外来人侵害虫——西花蓟马在山东省不同地区主要花卉上的分布

【背景】外来入侵害虫西花蓟马于2003年首次在北京郊区被发现,并逐渐扩散蔓延,目前已在我国局部地区暴发成灾。【方法】于2008～2009年通过定点调查的方法对山东省115个地区258个样点的主要花卉上的蓟马种类进行了分析。【结果】山东省主要花卉上发生的蓟马有11种,包括花蓟马、黄胸蓟马、黄蓟马、西花蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、禾花蓟马、横纹蓟马、腹小头蓟马、黑白纹蓟马、油加律带蓟马等,其优势种为花蓟马。外来入侵害虫西花蓟马在山东省18个地区的花卉上被发现。其中,荣成市区发生最重,占蓟马采集总量的51．86％;德州市区和青岛市区发生次之,分别占蓟马采集总量的34．21％和33．88％;其他地区西花蓟马发生量占采集总量的1．39％～18．75％。【结论与意义】西花蓟马已在山东省定殖并广泛分布,相关部门应做好西花蓟马的预防与控制工作。     

温度对西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)生长发育和存活率的影响

在15、20、25℃和30℃,RH75％的条件下,分析了温度与西花蓟马发育速率的关系,并测定了西花蓟马的发育起点温度、有效积温和存活率。结果表明：在15～30℃范围内,西花蓟马各虫期的发育速率随温度的升高而加快;用直接最优法对发育起点温度和有效积温进行估算,求得西花蓟马的卵、若虫、预蛹和伪蛹及世代发育起点温度分别为5．70、7．04、4．49、6．84℃和6．23℃;世代的有效积温为219．73d·℃。西花蓟马的世代存活率在25℃时最高,为40．12％;30℃时西花蓟马的存活率最低,为17．80％。     

应用实验种群生命表评价巴氏新小绥螨对西花蓟马的控制能力

以西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis（Pergande）（Thysanoptera,Thripidae）一龄若虫为猎物组建巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri（Hughes）（Acari：Phytoseiidae）实验种群生命表,获得净生殖力Ro=27．37,世代平均历期T=22．17天,内禀增长率rm=0．15,周限增长率λ=1．16,种群倍增所需时间t=4．64天等参数。将获得参数值与西花蓟马的相关参数值进行比较,巴氏新小绥螨瞬间增长率大于西花蓟马的瞬间增长率（0．14）,雌成螨日取食7～12头西花蓟马一龄若虫,表明巴氏新小绥螨可以作为控制西花蓟马种群数量的有效天敌。     

中国率管蓟马属一新种记述(缨翅目:管蓟马科)

记述中国率管蓟马属1新种——海南率管蓟马Litotetothrips hainanensis,sp．nov．。模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆(NWSUAF)。     

中国小头蓟马属二新种：缨翅目：蓟马科

西方记述了中国小头蓟马属Ｍｉｃｒｏｅｐｈａｌｏｔｈｒｉｐｓ２新种－中华小头蓟马Ｍ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

中国简管蓟马属一新种记述(缨翅目:管蓟马科)

本文记述采自内蒙古的简管蓟马属Ｈａｐｌｏｔｈｒｉｐｓ Ａｍｙｏｔ ｅｔ Ｓｅｒｖｉｌｌｉｅ一新种，即短鬃简管蓟马Ｈ．ｂｒｅｖｉｓｅｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

指蓟马属一新种及一新记录种：缨翅目：蓟马科

本文记述中国周氏指蓟马Ｃｈｉｒｏｔｈｒｉｐｓｓｐ．ｃｈｏｕｉ，ｎｏｖ．和１新记录种：喇嘛指蓟马Ｃｈｉｒｏｔｈｒｉｐｓｒａｍａｋｒｉｓｈｎａｉ。标本均保存在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

腰果花期蓟马及其为害的评估

目前已知有几种为害腰果的蓟马，分布于世界各腰果产区(Palmer等，1989)，但研究人员大多侧重于研究为害叶部的蓟马，其中主要种类为印度、泰国等地的红带网纹蓟马(荔枝网纹蓟马)Selenothrips rubrocinctus Giard(Ohler，1979)、Rhipiphorothrips cruentates Hood和Retithrips syriacus M.(Hari Babu等，1983)．     

广东省榕树虫瘿蓟马种类及营瘿蓟马寄主专一性调查

2013年对广东地区榕树虫瘿中的蓟马种类进行了调查,共发现榕母管蓟马Gynaikothrips ficorum(Marchal)、榕管蓟马Gynaikothrips uzeli(Zimmerman)、榕端宽管蓟马Mesothrips jordani Zimmermann、拉马棘腿管蓟马Androthrips ramachandrai Karny和黄胫棘腿管蓟马Androthrips monsterae(Moulton)5种管蓟马科种类,其中黄胫棘腿管蓟马为中国新纪录种。榕母管蓟马和榕管蓟马为营瘿蓟马,诱导初始虫瘿具有寄主专一性,榕母管蓟马是细叶榕Ficus microcarpa初始虫瘿的诱导者,而榕管蓟马仅在垂叶榕Ficus benjamina Linn.上诱导形成虫瘿;但当两种榕树种植在一起时,榕母管蓟马和榕管蓟马偶尔会入侵到对方成熟虫瘿中并与之生活在一起。榕端宽管蓟马属于盗寄生种类,而拉马棘腿管蓟马和黄胫棘腿管蓟马主要捕食营瘿蓟马的幼体(包括卵、若虫和"蛹"),三者均为寄居性蓟马,无寄主专一性。     

外来入侵害虫——西花蓟马在山东省不同地区主要花卉上的分布

【背景】外来入侵害虫西花蓟马于2003年首次在北京郊区被发现,并逐渐扩散蔓延,目前已在我国局部地区暴发成灾。【方法】于2008～2009年通过定点调查的方法对山东省115个地区258个样点的主要花卉上的蓟马种类进行了分析。【结果】山东省主要花卉上发生的蓟马有11种,包括花蓟马、黄胸蓟马、黄蓟马、西花蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、禾花蓟马、横纹蓟马、腹小头蓟马、黑白纹蓟马、油加律带蓟马等,其优势种为花蓟马。外来入侵害虫西花蓟马在山东省18个地区的花卉上被发现。其中,荣成市区发生最重,占蓟马采集总量的51.86%;德州市区和青岛市区发生次之,分别占蓟马采集总量的34.21%和33.88%;其他地区西花蓟马发生量占采集总量的1.39%～18.75%。【结论与意义】西花蓟马已在山东省定殖并广泛分布,相关部门应做好西花蓟马的预防与控制工作。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various