共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
虫瘿多样性及其与寄主植物和环境间关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
虫瘿是自然界极常见的生物现象,凝聚着昆虫与植物间显著、复杂而密切的协同关系。本文主要阐述了致瘿昆虫的主要类群及其在植物上的致瘿部位、虫瘿外部形态、虫瘿发育过程、虫瘿内部结构、虫瘿寄主植物多样性以及虫瘿空间分布规律等,探讨了致瘿昆虫和寄主植物间相互关系,以及影响虫瘿空间分布的环境因素等。最后对目前虫瘿生物学存在的问题及以后的研究方向进行了讨论,以期为有害虫瘿的控制和有益虫瘿的开发与利用,以及致瘿昆虫与寄主植物间协同演化关系、致瘿昆虫的致瘿机理等研究奠定一定的理论基础。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
虫瘿是植物受致瘿昆虫产卵和取食等刺激而异常生长形成的不正常组织。营养假说认为虫瘿组织营养物质的含量高于寄主植物的成瘿部位,而次生代谢产物的含量低于寄主植物的成瘿部位。向川安瘿蜂(Andricus mukaigawae)属膜翅目(Hymenoptera)瘿蜂科(Cynipidae),在白栎(Quercus fabri)枝条上形成虫瘿。本文基于非靶向代谢组,使用高效液相色谱-质谱检测、鉴定和比较向川安瘿蜂幼虫期虫瘿与寄主植物成瘿枝的代谢物。研究结果表明,向川安瘿蜂虫瘿和成瘿枝的代谢物组成存在差异;虫瘿的脂肪含量均高于成瘿枝,虫瘿的4种单宁和4种黄酮物质的含量均低于成瘿枝,这支持营养假说;虫瘿的氨基酸含量均低于成瘿枝,部分酚类物质的含量高于成瘿枝,这不支持营养假说。 相似文献
5.
6.
致瘿昆虫对寄主植物生理和代谢的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
虫瘿是致瘿昆虫刺激植物后诱导形成的畸形结构,是研究植物与昆虫协同进化的理想材料,同时致瘿昆虫通常还是重要的农林害虫。因此,研究致瘿昆虫对寄主植物的影响,一方面可进一步揭示致瘿昆虫与植物的关系,有助于揭示成瘿植物生长的一般过程;另一方面,了解成瘿植物对致瘿昆虫的响应有助于筛选植物抗性指标、抗性基因、敏感基因等,为抗性育种提供理论基础。本文主要围绕致瘿昆虫对寄主植物光合作用、生理和代谢活动的影响等进行了综述。致瘿昆虫普遍引起寄主植物光合色素减少、光合速率降低,虫瘿内部组织中糖类、氨基酸类等初生代谢物质含量增加,虫瘿外部组织中酚类、黄酮类等非挥发性和萜类为主的挥发性次生代谢物质含量增加,寄主植物POD和SOD等保护酶活性增强,以及IAA, SA和JA等植物激素含量提高。现有研究资料显示,致瘿昆虫对寄主植物生理和代谢影响的研究仍处于初级阶段,其影响机制还需要进一步研究。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
昆虫消化酶抑制剂与害虫防治 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
生物源昆虫消化酶抑制剂主要包括蛋白酶抑制剂和淀粉酶抑制剂。昆虫消化酶抑制剂能通过降低或抑制昆虫蛋白酶或淀粉酶的活性,而影响昆虫的正常生长发育,使其生长缓慢,虚弱,甚至导致死亡。本文就生物源昆虫消化酶抑制剂对昆虫生化、生理代谢和生长发育的影响,消化酶抑制剂的作用机理,植物中昆虫消化酶抑制剂的诱导产生等进行了介绍。同时,探讨了生物源蛋白酶和淀粉酶抑制剂在害虫防治中的应用前景。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
Insect pheromones 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The evidence for intraspecies chemical communication in insects is reviewed, with emphasis on those studies where known organic compounds have been implicated. These signal-carrying chemicals are known as pheromones. There are two distinct types of pheromones, releasers and primers. Releaser pheromones initiate immediate behavioral responses in insects upon reception, while primer pheromones cause physiological changes in an animal that ultimately result in a behavior response. Chemically identified releaser pheromones are of three basic types: those which cause sexual attraction, alarm behavior, and recruitment. Sex pheromones release the entire repertoire of sexual behavior. Thus a male insect may be attracted to and attempt to copulate with an inanimate object that has sex pheromone on it. It appears that most insects are rather sensitive and selective for the sex pheromone of their species. Insects show far less sensitivity and chemospecificity for alarm pheromones. Alarm selectivity is based more on volatility than on unique structural features. Recruiting pheromones are used primarily in marking trails to food sources. Terrestrial insects lay continuous odor trails, whereas bees and other airborne insects apply the substances at discrete intervals. It appears that a complex pheromone system is used by the queen bee in the control of worker behavior. One well-established component of this system is a fatty acid, 9-ketodecenoic acid, produced by the queen and distributed among the workers. This compound prevents the development of ovaries in the workers and inhibits their queen-rearing activities. In addition, the same compound is used by virgin queen bees as a sex attractant. 相似文献
16.
Insect chemoreception 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Insect chemoreception is mediated by a large and diverse superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain receptors. These receptors were first identified in Drosophila, but have since been found in other insects, including mosquitoes and moths. Expression and functional analysis of these receptors have been used to identify receptor ligands and to map receptors to functional classes of neurons. Many receptors detect general odorants or tastants, whereas some detect pheromones. The non-canonical receptor Or83b, which is highly conserved across insect orders, dimerizes with odorant and pheromone receptors and is required for efficient localization of these proteins to dendrites of sensory neurons. These studies provide a foundation for understanding the molecular and cellular basis of olfactory and gustatory coding. 相似文献
17.
19.
20.