具有感染周期和垂直传播的阶段结构SIS流行病模型的无害时滞

本文提出并研究了一个具有感染期和垂直传播的阶段结构SIS流行病模型,分别讨论了模型在无时滞和有时滞两种情况下平衡点的稳定性.结果表明,在添加时滞后平衡点的稳定性不发生变化,即这个时滞是无害的.     

具有三个年龄阶段的单种群自食模型

建立并研究了两个具有三个年龄阶段的单种群自食模型．这篇文章的主要目的是研究时滞对种群生长的作用,对于没有时滞的的模型,我们利用Liapunov函数,得到了系统平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件;而具有时滞的的模型,我们得到,随着时滞T增加,当系数满足一定条件时,正平衡点的稳定性可以改变有限次,最后变成不稳定;否则,时滞模型的正平衡点的稳定性不改变。     

一类随机时滞捕食者-食饵模型的动力学行为（英文）

研究了一类含时滞的Harrison型捕食者-食饵模型在随机扰动环境下的动力学行为.对于非时滞和时滞模型分别给出了局部和全局稳定性条件.通过白噪声分别对食饵人口增长率的和捕食者人口死亡率进行随机扰动,构建相应的随机时滞微分方程模型讨论环境噪声对其作用的动力学行为.在一定条件下,随机时滞模型存在随机最终有界的唯一全局正解且解的二阶均值是有界的.最后通过数值模拟对给出的分析结果进行了验证.     

一类具有时滞的三种群食物链模型的定性分析及其仿真

在生态系统中,时滞对种群稳定性的影响一直是研究的重点内容之一.考虑了一类具有时滞的三种群食物链模型,利用微分不等式得到了种群的有界性;利用Matlab软件下的Simulink平台,对种群模型进行了数值仿真,得到了不同参数情况下的相空间轨迹,通过分岔图说明时滞对种群模型稳定性的影响.     

一类具连续时滞的三种群互助模型正平衡态的渐近稳定性

本文研究了一类具连续时滞的三种群互助模型,利用上、下解方法及相应的单调迭代方法,获得了该系统存在唯一正常数平衡态及该平衡态是全局渐近稳定的结论,为讨论时滞三种群模型提供了一种有效方法,所得结果也适用于二种群互助模型及不含时滞和扩散项的互助模型,因而推广了已有的一些结论．     

气温和空气相对湿度对森林地表细小死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的影响

以落叶松(Larix gmelinii)叶片、白桦(Betula platyphylla)叶片、落叶松-白桦叶片混合物为例, 初步研究了气温和空气相对湿度对地表细小死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的影响, 对这3种可燃物在不同气温、不同空气相对湿度条件下(共20个温湿度组合)失水过程中的含水率进行了测定。通过统计软件建立了相应条件下3种类型可燃物含水率时间动态方程, 并利用此方程估算了3种可燃物平衡含水率和时滞, 同时用估算值分别建立了3种可燃物的平衡含水率-气温模型、平衡含水率-湿度模型、时滞-气温模型、时滞-湿度模型等4种模型。并用已知的4个可燃物平衡含水率模型拟合了该研究得到的平衡含水率数据, 其中, 用Van Wanger模型得到的平均绝对误差和均方根误差均不超过0.01, 拟合效果最好; Nelson模型的拟合效果最差。对气温和空气相对湿度对3种可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的影响的研究结果表明: 气温和空气相对湿度对3种可燃物的平衡含水率和时滞有显著影响, 气温与平衡含水率和时滞呈负相关关系, 而空气相对湿度与二者均呈正相关关系。其中, 时滞-湿度模型高估了可燃物的时滞。该研究具有一定的局限性与不确定性, 在未来的工作中, 应选择在更宽的可燃物类型范围内, 结合更全面的影响因子进行研究。     

滇中地表死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞与温湿度的关系研究

为研究温湿度对滇中地表死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的影响, 2017年4月于昆明西山公园采集云南松和滇青冈两个树种新凋落的枯枝和枯叶, 利用恒温恒湿箱在室内测定了20个温湿度组合下的平衡含水率和时滞, 并通过统计软件分析了平衡含水率和时滞与温湿度的关系, 同时以Simard和Nelson模型为响应模型拟合了4种可燃物的平衡含水率预测模型, 利用均方根误差分析比较两类模型的精准性。结果表明: 滇中地表死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞受温湿度的影响显著, 平衡含水率和时滞均随温度的升高而减小, 随湿度的增加而增大。4种可燃物拟合得出的Simard模型和Nelson模型相比较, Simard模型的拟合效果更好, 更适用于滇中地表死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的预测。     

一个竞争模型的一致持续生存

本文研究一个带有时滞的竞争模型的一致持续生存。首先证明了离散时滞不影响种群的一致持续生存,接着在种群增长率是周期的假设下讨论了正周期解的存在性,最后给出了连续时滞模型一致持续生存的充分条件。     

一个具有时滞的媒介传播流行病模型中的Hopt分支（英文）

文章研究的是一个具有时滞的媒介传播流行病模型.假定长期的发病率是双线性大规模行动的方式,确定了疾病是否流行的阈值R_0.当R_0≤1时,得到无病平衡点是全局稳定的,即疾病消失;当R_0〉1时,得到地方病平衡点.在具有时滞的微分模型中,时滞与载体转变成传染源的孵化期有关。我们研究了时滞对平衡点稳定性的影响,研究表明,在从寄生源到载体的传播过程中,时滞可以破坏动力系统并且得到了Hopt分支的周期解.     

具有非线性种内制约关系和分布时滞竞争模型的稳定性

构造并研究了一类具有分布时滞和非线性种内制约关系的竞争模型.得到了这类模型的边界平衡点和共存平衡点全局渐近稳定的条件,以及分布时滞、非线性种内制约关系对模型的影响.     

An approach for increasing the mass recovery of proteins derived from inclusion bodies in biotechnology

A method for increasing the mass recovery of therapeutic proteins produced by E. coli using liquid chromatography was investigated. Recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) produced by E. coli was selected as a model therapeutic protein, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was performed as a model for liquid chromatography. Using seven types of stationary phase hydrophobic interaction chromatography (STHIC) with different end groups, the effect of the stationary phase on the mass recovery during protein folding by liquid chromatography (LC) and the causes of mass loss of rhIFN-gamma during its folding with simultaneous purification were investigated. Also strategies for increasing mass recovery are proposed. The results demonstrate that the mass recovery of rhIFN-gamma increases with the decreasing hydrophobicity for six STHIC with end groups of PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, furfural, and phenyl, except for PEG-1000. However, for oxethyl and PEG-600, even though the same diol end group is bonded to PEG-600, so long as the PEG-600 is modified by acetyl chloride, it can effectively enhance the mass and bioactivity recovery of rhIFN-gamma compared to the PEG-600 column. The effect of sample size including both mass and volume on the mass recovery of the rhIFN-gamma was also investigated. Last, redissolving the target protein that has irreversibly adsorbed to the stationary phase and re-injecting it onto the column is an approach for increasing mass recovery.     

A dynamical model of muscle activation, fatigue, and recovery

A dynamical model is presented as a framework for muscle activation, fatigue, and recovery. By describing the effects of muscle fatigue and recovery in terms of two phenomenological parameters (F, R), we develop a set of dynamical equations to describe the behavior of muscles as a group of motor units activated by voluntary effort. This model provides a macroscopic view for understanding biophysical mechanisms of voluntary drive, fatigue effect, and recovery in stimulating, limiting, and modulating the force output from muscles. The model is investigated under the condition in which brain effort is assumed to be constant. Experimental validation of the model is performed by fitting force data measured from healthy human subjects during a 3-min sustained maximal voluntary handgrip contraction. The experimental results confirm a theoretical inference from the model regarding the possibility of maximal muscle force production, and suggest that only 97% of the true maximal force can be reached under maximal voluntary effort, assuming that all motor units can be recruited voluntarily. The effects of different motor unit types, time-dependent brain effort, sources of artifacts, and other factors that could affect the model are discussed. The applications of the model are also discussed.     

Disease effects on reproduction can cause population cycles in seasonal environments

1. Recent studies of rodent populations have demonstrated that certain parasites can cause juveniles to delay maturation until the next reproductive season. Furthermore, a variety of parasites may share the same host, and evidence is beginning to accumulate showing nonindependent effects of different infections. 2. We investigated the consequences for host population dynamics of a disease-induced period of no reproduction, and a chronic reduction in fecundity following recovery from infection (such as may be induced by secondary infections) using a modified SIR (susceptible, infected, recovered) model. We also included a seasonally varying birth rate as recent studies have demonstrated that seasonally varying parameters can have important effects on long-term host-parasite dynamics. We investigated the model predictions using parameters derived from five different cyclic rodent populations. 3. Delayed and reduced fecundity following recovery from infection have no effect on the ability of the disease to regulate the host population in the model as they have no effect on the basic reproductive rate. However, these factors can influence the long-term dynamics including whether or not they exhibit multiyear cycles. 4. The model predicts disease-induced multiyear cycles for a wide range of realistic parameter values. Host populations that recover relatively slowly following a disease-induced population crash are more likely to show multiyear cycles. Diseases for which the period of infection is brief, but full recovery of reproductive function is relatively slow, could generate large amplitude multiyear cycles of several years in length. Chronically reduced fecundity following recovery can also induce multiyear cycles, in support of previous theoretical studies. 5. When parameterized for cowpox virus in the cyclic field vole populations (Microtus agrestis) of Kielder Forest (northern England), the model predicts that the disease must chronically reduce host fecundity by more than 70%, following recovery from infection, for it to induce multiyear cycles. When the model predicts quasi-periodic multiyear cycles it also predicts that seroprevalence and the effective date of onset of the reproductive season are delayed density-dependent, two phenomena that have been recorded in the field.     

Evaluation of oil recovery by rhamnolipid produced with isolated strain from Iranian oil wells

A rhamnolipid producing bacterium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR was isolated from south of Iranian oil wells. In the previous study, effects of main factors of cultivation on production of biosurfactant by this strain were evaluated and their optimized values were determined. In the present paper, the ability of produced biosurfactant in oil recovery was investigated. For this purpose, its affect on enhanced oil recovery in sand pack and core holder obtained from oil wells was evaluated. It was found that the maximum oil recovery in saturated sand pack column and in saturated core holder of crude oil were 23.6 and 64%, respectively. Then, in core test mathematical model was proposed by considering interactions between given parameters. Furthermore, dependence of residual oil recovery on the process of core washing during injection of biosurfactant was investigated. Finally, capillary desaturation curve was compared with core flood data.     

Symmetric bursting behaviors in the generalized FitzHugh–Nagumo model

In the current paper, we have investigated the generalized FitzHugh–Nagumo model. We have shown that symmetric bursting behaviors of different types could be observed in this model with an appropriate recovery term. A modified version of this system is used to construct bursting activities. Furthermore, we have shown some numerical examples of delayed Hopf bifurcation and canard phenomenon in the symmetric bursting of super-Hopf/homoclinic type near its super-Hopf and homoclinic bifurcations, respectively.     

Reversed micellar extraction of trypsin: Effect of solvent on the protein transfer and activity recovery

By using trypsin as the model protein and AOT as the model surfactant, the effect of a variety of solvents on protein transfer and activity recovery during the liquid-liquid reversed micellar extraction was investigated. It was found that several solvents, including isooctane, octane, heptane, and kerosene, had a similar effect on the recovery of trypsin activity after a full cycle of forward and backward extraction, and could all be used as the solvents for AOT-reversed micelles in trypsin extraction. Two other solvents (hexane and cyclohexane), however, were not so efficient. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Oscillations in energy metabolism

Organisation of mitochondrial metabolism is a quintessential example of a complex dissipative system which can display dynamic instabilities. Several findings have indicated that the conditions inducing instabilities are within the physiological range and that mild perturbations could elicit oscillations. Different mathematical models have been put forth in order to explain the genesis of oscillations in energy metabolism. One model considers mitochondria as an organised network of oscillators and indicates that communication between mitochondria involves mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production acting as synchronisers of the energy status of the whole population of mitochondria. An alternative model proposes that extramitochondrial pH variations could lead to mitochondrial oscillations. Oscillatory phenomena in energy metabolism have also been investigated in vivo on the basis of ³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of phosphocreatine post-exercise recovery in human and animal skeletal muscle. The corresponding results provide experimental evidences about the role exerted by cytosolic pH on oscillations. Finally a new simple non-linear mathematical model describing the overall chemical reaction of phosphocreatine recovery predicting oscillatory recovery pattern under certain experimental conditions is presented and discussed in the light of the experimental results reported so far.     

Algal Population Growth Model Integrated with Toxicokinetics for Ecological Risk Assessment under Time-Varying Pesticide Exposure

An algal population growth model integrated with toxicokinetics was developed for assessing the effect of pesticides on population dynamics. This model is a simple one-compartment, first-order kinetic model in which toxicity (growth inhibition and mortality) depends on the intracellular effective concentration of a pesticide at a target site. The model's parameters were derived using an experimental study that investigated the effects of pretilachlor, bensulfuron-methyl, pentoxazone, and quinoclamine on the growth, mortality, and subsequent population recovery of the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Modeled and measured trajectories of algal population dynamics agreed well. The effect on population recovery was underestimated by the model that ignored the toxicokinetics. The four tested herbicides had a variety of toxicity characteristics and physicochemical properties, indicating the wide range of the model's applicability. Moreover, the developed model and the obtained model's parameters were extrapolated to predict long-term algal population dynamics under time-varying herbicide exposure. The calculated integral biomass lost compared with the control was considered a quantitative index of the population-level ecological risk. The model's prediction showed that the same exposure level (peak concentration is equivalent to EC50) indicated much different population-level effect depending on the herbicide.     

The effect of apoptosis inhibitors on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: apoptosis as a regulatory factor

The effect of apoptosis inhibitors on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis, was investigated by intraperitoneal or intracisternal administration of apoptosis inhibitors Ac-YVAD-cmk and zVAD-fmk. After onset of the disease, these agents had no suppressive effect on EAE and resulted in impaired recovery or earlier relapse. Histological examination revealed that administration of zVAD-fmk suppressed the apoptotic death of inflammatory cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice with EAE. The results indicated that the apoptotic elimination of infiltrated cells in the CNS might be one of the recovery mechanisms in EAE.     

Selective separation of biobutanol from acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation broth by means of sorption methodology based on a novel macroporous resin

The traditional distillation method for recovery of butanol from fermentation broth is an energy-intensive process. Separation of butanol based on adsorption methodology has advantages in terms of biocompatibility and stability, as well as economy, and therefore gains much attention. However, the application of the commercial adsorbents in the integrated acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process is restricted due to the low recovery (less than 85%) and the weak capability of enrichment in the eluent (3-4 times). In this study, we investigated the sorption properties of butanol onto three kinds of adsorbents with different polarities developed in our laboratory, that is, XD-41, H-511, and KA-I resin. The sorption behaviors of single component and ABE ternary mixtures presented in the fermentation broths on KA-I resin were investigated. KA-I resin had higher affinity for butanol than for acetone, ethanol, glucose, acetic acid, and butyric acid. Multicomponent ABE sorption on KA-I resin was modeled using a single site extended Langmuir isotherm model. In a desorption study, all the adsorbed components were desorbed in one bed volume of methanol, and the recovery of butanol from KA-I resin was 99.7%. The concentration of butanol in the eluent was increased by a factor of 6.13. In addition, KA-I resin was successfully regenerated by two bed volumes of water. Because of its quick sorption, high sorption capacity, low cost, and ease of desorption and regeneration, KA-I resin exhibits good potential for compatibility with future ABE fermentation coupled with in situ recovery product removal techniques.