酸序列一致性分别为91.73％、97.59％和96.63％.首次分离并报道了刺五加SS基因cDNA序列,为刺五加苷生物合成中关键酶的表达分析及调控机理研究提供参考.     

栀子ERF基因的克隆及其在果实成熟过程中的表达

乙烯反应元件因子(ethylene-responsive element-binding factor,ERF)是一类植物DNA结合蛋白,是乙烯信号传导过程中的一类转录因子,与植物的生长发育和生理过程有关。从栀子(Gardenia jasminoidesEllis)果实的cDNA文库中筛选获得栀子乙烯反应元件因子GjERF的cDNA。该基因全长962 bp,5’端非翻译区长82 bp,3’端非翻译区长100 bp,预测ORF为780 bp,编码259个氨基酸,分子量为28.6 kD。序列分析表明GjERF含有59个氨基酸构成的AP2/ERF结构域及N端的MC(MCGGAII)模体,它属于ERF家族的第Ⅶ亚类。RT-PCR分析表明GjERF基因在栀子成熟叶片中的表达高于在果实中的表达,并且在果实中的表达与果实的成熟过程无关。     

柑橘果糖激酶基因的克隆及表达

植物果糖激酶(FRK)在果糖磷酸化中起重要作用.通过PCR技术从温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Marc.)基因组中扩增得到编码果糖激酶基因的2个基因组DNA片段,分别命名为Cufrk1、Cufrk2,利用RT-PCR从果实中分离到了与Cufrk1外显子序列一致的cDNA序列,并通过RACE技术分离到这个基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为CuFRK1(GenBank号:AY561840).Cufrk1与Cufrk2编码氨基酸序列相似性为68%.CuFRK1 cDNA全长为1 459 bp,5'端和3'端的非翻译区分别为167 bp和239 bp,该序列含有一个完整的开放读码框,编码350个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量约为37.5 kD,等电点为5.03,含有2个果糖激酶糖特异结合域及3个ATP结合域,其氨基酸序列与其他植物中已分离的果糖激酶基因相似性在62%～78%.Northern分析显示,CuFRK1(Cufrk1)与Cufrk2在柑橘幼叶、发育初期果实中表达量较高,在果皮和茎中不表达,在花瓣及成熟果实中表达模式有一定差异.酶活性分析表明,果实中的果糖激酶活性随果实的发育而降低,同时,果实中的果糖不断积累,在果实整个发育过程中果糖含量与果糖激酶活性呈极显著负相关.     

辣椒多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因CaPG的克隆与序列分析

以耐贮辣椒品系P98为材料,采用RACE方法,首次获得辣椒果实多聚半乳糖醛酶(PG)基因的全长cDNA,命名为CaPG,登录号为FJ596175.序列分析结果表明,该基因cDNA长1 668 bp,5′非编码区为119 bp,3′非编码区为442 bp,CDS长1 107 bp,编码368个氨基酸.Blast比对发现,该基因核苷酸序列与已报道的番茄和番木瓜PG基因具有84%和85%的相似性.聚类分析表明,该基因与番茄和番木瓜的亲缘关系较近,与拟南芥PG基因的亲缘关系较远.     

河套蜜瓜ACC合成酶cDNA片段的克隆和序列分析

1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）合成酶是高等植物中乙烯生物合成的关键酶。以成熟河套蜜瓜（CucumismeloL．cvHetau）果实的RNA为模板,经反转录和PCR扩增得到预期大小的DNA片段,插入到pUC19的SmaⅠ位点后转化E.coliJM109,筛选出重组子pHMAS1。序列分析表明获得了长627bp的ACC合成酶cDNA片段。与已报道的ACC合成酶基因相应序列比较有很高的同源性．     

草莓β-半乳糖苷酶基因FaTβgal的克隆与表达分析

利用SSH和RACE技术,从‘丰香’草莓果实中分离了1个草莓β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)基因,命名为FaTβgal。FaTβgal基因cDNA序列全长2 891bp,ORF区2 448bp,编码815个氨基酸,含有保守序列GGPIILSQIENEY和凝集素结构域。FaTβgal推导氨基酸序列与已报道的3个草莓β-Gal基因Faβgal1(CAC44500)、Faβgal2(CAC44501)、Faβgal3(CAC44502)氨基酸序列有47.1%~48.1%的相似性。与其它物种24个β-Gal基因聚类分析表明,FaTβgal聚在一个独立的分枝上。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对FaTβgal基因在果实发育成熟过程中的表达分析表明,该基因在果实中特异表达,随着果实成熟表达量升高,粉红期达到峰值,全红期迅速下降;2个软硬不同的品种表达模式趋于一致。研究认为,FaTβgal基因是β-Gal基因家族的一个新基因,该基因可能在果实成熟软化过程中发挥作用。     

cDNA cloning and characterisation of novel ripening-related mRNAs with altered patterns of accumulation in the ripening inhibitor (rin) tomato ripening mutant

A cDNA library produced from mRNA isolated from the pericarp of wild-type tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Ailsa Craig) at the first visible sign of fruit ripening was differentially screened to identify clones whose homologous mRNAs were present at reduced levels in fruit of the tomato ripening mutant, ripening inhibitor,rin. Five clones were isolated (pERT 1, 10, 13, 14, 15). Accumulation of mRNA homologous to each of these clones increased during the ripening of wild-type fruit and showed reduced accumulation in ripening rin fruit. The levels of three of them (homologous to ERT 1, 13 and 14) were increased by ethylene treatment of the mutant fruit. A further clone, ERT 16 was identified for a mRNA present at a high level in both normal and mutant fruit at early stages of ripening. Database searches revealed no significant homology to the DNA sequence of ERT 14 and 15; however, DNA and derived amino acid sequence of ERT 1 both contain regions of homology with several reported UDP-glucosyl and glucuronosyl transferases (UDPGT) and with a conserved UDPGT motif. A derived amino acid sequence from the ERT 10 cDNA contains a perfect match to a consensus sequence present in a number of dehydrogenases. The ERT 13 DNA sequence has homology with an mRNA present during potato tuberisation. The presence of these mRNAs in tomato fruit is unreported and their role in ripening is unknown. The ERT 16 DNA sequence has homology with a ripening/stress-related cDNA isolated from tomato fruit pericarp.     

An ethylene-related cDNA from ripening apples

We report the isolation of a ripening-related apple cDNA which is complementary to a mRNA which may be involved in ethylene production. Poly(A)⁺ RNA was extracted from cortical tissue of ripe apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Golden Delicious) and a cDNA library constructed in the plasmid vector pSPORT. The library was screened with pTOM13, a tomato cDNA clone thought to code for ACC oxidase in that fruit. An apple cDNA clone (pAP4) was isolated and sequenced. The 1182 bp cDNA insert includes an open reading frame of 942 bp, and shows strong homology with reported tomato and avocado sequences, both at the nucleic acid and amino acid levels. The polypeptide has a calculated molecular mass of 35.4 kDa and a calculated pI of 5.15. In apple cortical tissue, expression of pAP4-complementary RNA increased with ethylene production by the fruit during ripening. Expression was also enhanced in both ethylene-treated and wounded fruit.     

Characterization of two cDNA clones for mRNAs expressed during ripening of melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruits

In vitro translation of mRNAs and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins from melons revealed that several mRNAs increased in amount during ripening, indicating the existence of other ripening genes in addition to those cloned previously. To identify ripening-related genes we have screened a ripe melon cDNA library and isolated two novel cDNA clones (MEL2 and MEL7) encoding unidentified proteins. Southern analysis revealed that MEL2 and MEL7 are encoded by low-copy-number genes. The MEL2 cDNA clone is near full-length, corresponds to a 1600 nucleotide mRNA that accumulates during ripening and encodes a predicted protein rich in hydrophobic amino acids. The MEL7 cDNA clone is full-length, corresponds to a mRNA of 0.7 kb which accumulates during early ripening stages and is also present at low levels in other organs of the melon plant. The MEL7 predicted polypeptide is 17 kDa and shows significant homology with the major latex protein from opium-poppy. Wounding and ethylene treatment of unripe melon fruits 20 days after anthesis showed that MEL2 and MEL7 mRNAs are only induced by ethylene.     

Expressed sequence tags from persimmon at different developmental stages

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is an important fruit in Asian countries, where it is eaten as a fresh fruit and is also used for many other purposes. To understand the molecular mechanism of fruit development and ripening in persimmon, we generated a total of 9,952 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from randomly selected clones of two different cDNA libraries. One cDNA library was derived from fruit of “Saijo” persimmon at an early stage of development, and the other from ripening fruit. These ESTs were clustered into 6,700 non-redundant sequences. Of the 6,700 non-redundant sequences evaluated, the deduced amino acid sequences of 4,356 (65%) showed significant homology to known proteins, and 2,344 (35%) showed no significant similarity to any known proteins in Arabidopsis databases. We report comparison of genes identified in the two cDNA libraries and describe some putative genes involved in proanthocyanidin and carotenoid synthesis. This study provides the first global overview of a set of genes that are expressed during fruit development and ripening in persimmon.     

Candidate genes and QTLs for fruit ripening and softening in melon

Different factors affect the quality of melon fruit and among them long shelf life is critical from the consumer’s point of view. In melon, cultivars showing both climacteric and non-climacteric ripening types are found. In this study we have investigated climacteric ripening and fruit softening using a collection of near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the non-climacteric melon parental lines PI 161375 (SC) and “Piel de Sapo” (PS). Surprisingly, we found that QTL eth3.5 in NIL SC3-5b induced a climacteric-ripening phenotype with increased respiration and ethylene levels. Data suggest that the non-climacteric phenotypes from PI 161375 and “Piel de Sapo” may be the result of mutations in different genes. Several QTLs for fruit flesh firmness were also detected. Candidate genes putatively involved in ethylene regulation, biosynthesis and perception and cell wall degradation were mapped and some colocations with QTLs were observed. These results may provide additional data towards understanding of non-climacteric ripening in melon.     

Peroxisomal thiolase mRNA is induced during mango fruit ripening

Fruit ripening is a complex, developmentally regulated process. A series of genes have been isolated from various ripening fruits encoding enzymes mainly involved in ethylene and cell wall metabolism. In order to aid our understanding of the molecular basis of this process in a tropical fruit, a cDNA library was prepared from ripe mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Manila). By differential screening with RNA poly(A)⁺ from unripe and ripe mesocarp a number of cDNAs expressing only in ripe fruit have been isolated. This paper reports the characterization of one such cDNA (pTHMF 1) from M. indica which codes for a protein highly homologous to cucumber, rat and human peroxisomal thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16), the catalyst for the last step in the -oxidation pathway.The cDNA for the peroxisomal mango thiolase is 1305 bp in length and codes for a protein of 432 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 45 532 Da. Mango thiolase is highly homologous to cucumber thiolase (80%), the only other plant thiolase whose cloning has been reported, and to rat and human thiolases (55% and 55% respectively).It is shown by northern analysis that during fruit ripening THMF 1 is up-regulated. A similar pattern of expression was detected in tomato fruit. Wounding and pathogen infection do not appear to affect THMF 1 expression. The possible involvement of thiolase in fatty acid metabolism during fruit ripening will be discussed. To our knowledge this is the first report cloning of a plant gene involved in fatty acid metabolism showing an induction during fruit ripening.     

Ethylene receptor expression is regulated during fruit ripening, flower senescence and abscission

Using theArabidopsis ethylene receptorETR1 as a probe, we have isolated a tomato homologue (tETR) from a ripening cDNA library. The predicted amino acid sequence is 70% identical toETR1 and homologous to a variety of bacterial two component response regulators over the histidine kinase domain. Sequencing of four separate cDNAs indicates that tETR lacks the carboxyl terminal response domain and is identical to that encoded by the tomatoNever ripe gene. Ribonuclease protection showed tETR mRNA was undetectable in unripe fruit or pre-senescent flowers, increased in abundance during the early stages of ripening, flower senescence, and in abscission zones, and was greatly reduced in fruit of ripening mutants deficient in ethylene synthesis or response. These results suggest that changes in ethylene sensitivity are mediated by modulation of receptor levels during development.