基于叶形特征的切花菊品种鉴别北大核心CSCD

通过测定、计算获得40个切花菊品种叶片的6个定性分级性状及叶片的长宽比、尖削度、裂片长宽比、裂片开张度等14个叶形结构参数。以6个定性分级性状为变量,用聚类法选取叶形相似性大的18个切花菊品种,通过多元判别分析法对18个品种叶片的形态结构参数进行数值化鉴别。结果表明,18个叶形相似的品种多元判别的平均拟合率为88.28%,达到了判别品种的目的。说明根据叶形的测量数据能对切花菊品种进行有效鉴别。     

基于叶形特征的切花菊品种鉴别

通过测定、计算获得40个切花菊品种叶片的6个定性分级性状及叶片的长宽比、尖削度、裂片长宽比、裂片开张度等14个叶形结构参数。以6个定性分级性状为变量,用聚类法选取叶形相似性大的18个切花菊品种,通过多元判别分析法对18个品种叶片的形态结构参数进行数值化鉴别。结果表明,18个叶形相似的品种多元判别的平均拟合率为88．28％,达到了判别品种的目的。说明根据叶形的测量数据能对切花菊品种进行有效鉴别。     

麻雀身体大小的性二态和基于身体量度的性别判定

身体大小的性二态是鸟类中较为普遍的现象。性二态的研究是理解性选择的关键,也能为性二态鸟类的野外快速性别判定提供依据。麻雀Passer montanus通常被认为是一种性单态鸟类,野外很难通过外在特征识别性别,有关麻雀性二态和性别判定的研究很少。2017—2018年每年的1—3月,在甘肃省庆阳市陇东学院校园内用雾网捕捉到67只麻雀成鸟,并测量了这些麻雀的10个身体量度。通过观察生殖腺鉴定了性别,确定为31只雄鸟和36只雌鸟。结果发现,总体上麻雀身体量度存在显著的两性差异(MANOVA:Pillai's Trace=0.492,F_(10,56)=5.426,P0.001),雄鸟的全长、尾长、翅长、跗跖长和中趾长显著大于雌鸟(t-test:P0.05)。利用这5个身体量度变量构建判别方程来判定麻雀性别,发现:在所有的单变量判别方程中,翅长构建的判别方程具有最高的性别判定准确率,达77.6%;由5个身体量度变量构建的典型判别方程,性别判定准确率为82.1%;而由全长和翅长构建的逐步判别方程,性别判定准确率为79.1%。麻雀存在身体大小的性二态,而这使得野外通过测量身体量度构建判别方程能较容易、准确地判定麻雀的性别。     

三个流变学方程对血液流动曲线的拟合和比较

本文应用Casson Bingham和Hershel-Balkey三个方程对血液流动曲线进行了拟合和比较,从理论上和实用性上证明,其中以Casson方程为最优.此外还对以上三个方程参数间的相关性进行了研究,特别是对Casson方程参数的微血液流变学因素进行了探讨.     

大蒜品种生态型性状指标分析

在用１２个生态性状对大蒜生态型进行数量分类的基础上,采用主成分分析和判别分析的方法,分析了区分不同生态型的性状指标,主成分分析表明,越冬期叶片生长量。叶片受冻比率和秋,春播叶片数差比（Ｘ９）在各生态型中比较稳定,可做为区分各生态型的代表性状,判别分析筛选出抽薹指数和Ｘ９为判别各生态型的性状,用这２个性状建立的分类函数回判后,判准率为９３．２％,研究结果还表明Ｘ９在生型型分类中有重要意义。     

杉木,台湾杉,香杉逐步判别分析

通过对杉木、台湾杉、香杉２２个种源的叶长、叶宽、叶厚、维管束的宽与厚、栅栏组织厚、机械组织厚、表皮厚和气孔数等９个叶性状进行逐步判别分析,选取栅栏组织厚（Ｘ６）、叶长（Ｘ１）和叶厚（Ｘ３）三个重要因子,建立优化判别方程：Ｆ１（台湾杉）＝－２３５．８７１４＋１７．３１０４Ｘ６＋２６．３５８７Ｘ１＋５．０９４６Ｘ３Ｆ２（杉木）＝－５６４．９２５９＋７８．４２５４Ｘ３＋９３．１９２３Ｘ１＋０．６２９５Ｘ     

杉木、台湾杉、香杉逐步判别分析

通过对杉木、台湾杉、香杉２２个种源的叶长、叶宽、叶厚、维管束的宽与厚、栅栏组织厚、机械组织厚、表皮厚和气孔数等９个叶性状进行逐步判别分析,选取栅栏组织厚（Ｘ＿６）、叶长（Ｘ＿１）和叶厚（Ｘ＿３）三个重要因子,建立优化判别方程：Ｆ＿１（台湾杉）＝－２３５．８７１４＋１７．３１０４Ｘ＿６＋２６．３５８７Ｘ＿１＋５．９０４６Ｘ＿３Ｆ＿２（杉木）＝－５６４．９２５９＋７８．４２５４Ｘ＿６＋９３．１９２３Ｘ＿１＋０．６２９５Ｘ＿３Ｆ＿３（香杉）＝－３４９．４２０５＋６４．１９２６Ｘ＿６＋６２．６４７９Ｘ＿１＋０．８９６９Ｘ＿３定量地区分这三个树种,旨在对逐步判别分析法在树种分类上的应用进行探讨。     

水/乙醇混合溶剂中的阿奇霉素结晶动力学

利用粒数密度和粒度之间的关系判别晶体生长模型;采用间歇动态法,以粒数衡算方程、溶质质量守恒和McCabe定律为基础,利用Beer-Lambert定律,借助光学关联的方法,建立了包含透光率变量的伴有成核和晶体生长的动力学模型;通过在线测量溶液密度与透光率数据,采用非线性最小二乘法拟合得到了晶体成核和生长动力学经验方程,并以实时浓度为目标验证了动力学参数的准确性以及模型表达式的正确性。     

梨冠网蝽数学形态特征的提取与分析

【目的】利用图像处理技术获取昆虫外部数学形态特征,并用于雌雄个体判别,对其远程鉴定具有重要意义。本研究的目的是通过对图像获取技术的研究,获得梨冠网蝽Stephanitis nash Esaki et Takeya雌雄个体差异的参数指标。【方法】利用中国农业大学IPMist实验室开发的BugShape(v1.0)软件对梨冠网蝽成虫的外部数学形态特征进行提取,并使用SPSS(v22.0)对数据进行分析。【结果】扫描分辨率高低对部分参数有显著影响,其中周长、中胸宽、中胸宽/腹宽等参数随着分辨率的增加而增大。软件自动测量参数(面积、等效圆半径、偏心率、紧凑度、圆形度)和手动测量参数(中胸宽、腹宽、体长/中胸宽、体长/腹宽、中胸宽/腹宽)在雌雄个体间存在显著差异。在4800dpi时,手动测量梨冠网蝽的体长为2.25mm左右,雌性成虫的中胸宽和腹宽分别比雄性成虫宽0.02mm和0.19mm。在1200dpi分辨率下,利用手动测量参数对雌雄个体进行判别时,交叉验证判别正确率达99%,仅使用自动测量参数进行判别时,交叉验证判别的正确率为79%,而同时使用两类参数时,交叉验证判别正确率为97%。【结论】利用图像处理技术对梨冠网蝽进行雌雄识别时扫描的最佳分辨率为1200dpi,获取到的部分参数在雌雄个体间存在显著差异,可以作为判别其两性的参考指标。     

板栗和锥栗天然同域居群的叶表型变异研究

对分布于湖北省秭归县境内的一个由169株板栗（Castanea mollissima）和281株锥栗（C.henryi）组成的天然同域居群的20个叶表型性状的变异进行了研究。根据叶片背面和叶柄的被毛情况及叶缘形状3个定性性状,在总共450个个体中,共得到18个（4%）中间过渡类型个体。利用17个数量性状进行逐步判别分析（SDA）表明：根据定性性状得到的中间型个体中分别有7个和11个被归入板栗和锥栗;板栗和锥栗在叶形上的差异较大,有8个数量性状被选入判别方程,判别方程对板栗和锥栗的判别准确率都达93%以上,判别结果较为理想;综合20个表型性状进行主成分分析（PCA）,构建了3个主成分,主成分1和2的贡献率分别为53.5%和18.7%,累计贡献率达72.2%。前2个主成分的散布图中,有6个（1/3）中间型个体位于板栗和锥栗的重叠分布区域,可能是二者之间存在杂交的表型证据。     

低氧对新生大鼠脾单个核细胞DNA合成及转化的影响

本研究以荧光法测定脾单个核细胞ＤＮＡ合成及ＭＴＴ比色法测定的脾单个核细胞对ＣｏｎＡ的增殖反应,观察模拟高原低氧对出生后１４天大鼠上述两指标的影响,同时也观察了交感神经和副交感神经的活动状态,以初步探讨低氧对上述两指标的作用是如何介导的。结果表明：５ｋｍ海拔高度低氧作用２４ｈ不抑制脾单个细胞ＤＮＡ合成及脾单个核细胞转化,而作用５天时则抑制ＤＮＡ合成及脾单个核细胞转化,分别为对照组的５６．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和８６．８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;７ｋｍ海拔高度低氧作用２４ｈ,ＤＮＡ合成及脾单个核细胞转化均受抑制,分别为对照组的６１．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和８１．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;７ｋｍ海拔２４ｈ低氧导致脾脏中乙酰胆碱下降,儿茶酚胺升高;用ＤＳＰ－４中枢药理性损毁ＮＥ神经元,可使脾单个核细胞ＤＮＡ合成的抑制程度减弱,脾脏中儿茶酚胺含量下降。这些结果表明低氧可抑制新生大鼠脾单个核细胞的ＤＮＡ合成及转化,并可能与交感神经兴奋及副交感神经抑制有关     

膀胱肿瘤DNA含量、核形态学特点与AgNORs计数的研究

应用图像分析技术对４３例膀胱肿瘤细胞ＤＮＡ含量和核形态参数进行了定量测定,同时进行核仁组成区（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ）计数研究,结果表明：肿瘤细胞的ＤＮＡ含量及干系水平与组织学分级基本一致,ＤＮＡ含量及干系水平越高,则恶性程度越高,ＤＮＡ含量与核面积及核最短直径的变化里正相关性,与ＡｇＮＯＲｓ的计数无明显相关性。这三项检测方法对肿瘤生物学行为判断均有重要的参考价值。     

NEGATIVE STAINING AND ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF ANNULATE LAMELLAE OF NEWT OOCYTES

Semi-isolated annulate lamellae were prepared from single newt oocytes (Triturus alpestris) by a modified Callan-Tomlin technique. Such preparations were examined with the electron microscope, and the negative staining appearance of the annulate lamellae is described. The annulate lamellae can be detected either adhering to the nuclear envelope or being detached from it. Sometimes they are observed to be connected with slender tubular-like structures interpreted as parts of the endoplasmic reticulum. The results obtained from negative staining are combined with those from sections. Especially, the structural data on the annulate lamellae and the nuclear envelope of the very same cell were compared. Evidence is presented that in the oocytes studied the two kinds of porous cisternae, namely annulate lamellae and nuclear envelope, are markedly distinguished in that the annulate lamellae exhibit a much higher pore frequency (generally about twice that found for the corresponding nuclear envelope) and have also a relative pore area occupying as much as 32% to 55% of the cisternal surface (compared with 13% to 22% in the nuclear envelopes). The pore diameter and all other ultrastructural details of the pore complexes, however, are equivalent in both kinds of porous cisternae. Like the annuli of the nuclear pore complexes of various animal and plant cells, the annuli of the annulate lamellae pores reveal also an eightfold symmetry of their subunits in negatively stained as well as in sectioned material. Furthermore, the annulate lamellae are shown to be a site of activity of the Mg-Na-K-stimulated ATPase.     

尖孢镰刀菌四个专化型细胞核的初步研究

本文对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的4个专化型12株菌的孢子萌发、核分裂时间及核DNA含量进行了比较,结果表明:不同专化型菌株孢子萌发速度基本一致,而萌发过程中发生第一次核分裂的时间不同。黄瓜、西瓜、荸荠、大豆各专化型第一次核分裂时间分别为:5.67hr、5.45hr、7.35hr、7.82hr,其核DNA含量分别为:0.321pg、o.306pg、0.177pg 0.174pg。测定结果显示出不同专化型菌株的孢子核DNA含量可能存在倍数关系,并推测F.oxysporum的黄瓜专化型与西瓜专化型为同一类型,而荸荠专化型与大豆专化型为同一类型。     

CELLULAR AND NUCLEAR VOLUME DURING THE CELL CYCLE OF NHIK 3025 CELLS

The distribution of cellular and nuclear volume in synchronous populations of NHIK 3025 cells, which derive from a cervix carcinoma, have been measured by electronic sizing during the first cell cycle after mitotic selection. Cells given an X-ray dose of 580 rad in G₁, were also studied. During the entire cell cycle the volume distribution of both cells and nuclei is an approximately Gaussian peak with a relative width at half maximum of about 30%. About half of this width is due to imperfect synchrony whereas the rest is associated with various time invariant factors. During S the mean volume of the cells grows exponentially whereas the nuclear volume increases faster than for exponential kinetics. Hence, although cellular and nuclear volumes are closely correlated, their ratio does not remain constant during the cell cycle. Volume growth during the first half of G₁ is negligible especially for nuclei where the growth appears to be closely associated with DNA-synthesis. For unirradiated cells the growth of cellular and nuclear volume is negligible also during G₂+ M. In contrast, the X-irradiated cells continue to grow during the 6 hr mitotic delay with a rate that is constant and about half of that observed in late S. Hence, radiation induced mitotic delay does not appear merely as a lengthening of an otherwise normal G₂. During G₁ and S the irradiated cells were identical to unirradiated ones with respect to all the parameters measured.     

蓝氏贾第虫核被膜缺口的电镜观寨

双滴虫类是迄今所知的现存最原始的真核生物类群。以蓝氏贾第虫作为双滴虫类的代表,对其细胞核进行了电镜观察。除了未见有核仁外,还发现其核被膜的横切面上存在有缺口。在缺口的边缘处,核内膜与校外膜是相互连接着的,表明并非切片时所造成的假象。核被膜缺口处常有一核纤层样的薄层分隔核质与细胞质。用高锰酸钾固定细胞以求只保存膜结构时,核被膜缺口仍然可见,上述的薄层即未见到。核被膜缺口的发现证实了李靖炎（１９７９）的核被膜起源假说所作出的推断。     

ANALYSIS OF GROWTH OF TETRAPLOID NUCLEI IN ROOTS OF VICIA FABA

Growth of nuclei of a marked population of cells was determined from G₁ to prophase in roots of Vicia faba. the cells were marked by inducing them to become tetraploid by treatment with 0.002% colchicine for 1 hr. Variation in nuclear volume is large; it is established in early G₁ and maintained through interphase and into prophase. One consequence of this variation is that there is considerable overlap between volumes of nuclei of different ages in the cell cycle; nuclear volume, we suggest, cannot be used as an accurate indicator of the age of the cell in its growth cycle. Nuclei exhibit considerable variation in their growth rate through the cell cycle. of the marked population of cells, about 65% had completed a cell cycle 14–15 hr after they were formed. These tetraploid nuclei have a cell cycle duration similar to that of fast cycling diploid cells of the same roots. Since they do complete a cell cycle, at least 65% of the nuclei studied must come from rapidly proliferating cells, showing that variability in nuclear volumes must be present in growing cells and cannot be attributed solely to the presence, in our samples, of non-cycling cells.     

利用流式细胞光度术鉴定苹果倍性的研究

利用流式细胞光度术测定了苹果１２个二倍体,５个三倍体细胞ＤＮＡ含量。结果表明：二倍体细胞核ＤＮＡ含量平均为２．２７ｐｇ,三倍体细胞核ＤＮＡ含量平均为３．１３ｐｇ。     

Diagnostic use of mean nuclear area and nuclear DNA content in preoperative breast cancer cytology

OBJECTIVE: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of breast lumps is a routine procedure, and the diagnostic accuracy can be 95%. Occasional discrepancies arise, and it would be valuable to have additional parameters for accurate diagnosis. We evaluated nuclear DNA content and mean nuclear area (MNA) using image cytometry in the diagnosis of preoperative breast cancers by FNA in those with a discrepancy between clinical, radiologic and cytologic diagnoses. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred eighteen consecutive preoperative FNA samples were evaluated for nuclear DNA and MNA and were compared to cytologic and postoperative histologic diagnoses. RESULTS: Sensitivity, accuracy and positive predictive value of routine cytology were 95%, 90%, 95% as compared to nuclear DNA (66%, 66%, 96%) and MNA (61%, 61%, 97%). Combining these 3 parameters gave a sensitivity of 97%, accuracy of 94% and positive predictive value of 99%. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that nuclear DNA and MNA combined with routine cytology may be useful adjuncts in preoperative breast cancer cytologic diagnosis when discrepancies arise. This may lead to better and more accurate planning of treatment regimens in preoperative breast cancer patients.