双价外壳蛋白基因植物表达载体的构建及马铃薯转基因植株的鉴定

在克隆了马铃薯Ｘ病毒（ＰＶＸ）、马铃薯Ｙ 病毒（ＰＶＹ）和马铃薯卷叶病毒（ＰＬＲＶ）的外壳蛋白基因的基础上,构建同时包含ＰＶＸ和ＰＶＹ 与ＰＶＹ 和ＰＬＲＶ 两个外壳蛋白基因植物表达框架的表达载体,通过农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）介导转化烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍ ）和生产上常用的几个马铃薯（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ ）优良品种：“Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ”、“虎头”、“克４”。经ＰＣＲ检测证明外源基因已整合到植物的染色体上,得到批量转基因植株。在转ＰＶＸ＋ＰＶＹ 外壳蛋白基因的烟草上接种ＰＶＸ （５ μｇ／ｍ Ｌ）、ＰＶＹ（２０ μｇ／ｍ Ｌ）病毒,得到有一定抗性的植株     

表达马铃薯X病毒和Y病毒双价外壳蛋白基因马铃薯植株的抗病性

表达马铃薯Ｘ病毒（ＰＶＸ）和马铃薯Ｘ病毒（ＰＶＹ）双价外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因的马铃薯虎头和克新４号,用机械摩擦同时接种ＰＶＸ和ＰＶＹ后,通过症状观察,植株中ＰＶＸ和ＰＶＹ的ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果表明,转基因头虎头和克新４号的多数株系的平均病毒含量均明显低于未转基因的对照植株,不同时期病毒测定结果表明,许多株系病毒积累缓慢,延迟发病,说明转ＰＶＸ,ＰＶＹ双价ＣＰ基因的马铃薯,对ＰＶＸ和ＰＶＹ复合侵染发生不     

表达马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白的转基因烟草的抗病性研究

将马铃薯Ｙ病毒中国分离物（ＰＶＴ－Ｃ）的外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因,在土壤农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４的介导下,转化烟草生产品种ＮＣ８９,获得了６个烟草株系。通过抗性分析发现,６个株系中有一个株系在２００μｇ／ｍｌＰＶＹ－Ｃ的攻毒下,仍未发病,分子检测发现,转基因植物中抗性产生的程度并不是同ＰＶＹ－Ｃ外壳蛋白的表达水平成正相关。     

黑龙江省及长春市烟草病毒病的种类鉴定

１９９１－１９９３年在黑龙江省主要烟区的１１个县及长春市采样,得１２９个毒株。经鉴别寄主测定,抗血清反应（板式酶联法或斑点酶联法）及电镜或免疫电镜观察,有ＴＭＶ（４３．４％）,ＰＶＹ（１７．８％）,ＣＭＶ（３．９％）,ＴＲＶ（０．８％）,ＴＳＷＶ等病毒,ＴＭＶ与ＰＶＹ混合侵染的占１０．１％,ＰＶＹ与其它病毒混合侵染的占１１．６％,另有５个标样为马铃薯Ｙ病毒组成员,１０个为未知。     

应用Dot—ELISA检测PVX,PVY和PVS

以ＮＣＭ为固相载体、应用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定了纯化的ＰＶＸ、ＰＶＹ和ＰＶＳ;对接种的烟草,马铃薯块茎的芽、休眠块茎顶端的稀释度ＰＶＸ分别为：１／２０４８０－１／８１９２０、１／５１２０;ＰＶＹ分别为１／８１９２０、１／２０４８０和１／５１２０;ＰＶＳ分别为１／８１９２０－１／３２７６８０、１／２０４８０－１／８１９２０和１／５１２０－１／２０４８０,和Ｃｏｃｋｔａｉｌ－ＥＬＩＳＡ相关,检测ＰＶＸ和     

蚕豆萎蔫病毒纯化和病毒蛋白质及RNA组份分析

属蚕豆萎蔫病毒（ＢＢＷＶ）血清ＩＩ型的分离物Ｂ－９３４接种昆诺藜,采收的病叶先用含蔗糖的高浓度磷酸钾盐缓冲液,后用ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００处理,成功地提取了大量病毒粒子,提纯病毒得率为１３４ｍｇ／ｋｇ病叶,提纯病毒在电镜下可观察到大量球状病毒粒子,直径约２５ｎｍ,提纯的ＢＢＷＶ经甘油梯度超离心后在可观察到３个组份,分别称Ｔ,Ｂ和Ｍ组份,其中Ｔ为空壳蛋白,Ｂ和Ｍ为核蛋白,各组份经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定,     

利用TMV—U1作为载体表达鼠肝炎病毒S糖蛋白片段

为了验证转基因烟草中表达的外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）能够重新包被侵入的烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）的假设,利用抗原表位标记的方法观察ＣＰ亚单位在病毒５′端的交换。通过ＰＣＲ 方法将来源于鼠肝炎病毒（ＭＨＶ） Ｓ蛋白的两个小肽段（１１ ａ．ａ．和１５ ａ．ａ．）的ＤＮＡ序列分别插入ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１ ＣＰ基因邻近３′端的两个位点,并构建了带有外源序列的ＴＭＶ 侵染克隆Ｖ９ （１１ ａ．ａ．）和Ｅ１５ （１５ ａ．ａ．）。通过体外转录反应,得到Ｖ９ ＲＮＡ 及Ｅ１５ ＲＮＡ。突变病毒ＲＮＡ 侵染烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ ）后表现不同特性。Ｖ９ 和Ｅ１５ 侵染ＸａｎｔｈｉＮＮ烟草后同野生型ＴＭＶ一样产生枯斑。但是,当它们侵染Ｘａｎｔｈｉｎｎ 烟草时,Ｖ９ 产生同侵染ＸａｎｔｈｉＮＮ 烟草相同的枯斑,而Ｅ１５的特性同ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１几乎完全相同,能对Ｘａｎｔｈｉｎｎ 烟草进行系统侵染并在叶片中聚集大量的带有外源片段的外壳蛋白,而且病毒的结构极其稳定。Ｖ９ 和Ｅ１５ 特性的差异可能是由于外源片段在外壳蛋白中存在位置的不同影响了外壳蛋白的结构所致     

一种中国发生的真菌传小麦花叶病毒RNA－13＇末端核苷酸序列分析

以采自河南的真菌传小麦花叶病毒（ＦＷＭＶ－Ｃ）为材料,抽提病毒ＲＮＡ,合成互补ＤＮＡ（ｃＤＮＡ）。对杂交筛选所得ｃＤＮＡ克隆进行亚克隆及序列分析,结果表明,亚克隆ｐＧＳＩ含有一个长度为８９１个核苷酸的不完整开放阅读框架（ＯＲＦ）和长度为２５８个核苷酸的３＇末端非编码区（ＮＴＲ）,并带有Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）尾序。此段序列与大麦黄花叶病毒（ＢａＹＭＶ）及法国报道的一种小麦梭条花叶病毒（ＷＳＳＭＶ－Ｆ）的ＲＮＡ－１３＇末端分别具有６７．６％和６９．９％的同源性。由所测序列编码区（１－８９１ｎｔ）可推导产生２９６个氢基酸,并与ＷＳＳＭＶ－Ｆ及ＢａＹＭＶ外壳蛋白氨基酸序列分别具有７５．９％和７１％的同源性。此结果表明,ＦＷＭＶ－Ｃ为另外一种不同于ＷＳＳＭＶ－Ｆ的大麦黄花叶病毒组（Ｂａｙｍｏｖｉｒｕｓ）病毒,所测基因组片段应为ＲＮＡ－１３＇末端序列,其中可能包括了病毒全长外壳蛋白编码区域。     

马铃薯Y病毒NIb复制酶基因在转录水平介导的相对广谱抗病性

在大肠杆菌中表达了马铃薯Ｙ病毒中国分离物（ＰＶＹ－Ｃ）复制酶ＮＩｂ基因,并制备了其抗血清。利用ＰＣＲ定点突变方法使ＮＩｂ基因移码－１位,构建了移码－１位ＮＩｂ基因（ＵＮ）的植物表达载体。通过土壤农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ ＬＢＡ４４０４）介导转化烟草ＮＣ８９,获得５１株再生植株。对再生植株的分子检测结果表明,转基因烟草中检测到ＵＮ基因相应的ＲＮＡ转录产物,３推测该基     

真菌传杆状病毒组（Furovirus）内四种病毒的细胞病理学比较研究

本文研究丁真菌传杆状病毒组（Ｆｕｒｏｖｉｒｕｓ）四个病毒成员,即甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）、甜菜土传病毒（ＢＳＢＶ）、花生丛生病毒印度株系（ＰＣＡ－Ｉ）以及非洲株系（ＰＣＡ－Ａ）和小麦土传花叶病毒（ＳＢＷＭＶ）所引起的细胞病理变化。这四种病毒在病毒粒子聚集的结构,是否引起细胞膜聚集及聚集的结构,过氧化物酶体泡状物的形成与否及结构均有差异。另外,同一种病毒的不同株系或分离物所引起的细胞病理变化也不相同。     

Occurrence, Distribution and Relative Importance of Viruses Infecting Hot Pepper and Tomato in the Major Growing Areas of Ethiopia

Hot pepper and tomato fields in the main growing areas in the Rift Valley and the west of Ethiopia were surveyed for virus infections in 1994. A total of 286 samples from hot pepper and 222 samples from tomato plants and associated Datura stramonium L. and Nicandra physalodes Gaertn. weeds with symptoms suggestive of virus infections were collected and analysed using electron microscopy, serology and test plant reactions. Potato virus Y (PVY), Ethiopian pepper mottle virus (EPMV), pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) were detected in hot pepper samples while tomato samples were shown to be infected with tomato mild mottle virus (TMMV), PVY and ToMV. The most widespread and predominant viruses which also occurred frequently in mixed infections were PVY and EPMV in hot pepper and PVY and TMMV in tomato. TMMV was also found in many samples of D. stramonium and N. physalodes. ToMV was identified in only few samples from both crops in the Rift Valley by its characteristic particle morphology, serological properties and symptomatology. PVMV was found in hot pepper samples only from western Ethiopia, but no natural infection of tomato with this virus was revealed. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of TMMV in tomato, D. stramonium and N. physalodes, as well as of ToMV in hot pepper and tomato in Ethiopia.     

The potential use of a viral coat protein gene as a transgene screening marker and multiple virus resistance of pepper plants coexpressing coat proteins of cucumber mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus

Transgenic pepper plants coexpressing coat proteins (CPs) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Kor) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. To facilitate selection for positive transformants in transgenic peppers carrying an L gene, we developed a simple and effective screening procedure using hypersensitive response upon ToMV challenge inoculation. In this procedure, positive transformants could be clearly differentiated from the nontransformed plants. Transgenic pepper plants expressing the CP genes of both viruses were tested for resistance against CMV-Kor and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV). In most transgenic plants, viral propagation was substantially retarded when compared to the nontransgenic plants. These experiments demonstrate that our transgenic pepper plants might be a useful marker system for the transgene screening and useful for classical breeding programs of developing virus resistant hot pepper plants.     

Satellite-RNA-mediated resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in transgenic plants of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Golden Tower)

We previously established a system of in vitro regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for hot pepper plants. The level of protection against cucumber mosaic virus in the progeny of the transgenic hot pepper plants that express cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satellite RNA was investigated. The transgenic hot pepper plants were self-fertilized, and their progeny were tested for stable inheritance and expression of the cDNA of CMV satellite RNA. Polymerase chain reaction and RNA gel blot analyses showed that the introduced gene was stably transmitted and expressed in the progeny. Symptom attenuation in the offspring was confirmed upon inoculation with CMV-Y or CMV-Korea (CMV-Kor) strains. Received: 30 September 1996 / Revision received: 5 May 1997 / Accepted: 22 May 1997     

A Tobamovirus Causing Heavy Losses in Protected Pepper Crops in Spain

During a four-year (1982–1985) survey of plant viruses infecting pepper cultivars grown under plastic in the Southeastern region of Spain, a tobamovirus was found to be the major disease agent of this crop. The virus produces slight or no symptoms on the leaves, but causes chlorotic mottling, malformation and reduction in size with occasional necrosis on the fruits and was able to infect all commercial pepper cultivars tested, including those resistant to other tobamoviruses, causing a catastrophic disease. The biological and serological characterization of the virus showed that it is very similar to pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) (Wetter et al. 1984) and therefore we have termed it as Spanish strain of PMMV (PMMV-S). The need of grouping all the so-called “pepper strains” of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a new distinct member of the tobamovirus group with the name of PMMV is emphasized.     

Functional study of hot pepper 26S proteasome subunit RPN7 induced by Tobacco mosaic virus from nuclear proteome analysis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was applied for the screening of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-induced hot pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Bugang) nuclear proteins. From differentially expressed protein spots, we acquired the matched peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) data, analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS, from the non-redundant hot pepper EST protein FASTA database using the VEMS 2.0 software. Among six identified nuclear proteins, the hot pepper 26S proteasome subunit RPN7 (CaRPN7) was subjected to further study. The level of CaRPN7 mRNA was specifically increased during incompatible TMV-P(0) interaction, but not during compatible TMV-P(1.2) interaction. When CaRPN7::GFP fusion protein was targeted in onion cells, the nuclei had been broken into pieces. In the hot pepper leaves, cell death was exacerbated and genomic DNA laddering was induced by Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression of CaPRN7. Thus, this report presents that the TMV-induced CaRPN7 may be involved in programmed cell death (PCD) in the hot pepper plant.     

水涝胁迫下辣椒转录组特征分析及EST-SSR标记开发

为开发适当的生物学工具以探索辣椒对水涝胁迫应答的分子机制,该研究对不同淹水处理的辣椒样本进行转录组分析,获得了丰富的序列数据,并在此基础上对SSR分子标记进行挖掘。结果表明:(1)辣椒转录组检测共获得128 939个Unigene,其总长度平均长度和GC含量分别是55 082 725、1 101 bp和40.57%。与七大功能数据库进行比较,分别有102 123个(NR: 79.20%)、110 157个(NT: 85.43%)、70 203个(SwissProt: 54.45%)、73 539个(KOG: 57.03%)、77 646个(KEGG: 60.22%)、77 442个(GO: 60.06%)以及68 216个(Pfam: 52.91%)个Unigene获得功能注释。发现脂质代谢、碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、环境适应、次级代谢物生物合成、信号转导和翻译等途径在辣椒水涝胁迫应答中起重要作用。(2)从辣椒转录组数据中发掘到26 574个SSR位点分布在24 889个Unigene中。SSR的出现频率为20.61%,其中单核苷酸重复所占比例(37.26%)最高,其次是三核苷酸(31.00%)和二核苷酸(25.44%)重复类型,三者占EST-SSR总数的93.70%。在单核苷酸与二核苷酸中最多的基序类型为A/T、AG/CT和TC/GA,然后是AT和TA; 三核苷酸中最常见的基序类型是TTG/CAA和ACA/TGT。(3)用Primer 3在线工具设计了10 002对EST-SSR引物,随机选择30对引物进行PCR扩增,均可获得有效扩增。对3份辣椒材料进行扩增,其中7对引物可以扩增出目标条带。综上所述,在辣椒中优势SSR重复类型的基序结构和其他品种基本相近,并初步探索了辣椒水涝胁迫应答的分子机制,开发了EST-SSR标记,为辣椒耐涝遗传育种提供了参考。     

Inheritance of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 2 in the hot pepper cultivar Carolina Cayenne (Capsicum annuum L.)

Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are important pathogens affecting vegetable crop production in Brazil and worldwide. The pepper species Capsicum annuum includes both hot and sweet peppers; very little emphasis has been placed on breeding sweet peppers for nematode resistance. We report on the inheritance of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood race 2 in the hot pepper cultivar Carolina Cayenne. The hot pepper cv. Carolina Cayenne was used as seed parent and the sweet pepper cv. Agron?mico-8 was used as pollen parent to obtain the F(1) and F(2) generations and the backcross generations BC(11) and BC(12). The plants were inoculated with M. incognita race 2 at a rate of 60 eggs/ml of substrate and, after a suitable incubation period, the numbers of root galls and egg masses per root system were evaluated on each plant. Broad- (0.77 and 0.72) and narrow-sense (0.77 and 0.63) heritability estimates were high for both root galls and egg masses, respectively. The mean degree of dominance was estimated as 0.29 and 0.25 for numbers of galls and egg masses, respectively; these estimates were not significantly different from 0, indicating a predominantly additive gene action. The results were consistent with a hypothesis of monogenic resistance in Carolina Cayenne.