汞对小麦种子活力和萌发代谢的影响

研究Ｈｇ＾２＋对小麦种子活力、幼苗生长、呼吸及淀粉酶、脂肪酶和转氨酶活力的影响。结果表明,Ｈｇ＾２＋能抑制种子萌发过程中淀粉酶、脂肪酶和转氨酶活性,抑制幼苗生长和呼吸代谢,降低种子活力,但浓度低时,在萌发初期有短暂促进作用。     

低温和长时间储藏对烟草种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

以长时间贮藏和当年收获的烟草品种‘红花大金元’裸种为材料, 研究了16℃条件对烟草种子萌发、幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明, 当年收获种子在25℃下萌发率最高, 为95.9%, 长时间贮藏(15 年)种子在16℃下最低, 为67.8%; 长时间贮藏和低温均能显著降低种子的发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数。当年收获种子在25℃下根长度最长, 为2.71 cm, 长时间贮藏(15 年)种子在16℃下最低, 为0.91 cm, 长时间贮藏和低温均能抑制幼苗的根系生长。同一温度(16℃)下, 长时间贮藏和当年收获种子的SOD 和POD 活性差异不显著; 同一贮藏时间下, 低温和常温条件下种子幼苗SOD 和POD 活性均达差异显著水平。由此可见, 低温和长时间贮藏都能抑制种子的萌发和生长, 低温能显著降低幼苗抗氧化酶活性。     

磺胺对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

初步探讨了磺胺对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。研究表明,用低浓度（＜6.0mg/L)的磺胺溶液浸泡小麦种子,能显著增加幼苗的根重,根长和根冠比,提高根系活力和叶片叶绿素的含量,降低幼苗的苗高,苗重,但对发芽率影响不大。高浓度（＞10．0mg/L)和安则强烈抑制小麦幼苗根,芽的生长,并导致幼苗形态的不良变化。     

多裂骆驼蓬提取物对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

通过室内培养和盆栽土培试验研究了多裂骆驼蓬提取物对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明,多裂骆驼蓬总生物碱提取液、水溶性生物碱提取液和脂溶性生物碱提取液浸种均抑制黄瓜种子萌发过程中淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性,种子活力和萌发速率降低,呼吸速率减慢;幼苗生长过程中根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性升高,叶绿素含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性提高。说明用多裂骆驼蓬提取液浸种能够促进黄瓜幼苗生长,有利于培育壮苗。     

臭氧水浸种对黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

臭氧水处理10、30和50 min后的黄瓜种子,种子萌发及幼苗生长均受到促进,种子的发芽率和活力指数、萌发种子的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和淀粉酶的活性以及呼吸速率、幼苗的壮苗指数和根系活力均有提高;处理70和90min的黄瓜种子萌发和生长则受到抑制,种子电解质外渗,过氧化氢酶和淀粉酶活性下降.     

一氧化氮对水分胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以0.4mol/L的甘露醇(M)模拟水分胁迫状况,研究了外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对水分胁迫下玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)水分胁迫下,玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长受到抑制,叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、质膜相对透性、脯氨酸含量均显著增加;(2)SNP能显著提高水分胁迫下玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,增加玉米幼苗的根长、茎长、根重和整株干重,抑制水分胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片MDA含量的上升,降低叶片质膜相对透性,降低脯氨酸含量。其中以100μmol/L和200μmol/LSNP对水分胁迫的缓解效果最佳。     

硝酸镧提高黑麦草种子活力和幼苗生物量的生理效应

研究了不同浓度硝酸镧对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响及其生理生化变化。结果表明,低浓度硝酸镧（1000mg·L^-1）处理能够提高黑麦草种子的活力和萌发种子的淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性及IAA、GA和CTK含量;促进幼苗光合速率提高和干物质积累,这可能与硝酸镧提高幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿体希尔反应活力,促进光合电子传递和磷酸化反应及激活Rubisco羧化活性、PEP羧化酶活性有密切关系,其中以30mg．L^-1浓度处理的效果最佳;高浓度硝酸镧（70-100mg·L-1）处理则降低种子活力和抑制幼苗生长。而10-100mg．L-1硝酸镧对种子的萌发率、ABA含量和Rubisco的加氧活性影响不大。由此可见,低浓度硝酸镧可通过参与萌发和光合过程的调控提高黑麦草种子的活力,促进幼苗生长。     

盐胁迫下黄芩种子萌发及幼苗对外源抗坏血酸的生理响应

以黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)种子为材料,用氯化钠(Na Cl)模拟盐胁迫条件,采用纸上发芽,研究外源抗坏血酸(As A)对盐胁迫下黄芩种子萌发及幼苗的影响。结果表明,在80 mmol·L-1 Na Cl胁迫下,黄芩种子萌发及幼苗生理指标受到显著抑制;0.50 mmol·L-1 As A处理可显著提高盐胁迫下黄芩种子的发芽势(GE)、发芽率(GR)、发芽指数(GI)、简化活力指数(SVI)以及根系总黄酮、可溶性糖和脯氨酸(Pro)含量,同时也可显著提高幼苗根系活力和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。这说明适宜浓度的抗坏血酸能提高黄芩种子的萌发能力和幼苗对盐胁迫的适应能力,从而起到缓解盐胁迫对种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用。     

外源NO 对Cd 胁迫下娃娃菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的保护效应

为探讨外源一氧化氮(NO)对镉(Cd)胁迫下娃娃菜(Brassica pekinensis)的保护效应, 采用0、50、100、200、500 和1000 μmol·L–1 的外源NO 供体硝普钠(SNP)对100 和200 mg·L–1 CdCl2 胁迫下的娃娃菜种子进行处理, 分析其对种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明: Cd 胁迫抑制娃娃菜种子萌发和幼苗生长, 幼苗叶片叶绿素(Chl)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量显著降低, 丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率(REC)显著上升, 幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化加速。不同浓度的SNP处理, 不仅能提高Cd 胁迫下娃娃菜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数, 促进幼苗生长, 而且能抑制MDA含量上升, 降低叶片REC, 增加Chl 和脯氨酸(Pro)含量, 增强抗氧化酶活性。外源NO 可缓解Cd 胁迫对娃娃菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用, 缓解Cd胁迫引起的膜脂过氧化, 提高抗Cd能力, 其中以200 μmol·L–1 SNP对Cd胁迫的缓解效果较好。     

磷、铜及其相互作用对三叶草种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

通过水培实验研究了施加P对Cu2 胁迫下三叶草种子萌发活力、幼苗生物量、光合色素含量以及电导率的影响.重金属Cu2 (0～20mg·L-1)显著抑制了三叶草种子萌发和幼苗生长.但当施加0.06%的P后,明显提高了cu2 胁迫下的三叶草种子萌发率,促进了幼苗的生长,生物量、光合色素含量显著增加,同时幼苗叶片细胞膜透性极显著下降.可见,外施一定量P能缓解过量Cu2 对三叶草的毒害.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.