湖南6种毛莨科植物的核型研究

本文对产于湖南的６种毛莨科植物的染色体进行了研究。裂叶星果草［Ａｓｔｅｒｏｐｙｒｕｍｃａｖａｌｅｒｉｅｉ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｄｒｕｍｍ．ｅｔＨｕｔｃｈ．）的染色体属于Ｒ型,核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｔ,核型类型属于ＺＢ;打破碗花花（ＡｎｅｍｏｎｅｈｕｐｅｈｎｓｉｓＬｅｍ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋４ｓｔ＋２ｔ（２ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于２Ａ;粗齿铁线莲［Ｃｌｅｍａｔｉｓａｐｉｉｆｏｌｉａｖａｒ．ａｒｇｅｎｔｉｌｕｃｉｄａ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｗ．Ｔ．Ｗａｎｇ］的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（２ｓａｔ）或２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（４ｓａｔ）随体染色体数目在居群之间有变化,核型类型属于２Ａ;扬子铁线莲［Ｃｌｅｍａｔｉｓｇａｎｉｐｉｎｉａｎａ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｔａｍｕｒａ］的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（４ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于２Ｂ;毛莨（ＲａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｃａｎｔｏｎｉｅｎｓｉｓＤＣ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝６ｍ＋４ｓｔ＋６ｓｔ（２ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于３Ａ;毛莨（ＲａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＴｈｕｎｂ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝?     

三种烟草属植物的核型分析

本文对三种烟草属植物进行了核型分析。粘烟草Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｇｌｕｔｉｎｏｓａ为二倍体,其核型可简式为：２ｎ＝２４＝１０Ｍ＋１０ｍ＋４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）;内索菲拉烟草Ｎ．ｎｅｓｏｐｈｉｌａ和斯托克通氏烟草Ｎ．ｓｔｏｃｋｔｏｎｉ可能均为双二倍体,其核型简式,前者为２ｎ＝４８＝６Ｍ＋２０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ,后者为２ｎ＝４８＝１４Ｍ＋１２ｍ＋１８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ。此外,作者对供试材料的染色体基数、倍性及随体等问题进行了初步讨论。     

辽宁地区产6种乌头的细胞分类学研究

对我国辽宁地区毛莨科乌头属６个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为Ｘ＝８,核型公式为：两色乌头：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ;蛇岛乌头为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝１０ｍ＋２０ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ＋２Ｂ;黄花乌头为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４ｍ＋１２ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｔ＋１Ｂ;北乌头三倍体为：２ｎ＝３ｘ＝２Ｍ＋４ｍ＋１８ｓｍ;北乌头４倍体为２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４ｍ＋２８ｓｍ。同时,对乌头属下     

五种珍珠菜的核型研究

本文对５种珍珠菜亚属植物进行了染色体数目及核型研究。其中瓣珍珠菜２ｎ＝２４＝１２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）、黑腺珍珠菜２ｎ＝２２＝２ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ＋１０ｔ、泽珍珠菜２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ和小叶珍珠菜２ｎ＝４８＝３４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ的染色体数目及核型为首次报道。中国九江产的红根草核型２ｎ＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）与日本产的核型２ｎ＝２４＝１８ｍ（１ＳＡＴ）     

国产沙参属五个种的核型研究

首次报道了５种国产沙参属（Ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒａ）植物的染色体数目和核型。北方沙参Ａ．ｂｏｒｅａｌｉｓＨｏｎｇｅｔＹ．Ｚ．Ｚｈａｏ的核型公式为２ｎ＝３４＝２８ｍ＋４ｓｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋２ｓｔ（２ｓａｔ）;雾灵沙参Ａ．ｗｕｌｉｎｇｓｈａｎｉｃａＨｏｎｇ的核型公式为２ｎ＝３４＝２６ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ或２ｎ＝３４＋１Ｂ＝２６ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋１Ｂ;秦岭沙参Ａ．ｐｅｔｉｏｌａｔａＰａｘｅｔＨｏｆｍ．的核型公式为２ｎ＝３４＝２６ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ或２ｎ＝３４＋１Ｂ＝２６ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋１Ｂ;裂叶沙参Ａ．ｌｏｂｏｐｈｙｌａＨｏｎｇ的核型公式为２ｎ＝３４＝２６ｍ＋４ｓｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋４ｓｔ或２ｎ＝３４＋２Ｂ＝２６ｍ＋４ｓｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋４ｓｔ＋２Ｂ。泡沙参Ａ．ｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉＫｏｒｓｈ的核型公式为２ｎ＝３４＝２８ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ。它们同以往报道的其它种的核型相似：以中部着丝点染色体（ｍ）为主,至少具一对近端着丝点染色体（ｓｔ）和一对随体染色体,核型的对称程度较高,着丝点端化值（Ｔ．Ｃ）为５８．４％～６２．０％。结合其它性状,讨论了裂叶沙参的特殊性     

青海南部七种翠雀属植物的核型

报道了采自青海南部７ 种翠雀属（ Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｉｕｍ Ｌ．） 植物的染色体数目和核型。大通翠雀花Ｄ．ｐｙｌｚｏｗｉｉ 的核型公式为２ｎ＝ １６ ＝ ２ｍ ＋ ４ｓｍ ＋ １０ｓｔ; 毛翠雀花Ｄ． ｔｒｉｃｈｏｐｈｏｒｕｍ 的核型公式为２ｎ＝ １６ ＝ ２ｍ ＋ ４ｓｍ ＋ １０ｓｔ; 蓝白翠雀花Ｄ．ａｌｂｏｃｏｅｒｕｌｕｍ 的核型公式为２ｎ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ｍ ＋ ４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ） ＋ １０ｓｔ; 囊谦翠雀花Ｄ． ｎａｎｇｃｈｉｅｎｅｎｓｅ 的核型公式为２ｎ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ｍ ＋ ６ｓｍ ＋ ８ｓｔ; 唐古拉翠雀花 Ｄ．ｔａｎｇｋｕｌａｅｎｓｅ 的核型公式为２ｎ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ｍ （２ＳＡＴ） ＋ ６ｓｍ ＋ ８ｓｔ; 单花翠雀花 Ｄ．ｃａｎｄｅｌａｂｒｕｍ ｖａｒ． ｍｏｎａｎｔｈｕｍ 的核型公式为２ｎ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ｍ ＋ ６ｓｍ ＋ ８ｓｔ; 展毛翠雀花Ｄ． ｋａｍａｏｅｎｓｅｖａｒ． ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ 的核型公式为２ｎ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ｍ ＋ ６ｓｍ ＋ ８ｓｔ; 前５ 种植物的染色体数目与核型为首次报道。     

栽培烟草的核型研究

研究了２种栽培烟草（普通烟草Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ Ｌ．和黄花烟草Ｎ．ｒｕｓｔｉｃａ Ｌ．）的六大栽培类型１０个品种的核型。结果表明：所有供试材料均为双二倍体。黄花烟草的‘黄花烟’品种的核型公式为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８＝４４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ。普通烟草９个品种的核型可简式为：‘白花铁杆’２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８＝３４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ;‘柳叶尖’２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８＝３４ｍ＋１０＋ｓ     

三个家猪品种和rob易位杂色体分带多态性的比较

对家猪不同品种及家系间的染色体组型、Ｃ－带、Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ多态性进行的研究表明：杜洛克猪：约克夏猪、长白猪体细胞染色体数２ｎ－３８、核型２ｎ＝１０ｓｍ＋１２ｍ＋４ｓｔ＋１２ｔ,而１３／１７易位纯合子猪（３６,ｒｏｂ．１３／１７）的体细胞染色体数２ｎ＝３６。核型２ｎ＝１０ｓｍ＋１２ｍ＋６ｓｔ＋８ｔ;１３／１７易位杂合子猪（３７,ｒｏｂ．１３／１７）的体细胞染色体数目为２ｎ＝３７,核型为２ｎ＝１０ｓｍ     

小檗科鬼臼亚科植物的核型研究

本文首次报道了中华山荷叶与川八角莲的核型,分别为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ＋２ｔ及Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）十４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｔ,核型类型均为ＺＡ型。本文报道的桃儿七及八角莲的核型与前人的结果有一定差异,前者为：Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝６ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｔ,２Ｂ型,后者为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｔ,为２Ａ型。本文分析了小檗科鬼臼亚科４个属共７种植物的核型,结果是该类植物的核型极为相似,染色体数目均为２ｎ＝１２,由８条ｍ或ｓｍ,２条ｓｔ以及２条ｔ染色体组成。核型的相似性反映了这类植物的亲缘关系,这４个属的植物是一个自然类群。但随着系统发育,核型的不对称性有所增加,其中以山荷叶属最为对称,八角莲属居中,桃儿七属与足叶草属最不对称。笔者认为,核型上的高度相似是该类植物在系统发育上不发达,属内种类稀少,通常为寡种属或单种属的重要原因。     

安徽黄精属的细胞分类学研究

本文首次报道黄精属ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍＭｉｌｌ我国三种特有植物的染色体数目和核型,结果如下：安徽黄精Ｐ．ａｎｈｕｉｅｎｓｅ发现两个细胞型：（１）２ｎ＝２４＝４ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ;（２）２ｎ＝２０＝４ｍ十６ｓｍ＋１０ｓｔ;　　黄精Ｐ．ｌａｎｇｙａｅｎｓｙ２ｎ＝１８＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｔ;距药黄精Ｐ．ｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉｉ有三个细胞型：（１）２ｎ＝２２＝８ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ｓｃ）＋６ｓｔ;（２）２ｎ＝２０＝２ｍ＋１４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ;（３）２ｎ＝１８＝４ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ＋２Ｔ,全部属３Ｂ核型。黄精属植物安徽共有１０种,本文对９种黄精的染色体数目、核型进行了比较研究,发现它们可划分成三个类群,与中国植物志（第十五卷）的形态分类基本相符。     

Cytological studies on six cyprinid fishes

The chromosome complements of six cyprinid fishes were studied, using the routine air-drying Giemsa staining technique. The diploid chromosome number recorded is 2n = 50 (8m+18sm+14st+10t) with NF = 90 in Aspidoparia morar, 2n = 50 (8m+12sm+12st+18t) with NF = 82 in Crossocheilus latius latius, 2n = 50 (6m+12sm–16st+16t) with NF = 90 in Labeo pangusia, 2n = 70 (16m+6sm+16st–32t) with NF = 108 in Perilampus atpar, 2n = 48 (4m+6st+38t) with NF = 58 in Puntius chrysopterus and 2n = 50 (2m+2sm+4st+42t) with NF = 58 in P. tetrarupagus. Sex chromosomes are not identifiable in any of these species. A pair of marker chromosomes has been observed in all species excepting A. morar.     

杂交鳢(斑鳢 ♀ ×乌鳢 ♂ )及其自交后代细胞核型初步分析

对杂交鳢(斑鳢♀×乌鳢♂)(Channa maculata ♀×C.argus ♂)及其自交后代的细胞核型进行了初步分析.结果表明,杂交鳢染色体数目为2n=45,核型公式为3m+4sm+6st+32t,染色体臂数(NF)为52;杂交鳢自繁后代群体存在两种染色体核型,一是染色体数目为45,核型公式为3m+4sm+6st+...     

Occurrence of multiple sexual chromosomes (XX/XY1Y2 and Z1Z1Z2Z2/Z1Z2W1W2) in catfishes of the genus Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin

Loricariid catfishes show a predominance of homomorphism in sex chromosomes, but cases of simple and multiple systems were also found. Here we describe two cases of multiple sex chromosome systems in loricariids from Brazilian Amazonia. Males of Ancistrus sp.1 "Balbina" have a modal number of 2n = 39 chromosomes, fundamental number (FN) of 78, and karyotypic formula of 27 m + 10 sm + 2 st; females have 2n = 38 chromosomes, FN = 76, and 26 m + 10 sm + 2 st. Ancistrus sp.2 "Barcelos" has 2n = 52 chromosomes for both sexes, FN = 80 for males and FN = 79 for females. Karyotypic formula is 12 m + 12 sm + 4 st + 24a for males and 11 m + 12 sm + 4st + 25a for females. The two species show different arrangements of constitutive heterochromatin blocks, which are coincident with NORs and absent in sex chromosomes. We suggest a XX/XY(1)Y(2) mechanism for Ancistrus sp.1 "Balbina", and a Z(1)Z(1)Z(2)Z(2)/Z(1)Z(2)W(1)W(2) mechanism for Ancistrus sp.2 "Barcelos". The XX/XY(1)Y(2) mechanism here reported is the second known occurrence of this type of multiple sex chromosomes for Loricariidae and the third for Neotropical fishes; the mechanism Z(1)Z(1)Z(2)Z(2)/Z(1)Z(2)W(1)W(2) represents the first record among fishes. The presence of different sex chromosome systems in Ancistrus indicates a probable independent origin and suggests that the differentiation of sex chromosomes is evolutionarily recent among species in this genus.     

宽叶韭居群间核型研究

对宽叶韭 1 0个居群的核型进行了研究 ,结果如下 :四川武隆居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =1 6sm+6st;四川大飞水居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =1 6sm +4st+2 t(2 SAT) ;四川南川居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =2 m+1 4sm+4st+2 t;四川宝兴居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =1 4sm+6st+2 t;四川青神居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =2 m+6sm+1 0 st+4t;四川沐川居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =2 m+1 4sm+2 st+4t;四川屏山居群 2 n=3 x=3 3 =3 m+2 1 sm+9st;云南西双版纳居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =1 4sm+6st+2 t(2 SAT) ;广东乳源居群 2 n=3 x=3 3 =2 1 sm+6st+6t(3 SAT) ;广西龙胜居群 2 n=3 x=3 3 =2 1 sm+6st+6t(3 SAT)。研究表明 ,除四川屏山居群、广东乳源居群、广西龙胜居群是三倍体外 ,其余均为二倍体。它们都属于 Stebbins的 3 A型。此外 ,宽叶韭的不同居群间还存在随体染色体和核型组成的多态性。本文最后讨论了宽叶韭种内居群间核型分化的原因。     

A Cytological Study of Fifteen Species in Six Genera of Liliaceae from Yunnan

Fifteen species in six genera of the family Liliaceae were karyomorphologically studied. They share the complex chromocenter type of the resting nuclei and the interstitial type of the prophase chromosomes in somatic cells except that Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey is of the densely diffuse type and gradient type respectively. Their karyotype formulas are listed as follows: Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey, 2n= 14=8m+4sm+2st (2SAT), belongs to 2A type; Smilacina henryi (Baker) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t (2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n = 36= 14m (2SAT) + 12sm+ 10st(2SAT), 2B type; Smilacinata tsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n= 36=22m +2sm+ 2st(2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina atropurpurea ( Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT) +12st, 2C type: Polygonatum kingianum Coll, et Hesml., 2n=30= 12m(2SAT) +6sm+ lst+2t, 2C type; Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royal, 2n=30= 10m+4sm+ 12st+4t, 3C type; Polygonatum curvistylum Hua, 2n=78=24m (2SAT)+ 14sm (6SAT)+40st, 3C type; Polygonatum cathcartii Baker, 2n = 32 = 12m + 6sm + 10st+ 2t + 2Bs, 2C type; Lilium henricii Franch., 2n = 24 = 2m(2SAT) + 2sm + 10st+ 10t, 3A type; Lilium bakerianum Coll. et Hesml. var. rubrum Stearn, 2n=24=4m ( 2SAT) +10st+ 10t (2SAT), 3A type; Nomocharis bilouensis Liang, 2n= 24= 2m (2SAT) +2sm+ 12st+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis pardanthina Franch., 2n= 24=4m (2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis sauluensis Balf. f., 2n=24=4m(2SAT) +10st (2SAT) + 10t, 3B type; Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn 2n = 24 = 2m (2SAT) + 2sm + 14st(2SAT ) + 6t, 3A type.     

Karyotypes of Sarcandra Gardn. and Chloranthus Swartz (Chloranthaceae) from China

Two species of Sarcandra and nine of Chloranthus in the Chloranthaceae from China were investigated cytologically. The basic chromosome number of both genera is x=15. In Sarandra the two species studied are diploid, and in Chloranthus seven species are diploid, one tetraploid ( C. fortune;, 2n = 60) and one hexaploid (C. henryi, 2n = 90). Chromosomes are medium-small to small, ranging in length from c . 6.0 μm to 1.O μ m. The katyotype formulas are as follow: S. glabra 2 n= 10m+ 10sm + 8st + 2stc; & hainanensvs 2n = 8m+ 12sm + 8st+2st^sat; C. spicatus 2n=12m+8sm + 6st + 4st^sat; C. erectus 2n= 12m + 4sm+ 12st + 2st^sat; C. serratus 2n=16m + 12sm + 2st^sat; C. sessilifolius 2n= 14m + 8sm + 6st+2st^sat; C. nervvosus 2n = 8m + 4sm + 6st + 2st^sat; C. angustfolius 2n = 20m + 6sm + 2sm^sat+ 2st^sat; C. japonicus 2n = 18m + 8sm + 4st^sat; C. fortunei 2n= 48m+4sm + 4st + 4st^sat. Karyotype asymmetries are of type 3B in C. erectus and C. nervosus and 2B in the other species. Based on these results, combined with the evidence from comparative morphology, anatomy, palynology and embryology, the relationship between Sarcandra and Chloranthus is discussed.     

田螺科五种螺的核型研究

以早期胚胎细胞为材料,用火焰干燥法制片,对分布于我国湖北省武汉市近郊的常见田螺科(Viviparidae)五种螺的核型进行了分析。结果:两种圆田螺的染色体数和国外报道的同一属的种类的一致。而三种环棱螺的染色体数,则较国外报道的另两种的少得多。在铜锈环棱螺的核型中,其m组的第一对和sm组的第四对染色体上,具有明显的随体,出现频率甚高。     

国产毛茛属三种植物的核型研究

对国产三种毛茛属 (Ranunclus)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中昆明毛茛 (RanunculuskunmingensisW .T .Wang)染色体数目 2n=1 4及核型 2n =1 4 =6m +4sm +4st为首次报道 ;匍枝毛茛 (R .repenceL .)核型公式为 2n =4x =3 2 =8m +1 2sm +1 0st+2t,它是由两个不同的染色体组组成 ;刺果毛茛 (R .muricatusL .)核型公式为 2n=8x=64=1 0m +2 2sm +2 8st+4t,它也是由两个不同的染色体组组成     

国产七种和一变种兰属植物的核型研究

对国产7种和1变种兰属植物,即邱北冬蕙兰Cymbidium qiubeiense、春兰C. goeringii、春剑 C．longibracteatum、线叶春兰C．serratum、蕙兰C.faberi、送春C.fabri var．szechuanicum、寒兰C．kanran、莎 叶兰C．cyperifolium 的核型进行了研究。具体结果如下：邱北冬蕙兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st;蕙兰为2n=40=30m+8sm+2st;送春为2n=40=26m+l0sm+4st;寒兰为2n=40=26m+12sm+2st;莎叶兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st;春兰为2n=40=24m+l0sm+4st+2t;春剑为2n=40=24m+l0sm+6st。线叶春兰为2n=40=28m+l0sm+2st。线叶春兰中偶尔发现染色体数有2n=41,43,60,80。     

秦岭百合科部分类群的细胞学研究

对分布于秦岭地区的4属5种百合科植物进行了细胞学研究。结果表明,这5种百合科植物均为二倍体,其核型公式分别为：大花韭(Allium macranthum),2n=14=8m 2sm 4st,“2B”核型;多叶韭(A．plurifoliatum),2n=16=14m 2sm,“2A”核型;山竹花(Disporum cantoniense),2n=16=8sm 8st(2SAT),“3B”核型;假百合(Notholirion bulbuliferum),2n=24=2m 2sm 20t(4SAT),“3B”核型;黄花油点草(Tricyrtis maculata),2n=26=8m 12sm 4st 2t,“3B”核型。除多叶韭和假百合外,其余各种的染色体数目和核型均为秦岭地区的首次报道。