荞麦属2个野生荞麦种的染色体核型研究

对荞麦属皱叶野荞麦(Fagopyrum crispatifolium J.L.Liu)及其近缘种细柄野荞麦[F.gracilipes (Hemsl.) Dam.et Diels]的染色体核型进行了分析.结果表明,2个野生荞麦的染色体数目均为2n=4x=32,但二者在随体数目、染色体长度等方面差异明显,染色体核型不同,皱叶野荞麦的核型公式为:30m(4SAT)+2sm,细柄野荞麦的核型公式为:32m,属首次报道.     

Three new species in the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from China

Three new species in Polygonum section Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from Xinjiang, China, are described and illustrated. Polygonum urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare L. in habit, but differs by having flowers densely clustered and spicate in the upper part of branches, stamens 5–6, and two types of achenes (the longer one densely and irregularly granulate on surface). Polygonum tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare in the flowers not forming a raceme in the upper part of branches, the stamens 8, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface, but differs by the leaf blades linear-lanceolate, the midvein and lateral veins conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the upper axils of branches. This species is also similar to P. patulum M. Bieb. in the erect stem, and the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the axils of the upper part of branches, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the leaves in the upper part of branches not becoming smaller gradually, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface. Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze in the erect stem, the 3–6 flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches, the stamens 8, and the slightly smooth achenes, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme. This species is also similar to P. tachengense in habit, but differs in the leaves borne in the upper part of branches becoming smaller gradually and the smooth, slightly shiny achenes. The pollen morphology, leaf epidermal characters and achene micromorphology of the three new species and their relatives were comparatively observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

The structure of Physalins F and J from Physalis angulata and P. Lancifolia

Physalins F and J are shown to be Physalin B 5β,6β-epoxide and 5α,6α-epoxide, respectively. The transformation of physalin F into physalin D (5,6-dihydro-5α,6β-dihydroxyphysalin B) and an acid-catalysed skeletal rearrangement of physalin F into isophysalin F are described.     

芸香科山小橘属一新种——长瓣山小橘

Glycosmis longipetala F. J. Mou ＆ D. X. Zhang is described from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in southwestern China. The new species is similar to G. cochinchinensis （Lour.） Pierre ex Engl. by its simple leaves, but distinguishable in having long-elliptic or oblanceolate （vs. ovate） leaves, long-ovoid to ellipsoid （vs. ovoid） floral buds, ovaries with many tubercles （vs. smooth） and glabrous （vs. pubescent） stamens. The pollen grains of the new species are 23.9±3.09 （20.8-27.0）×22.0±1.80 （20.4-24.4）μm in size with reticulate exine ornamentation in equatorial area and foveolate in polar area. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n=72.     

A simple isotope derivative assay for prostaglandins and prostaglandin metabolites. I. Assay of e-type prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins of the E series may be reduced with [³H]borohydride to their corresponding counterparts of the F series: during reduction a tritium label is incorporated into the molecule. We describe a simple assay based on this reaction which can be used to measure E-type prostaglandins, and with slight modifications, to measure F-, A-, and D-type prostaglandins, as well as the 15-keto and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolites. The assay will estimate 1–10 ng PGE compounds (～10^?11–10^?12 moles) but some prior purification of the sample is necessary.     

Kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase isolated from rat hepatic tumours.

The results demonstrate the existence of L and M forms of pyruvate kinase in rat hepatomas. Tumours were induced by feeding N-Nitrosodiethylamine. The kinetic properties of the L-type tumour enzyme was markedly different from the L-enzyme form found in normal liver. The L-form of tumour enzyme was purified by DEAE cellulose-Sephadex G200 chromatography (Sp. activity 41 units/mg). $\text{MgADP}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{ADP}{}^{\mathrm{2?}}$ of $\text{20}\text{1}$ gave optimum activity for both the intrinsic and F1,6di-P stimulated reactions. ATP did not inhibit the enzyme. Alanine (2.5 nM) caused 60% inhibition at low PEP concentrations (0.25 mM). The homotropic effector (PEP) exhibited a complex allosteric pattern and saturation kinetics were not observed for either the intrinsic or F1,6di-P stimulated reactions with PEP concentrations as high as 10 mM.     

兰科一新属和新亚族——丫瓣兰属和丫瓣兰亚族

基于丫瓣兰Ypsilorchis fissipetala (Finet)Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen &L.J.Chen(基名为裂瓣羊耳蒜Liparis fissipetala Finet)建立了兰科新属--丫瓣兰属Ypsilorchis Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen&.J.Chen.新属与羊耳蒜属Liparis的区别点为:新属有两个粉蜡质花粉团:每个花粉团具1个多少有弹性的花粉团柄;花瓣二深裂;叶具强烈波状的边缘,其先端有一个长达1 mm的芒尖.这些特征表明了其与羊耳蒜亚族Liparidinae有明显的差别,为此,建立了一个新的亚族--丫瓣兰亚族Ypsilorchidinae Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen &L.J.Chert.     

Singchia and Gunnaria, two new genera of Orchidaceae

Singchia Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, a new orchid genus, is established based on the new species S. malipoensis Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen found in southeast Yunnan, China. The new genus is related to Pteroceras, from which it differs by having a lip with its basal margins immovably adnate to the lower part of the pendent column foot, a thin-walled spur, and very unequally and deeply split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle. In addition to a discussion on Ascocentrum pusillum, a species of questionable placement, another new genus, namely Gunnaria S. C. Chen ex Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is set up and a new combination, namely G. pusilla （Aver.） Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is made. The new genus Gunnaria differs from its allyAscocentrum by having a cross-shaped pollinarium, sulcate or split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle attached to a common linear stipe much longer than either pollinia or viscidium, and strongly incurved side lobes of the lip.     

白苏子和荠Lin子形态特征及其化学成分的研究

对白苏子和荠Lin子两种种子的脂肪油,氨基酸,矿质元素等化学成分进行分析,结果表明,两种种子均含有丰富的脂肪油,含量分别为40．18％和20．62％,其脂肪油的主要成分为：亚麻酸,亚油酸,油酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸等,其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为92．759％和92．990％,具有较高的营养价值,此外,还含有丰富的氨基酸和种类齐全的矿质元素,其种子形状大小,纹饰特征是两种种子鉴别的重要依据。     

白苏子和荠苧子形态特征及其化学成分的研究

对白苏子和荠苧子两种种子的脂肪油、氨基酸、矿质元素等化学成分进行分析 ,结果表明 :两种种子均含有丰富的脂肪油 ,含量分别为 4 0 .18%和 2 0 .6 2 % ,其脂肪油的主要成分为 :亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等 ,其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为 92 .759%和 92 .990 % ,具有较高的营养价值。此外 ,还含有丰富的氨基酸和种类齐全的矿质元素。其种子形状大小、纹饰特征是两种种子鉴别的重要依据。     

五个中国荞麦(Fagopyrum)种的核型分析

用去壁低渗法对甜荞 ( Fagopyrum esculentum)、苦荞 ( F.tataricum)、左贡野荞 ( F.zuogongense Q.F.Chen) ,大野荞 ( F.megaspartanium Q.F.Chen)及毛野荞 ( F.pilus Q.F.Chen)等大粒组荞麦种的根尖和茎尖有丝分裂染色体进行了观察 ,并对其茎尖有丝分裂染色体的核型进行了比较分析。结果表明 :这 5种荞麦在核型上类似 ,都有 2对随体染色体 ,而且都为对称核型。但它们彼此有一定的差异。甜荞、苦荞、大野荞、毛野荞及左贡野荞的核型公式分别为 1 2 m+4m( SAT)、1 2 m+4sm( SAT)、8m+4sm+4m( SAT)、1 2 m+2 m( SAT) +2 sm( SAT)及 2 4 m+4sm+4m( SAT)。     

苗药果上叶立地环境调查研究

对苗药果上叶生长立地环境、气候状况、土壤理化特性及蕴藏量进行研究,研究结果表明:果上叶垂直分布在海拔400～1 800 m范围内,生长在陡坡石灰岩地带,所匍匐生长的岩石坡度基本在70°以上,在阴坡或半阴坡,喜温暖、湿润的环境,果上叶生长地土壤有机质含量高,残土比达0.42,土壤的排水性和保水性较好,呈弱酸性至中性;果上叶生长在盐肤木、青杠树、马尾松、荚蒾等乔木及部分缠绕的藤本植物下面,与蕨类和苔藓伴生;果上叶资源蕴藏量很少,处于濒危的程度。     

The effect of calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics on the kinetics of calcium uptake and calcium ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles

The ionophore A23187 is a potent inhibitor of oxalate supported calcium uptake if added before uptake is initiated by ATP and is a much weaker inhibitor of uptake once uptake has been initiated. This observation is shown to be due to a failure of oxalate to capture the transported calcium at the beginning of uptake because the rate of calcium oxalate crystallization is initially slow, thereby allowing the ionophore to release the accumulated calcium. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that calcium oxalate crystallization shows a lag phase which is absent when calcium oxalate seeds are in the reaction system. Once calcium uptake has progressed, calcium oxalate seeds are present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium oxalate crystallization proceeds sufficiently rapidly that the ionophore cannot compete successfully for calcium. That A23187 and oxalate compete for intravesicular ionic calcium is shown by the stimulation which each produces in ATPase activity and by the dependence of ionophore activity on oxalate concentration.The failure of calcium oxalate crystallization to reach equilibrium during the early phase of calcium uptake caused us to examine whether at any time during calcium uptake, crystallization reaches equilibrium. Skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum accumulated calcium at such a high rate that oxalate, in concentrations up to 20mM, was unable to clamp intravesicular calcium at equilibrium values. The lower rate of calcium accumulation by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and/or perhaps its greater permeability to oxalate apparently allows intravesicular calcium to be clamped by oxalate.     

川藏渝高山新竹类

发表了产于四川西部和西藏南部的箭竹属各一新种,它们分别是打母牛和扭马。首次补充描述了箭竹属圆芽箭竹组（Sect. Ampullares Yi）中原产于重庆东部的窝竹花果形态,从而更进一步证实了该组应为箭竹属成员。     

利用N糖苷酶F对单克隆抗体N糖酶解条件的优化

为了优化利用N糖苷酶F（PNGase F）酶解单克隆抗体中N糖的方法，应用本公司生产的单抗对PNGase F酶的酶解条件进行优化，包括缓冲液pH、酶种类、仪器、酶解程度、变性缓冲液及酶加入量等，总结酶解条件对N糖谱结果的影响。结果显示，置换缓冲液至1×PBS中可以避免某些单抗在低pH酶解时G0F转化为G0F-GN并可改善峰型；快速PNGase F和加入变性缓冲液能有效提高酶解效率；UPLC和1.7 μm粒径色谱柱能提高分离度；不完全酶解影响N糖含量结果。研究结果表明，采用优化的酶解条件可快速、有效的酶解单抗上的N糖，使N糖谱结果准确可靠，为细胞株筛选和单抗药物质量控制提供有效手段。     

米仓山自然保护区水青冈属(Fagus)资源调查报告

使用常规野外种群调查方法调查了米仓山自然保护区中水青冈属(Fagus)林木资源贮量。结果表明保护区有水青冈属分布的林分面积达7 064.8 hm2,占保护区有林地面积40%多;水青冈属活立木总蓄积814 600 m3,是国内目前水青冈属植物保存面积最大的地区。保护区中现有水青冈(F.longipetiolata),亮叶水青冈(F.lucida),台湾水青冈(F.hayatae),米心水青冈(F.engleriana)4个种,而在这4种水青冈属植物中,又以台湾水青冈的发现最为重要,有台湾水青冈分布的林分面积达5 923.3 hm2,以台湾水青冈为优势的林分面积2 511 hm2,台湾水青冈活立木蓄积317 000 m3。     

Dammarane-type saponins from Ziziphus jujube and their inhibitory effects against TNF-α release in LPS-induced RAW 246.7 macrophages

Four new dammarane-type saponins jujubosides F–J, together with six known compounds were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujube. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences. Compounds 1–10 showed moderate inhibitory effects against pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α release in LPS-induced RAW 246.7 macrophages.     

Glycosmis longipetala F. J. Mou & D. X. Zhang, a new species of Rutaceae from China

Glycosmis longipetala F. J. Mou & D. X. Zhang is described from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in southwestern China. The new species is similar to G. Cochinchinensis (Lour.) Pierre ex Engl. By its simple leaves, but distinguishable in having long-elliptic or oblanceolate (vs. Ovate) leaves, long-ovoid to ellipsoid (vs. Ovoid) floral buds, ovaries with many tubercles (vs. Smooth) and glabrous (vs. Pubescent) stamens. The pollen grains of the new species are 23.9±3.09 (20.8-27.0)×22.0±1.80 (20.4-24.4) μm in size with reticulate exine ornamentation in equatorial area and foveolate in polar area. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n=72.     

关于顶生金花茶分类地位的探讨

根据近年来对顶生金花茶和平果金花茶在其原产地的进一步调查和野外观察并参考过去的研究成果,发现:顶生金花茶与平果金花茶在分布、形态特征、物候期、生态习性及细胞学特性,尤其是繁殖器官和生活史等方面都有明显差异。因此,认为将其降为平果金花茶的变种颇为不妥,主张恢复顶生金花茶作为一个独立种的地位,其名称为顶生金花茶。