福建尤溪九阜山维管束植物及其分布

福建尤溪九阜山自然保护区有维管束植物171科547属1 104种。本文分析了该区维管束植物科、属的种类组成,阐述了构成森林的主要植物类群及其分布。     

冶勒自然保护区大熊猫和小熊猫种群能流分析

在冕宁县冶勒自然保护区设站,从各水平对同域分布、以同种竹子为食的大熊猫和小熊猫种群能流进行了研究。结果表明：通过大熊猫种群的能流（１．８６＊１０＾６ｋＪ／ｋｍ＾２．ｙｒ．）多于小熊猫种群（６．３４＊１０＾５ｋＪ／ｋｍ＾２．ｙｒ．）,前者大约是后者的２．９倍,说明大熊猫在群落中可能处于优势地位。虽然两种熊猫可利用食物资源占地面生物量的比例很大（大、小熊猫分别为１２．７９％和３．９２％）,但是其每年摄     

广西热带雨林两栖爬行动物物种多样性及其保护

广西热带雨林主要是高温湿润地区,北界８０００℃,≥１０℃期间,太阳辐射年平均值超过１００千卡／ｃｍ２,年平均气温在２２℃以上,动物种类繁多,两栖动物物种３６种,隶属３目９科２０属;爬行动物物种７９种,隶属３目１３科４８属。区系成分以华南区的成分占优势,古北、东洋界成分,华中成分和华中－华南区成分也渗透到本带中。广西自然保护区已达６２个,总面积约１８万ｋｍ２,占自治区总面积的７７％,居于全国前列,广西热带雨林自然保护区有１１个,其面积３３８３ｋｍ２。     

新疆呼图壁种牛场地区13种优势植物水溶性盐分的含量特点及数量分析

通过对新疆呼图壁种牛场地区１３种耐盐植物水溶性盐分含量的分析,结果阐述了盐分分布和积累的特点：１）大部分植物在盐分含量水平上是：Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＾＋〉Ｍｇ＾２＋〉Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｃｌ＾－〉ＳＯ４＾２－〉ＨＣＯ３＾－〉ＣＯ３＾２－,Ｎａ＾＋超过２００００μｇ／ｇ,Ｃａ＾２＋不足８００μｇ／ｇ;Ｃｌ＾－达４．１６％,ＣＯ３＾２－仅为０．１１％。全盐量平均为２５．８１％;２）ＣＯ３＾２－、ＨＣＯ３＾－和Ｃａ＾２     

秦岭羚牛的家域研究

１９９５年８月～１９９６年８月,在陕西省佛坪自然保护区内利用无线电遥测技术对４ 只佩戴颈圈的羚牛（Ｂｕｄｏｒｃａｓ ｔａｘｉｃｏｌｏｒ ｂｃｄｆｏｒｄｉ）的家域进行了研究。４只戴颈圈羚牛Ｍ１、Ｍ２、Ｆ１、Ｆ２的年家域面积分别为５０．１ｋｍ＾２、３５．２ｋｍ＾２、４３．５ｋｍ＾２、９８．５ｋｍ＾２,平均５６．８ｋｍ＾２。羚牛的迁移习性对其家域大小有极大的影响。３只戴颈圈羚牛在春、夏、秋、冬４个季节中     

湖南省德夯风景区蕨类植物区系的研究

德夯风景区位于湖南省西北部吉首市之西。海拔１８９．４～９６４．６ｍ,面积２５２ｋｍ２。该区蕨类植物有２８科,５１属,１１８种,区系特点是：（１）种类丰富而密度大,以鳞毛蕨科,水龙骨科,蹄盖蕨科,卷柏属（Ｓｅｌａｇｉｎｅｌｌａ）,铁角蕨属（Ａｓｐｌｅｎｉｕｍ）,凤尾蕨属（Ｐｔｅｒｉｓ）等为优势类群,科内、属内种数贫乏;（２）属的地理成分以热带成分为主,温带与亚热带成分次之,无特有属。种的地理成分以亚热带成分为主,热带与温带成分次之,特有种类丰富;（３）东亚成分（尤其是中国—日本成分）众多。可能是东亚成分分布中心的一部分;（４）与天平山、佼母溪关系最密切,与庐山、黄山、大瑶山关系较密切,与神农架、鼎湖山较疏远。     

四川马边大风顶自然保护区林麝种群密度初步分析

本文利用分层抽样粪堆计数法对马边大风顶自然保护４种不同生境中林麝种群密度进行了调查,结果表明,常绿阔叶林内林麝密度最高,为２．２２６只／ｋｍ＾２,常绿落阔混交林为１．１１只／ｋｍ＾２,针阔混交林为０．２６只／ｋｍ＾２,针叶林中无林麝分布。保护区内林麝密度较低与人为干扰破坏严重有关。     

湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系

壶瓶山自然保护区具有丰富的植物区系成分,现知维管束植物有205科(蕨类和拟蕨类 植物40科,裸子植物7科,被子植物158科),839属,约1961种(包括154变种)。其中,古 和原始的科、属不乏其代表。从种子植物属的分布区类型的比较分析,该区具有我国15个种子植物属的分布区类型中的14个,表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。另一方面,该 地区的植物区系虽含有丰富的热带成分,但根据各类温带属占该区总属数的百分比以及分布于该地区的中国特有属中的木本属几乎所有都是落叶的乔木或灌木,该区的植物区系性质明显偏重于温带性质。而且,这种温带性质可能与该区的山体海拔高度有着重要的联系。     

赤爮亚族植物营养器官的比较解剖

对赤Ｂｏ亚族３属共１２种植物的营养器官进行了比较解剖学研究,其结果是：１在卷须的解剖结构上,赤Ｂｏ属和白兼果属有是显的区别。前者具周维管纤维。但其维管束发育差;后者不具周维管纤维,但其维管束发育良好。从系统演化上来说,完善的维管系统显然比周维管纤维有更强的机械功能。２．草酸钙盐的结晶体,硅质细胞和钟乳体分别存在于白兼果属,罗汉果属和苦瓜属植物中,而在赤Ｂｏ属植物中未发现上述结构物质。３．比较解剖学     

宝华山主要植被类型土壤种子库初探

落叶常绿阔叶混交比和落叶阔叶林的土壤种子库分别有４９种和３３种植物,其中,前者有草本４２种,灌木３种,乔木４种,密度为２５５粒／ｍ＾２,后者有草本２９种,灌木１种,乔木３种,密度为１４５粒／ｍ＾２,两植被类型的土壤种子库组成与其现存地上植被的组成相似性极小。落叶常绿阔叶混交林林窗的土壤种子库有３３个种,密度为４１３粒／ｍ＾２,与非林窗区域的土壤种子库组成仅有５３．１％的相似性。     

安徽省板桥山地种子植物区系初步分析

据初步统计,安徽省板桥山地有种子植物的１３１科,５１８属,９８１种 。与邻近６个山地被子植物区系的综合系数相比,本区位居第四。该区种子植物地理成分复杂,起源古老,各类热带成分,温带成分,中国特有成分分别占该区种子植物属总数的３４．３％,６５．７％,４．３％,显示了本区植物区系的亚热带特性。     

江西三清山兰科植物区系分析

江西省三清山兰科植物资源丰富,约21属30种,占江西省兰科植物属种的56.76%、38.46%,占中国兰科植物属种的12.28%、2.41%。区内兰科植物生活型以地生兰为主;分布区式样以温带型为主;区系成分分散,缺乏本地特有成分。与各山地的相似性以及属种分布型比较显示,三清山与5山地在属级水平上相似性系数高,兰科植物区系联系比较紧密,从属分布区类型看,三清山、黄山、天目山和庐山以北温带分布为主,井冈山和武夷山以热带亚洲-热带大洋洲为主;在种级水平上相似性系数较低,种分布区类型均以东亚和中国特有分布为主。按生态型划分,地生兰为主,附生兰为辅,三清山和黄山只有两生态类型,武夷山、天目山、井冈山和庐山生态类型齐全。最后,依据"中国物种红色名录"对各山地珍稀濒危保护物种进行归纳统计。     

Relationships Between the Bryoflora of Mt. Wuyi,SE China,and Those of Neighbouring Mountain Regions

Mt. Wuyi, located at 27°37‛-27°54‛ N, 117°27‛-117°51‛ E, is the highest mountain in South-East China. Its main peak, Huanggangshan, is 2158 m above the sea level. In 1955, P. C. Chen organized the first expedition to Mt. Wuyi, and the authors investigated the different ravines and the forests of that area in 1976 and from 1979 to 1984 respectively. Up to now 355 species of the bryophytes have been found in Mt. Wuyi. I. The influence of the factors of geological history on the bryoflora of Mt. Wuyi Fujian Province, belonging to Cathaysian, one of three Chinese ancient lands, was a part of ocean until the end of the lower Tertiary. In the early Devonian, Fujian uplifted above the sea level, but it submerged in the sea later, and then uplifted above the sea level again in the upper Triassic. By the end of the lower Triassic the Himalayan movement influenced the paleogeography of China deeply, and the eastern and central mountains of Fujian uplifted again. In the Tertiary, Fujian was influenced by the hot maritime weather, so the tropical evergreen forests existed in southern Fujian at that time. The conclusion was made by Z. B. Zhao in 1983 after his long period of study on geological history of Fujian Province since the Yanshan movement. According to the morden geographical distribution of Chinese bryophytes, it seems that the above influence might be related to the bryophytes of Mt. Wuyi and also the southern part of Zhejian Province. By the end of the Tertiary the weather became cold in most parts of China. Since then the cold weather and hot weather alternated several times. One kind of the endemic elements of the bryoflora formed in the area from the south-eastern coast of China to the southeastern Xizang (Tibet), including Japan. They are not specialized at the family level or closely related to each other, but they have similar distribution and belong to different families. In the Quaternary, Mt. Wuyi gradually uplifted following the Himalayan movement. As the weather cooled down in the upper part of the mountain, deciduous broad-leaved and needleleaved trees increased there. Meanwhile, temperate genera and species of the bryophytes spread and invaded South China and entered Mr. Wuyi. Rhytidiadelphus and Hvlocomium probably began to grow in Mt. Wuyi at that time, and their distribution is quite different from their primary one. On the other hand, a part of tropical and subtropical bryophytes might enjoy the changed weather and environment in the Quaternary and existed in a few small localities of Mt. Wuyi, and the genera Haplomitrium, Endotrichella and Floribundaria are probably their representatives. From the point of view of geological history we are now living in the interglacial period and the present natural conditions will last continuously, so they will steadily influence the bryoflora of Mt. Wuyi in a long period of time. 2. Essential characteristics of the bryoflora in Mt. Wuyi Due to the geographical position and the other factors of Mt. Wuyi the bryoflora is represented by numerous tropical and subtropical elements (34.1%), but the East-Asiatic endemic ones (79.2%) are characteristic of the bryoflora in Mt. Wuyi (Tab. 1). The tropical and subtropical families of the bryophytes, found south of Changjiang (Yangtzi) River, are Haplomitriaceae (1 genus, 3 species), Porellaceae (2 genera, 8 species), Frullaniaceae (2 genera, 10 species), Lejeun eaceae (21 genera, 35 species), Trachypodaceae (3 genera, 4 species), Meteoriaceae (10 genera, 17 species), Neckeraceae (5 genera, 8 species) and Hookeriaceae (3 genera, 3 species). The above 8 families, including 46 genera and 85 species, represent about 1/4 genera (24.3%) and less than 1/4 species (23.9%) of the bryoflora of Mt. Wuyi. Most species of East-Asiatic elements show very close relationships with Japan, and are widely distributed from the low altitude of Mt. Wuyi to the summit of Mt. Huanggangshan. However, the Holarctic species (26.8%) are also important elements of the bryoflora in Mt. Wuyi, showing its transition nature, although it is located in the subtropics. Moreover, the in fluence of the Himalayas also exists in Mt. Wuyi, and the Himalayan elements cover 14.4% in the bryoflora of Mt. Wuyi. The similarity coefficients between the bryofloras of Central and South America, Africa and Oceania and that of Mt. Wuyi are from 5.0-9.2% respectively. The endemic species are not very many and cosmopolitan species are only 7 there. In 1958, P. C. Chen designated Mt. Wuyi as “the transition region of South and North China rich in East-Asiatic genera and species”. His very important conclusion is essentially in accordance with the fact of the bryoflora on Mt. Wuyi. Recently, some of the new records fur ther show the characteristics of the bryoflora in Wuyi. Two facts are worth being mentioned. One is that East-Asiatic genera are only five in Mt. Wuyi. However, there are 9 East-Asiatic genera in Mt. Huangshan more than in Mt. Wuyi; 4 East-Asiatic genera are recorded in Mt. Shennongjia. The other is that epiphyllous liverworts in Mt. Wuyi, consisting of 7 families, 21 genera and 36 species, are less than on Hainan Island and Xishuangbannan, located in the tro pics in China. 3. Comparison between the bryoflora of Mt. Wuyi and those of the neighbouring regions As China covers a very large area, bryofloristic elements are quite different in the diffe rent regions. In this section, we are concentrated on making a comparison between the bryof loras of Mt. Wuyi and the regions belonging to the Central China of the bryoflora named by P. C. Chen. Huaping Forest Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China, with both latitute and altitude very similar to Mt. Wuyi, is included in this comparison (Fig. 1). According to the rough estimation, the similarity coefficient of moss genera between Mt. Wuyi and Huaping is 56.3%, and those between the mountain and southern Zhejian and Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, are 62.7% and 51.6% respectively, while the similarity coefficient of the genera of the mossfloras between Mt. Shennongjia and Mt. Wuyi is 46.8%. Table 2 shows the statistics of mosses in Mt. Wuyi and the others, but the bryoflora of Huaping needs further study However, it is very interesting to note that Haplomitrium and Pleurozia of liverworts are both found in Mt. Wuyi and Huaping Forest Region, and the similarity coefficient between the mossfloras of Mt. Wuyi and Zhejian Province is also higher than those mentioned above. Tropical and subtropical elements reduce towards the north in China, and temperate ones increase. Huaping is located in the south, and, as expected, some tropical and subtropical genera such as Hookeriopsis and Symphyodon have been found there, but not in Mt. Wuyi; several temperate genera, such as Schwetschkeopsis and Fauriella, have been recorded in Mt. Huangshan, but not in Mt. Wuyi. For some unknown reasons, Octoblepharum and Neckeropsis are only found in southern Zhejiang, but not in Mt. Wuyi. Mt. Shennongjia, with its main peak over 1000 m higher than that of Mt. Wuyi, is located in its northwest, and more than ten temperate genera, such as, Ceratodon, Aulacomnium Myurella, Bryonoguchia and Abietinella have been found there. Generally, Mt. Wuyi belongs to the central subtropical region of China, and East-Asiatic endemic genera are the main elements of its bryoflora, but the bryoflora also consists of tropical and subtropical elements with some temperate ones. 4. East-Asiatic endemic genera in the bryoflora of Mt. Wuyi In the bryoflora of Mt. Wuyi, one of the main elements, East-Asiatic endemic genera, should not be neglected (Tab. 4). East-Asiatic endemic genera in Mt. Wuyi (five) are less than in Mt. Huangshan and Mt. West Tianmu, although the positions of the latter two are very close to Mt. Wuyi. East-Asiatic endemic genera of liverworts are Trichocolea and Macvicaria so far found in Mt. Wuyi, and the mosses are Myuriopsis, Meteoriella, Pseudospiridentopsis (Fig. 1). Myuriopsis is only distributed in Taiwan Province and Mt. Wuyi, and the other four are distributed in Mt. Huangshan or Mt. West Tianmu, and also in Taiwan, besides in Mt. Wuyi. About thirty EastAsiatic endemic genera have so far been known in China, which means that about one sixth of East- Asiatic endemic genera of the bryophytes occur in Mt. Wuyi. We may notice that nine and seven East-Asiatic endemic genera of the bryophytes have been recorded in Mt. Huangshan and Mt. West Tianmu respectively. In Mt. Shennongjia, Central China, there are four East Asiatic endemic genera, but only two have been found in the Huaping Forest Region, South China. In Mt. Dinghua, located south of Mt. Wuyi, on East-Asiatic endemic genus of the bryophytes has so far been found. East-Asiatic endemic genera of the bryophytes are mainly limited to China, Korea and Japan, including the East Himalayas, rarely occur in South Asia, Siberia of the Soviet Union. Therefore, these genera enjoy a warm and moist environment. In Mt. Wuyi, all the East-Asiatic endemic genera are monotypic ones with a disjunct distribution. Now in Taiwan Province five of six recorded East-Asiatic endemic genera are common to Mt. Wuyi. In Japan, about eleven, i.e. one third of, East Asiatic endemic genera so far found are common to China, which shows a long history of the phytogeographical relationships between Japan and China. East Asiatic endemic genera of the bryophytes might therefore exist on islands of Taiwan Province and Japan before they were separated from the mainland of Asia. However the fossil evidence is still lacking in the bryophytes, so we are not able to discuss about the distribution area and the distribution center of the East-Asiatic bryoflora in detail. The above estimation is more or less related to geological history, and we assume that the East-Asiatic endemic genera have existed at least since the end of the Tertiary. Starting from the Quaternary, the climatic change during glacial epoch has been possibly the most important factor affecting the bryoflora in Asia, and the upheaval of the Himalayas has stimulated the diversity and the specialization of the bryophy tes. Considering these factors, East-Asiatic endemic genera might be the “Tertiary fossil plants”. Another problem is difficult to explain, because Mts. Huangshan, West Tianmu and Shen nongjia were once influenced by glaciation directly, although Chinese geologists hold different views. However, no evidence of glaciation has been found in Mt. Wuyi. It is worth to study the close relationships between Mt. Wuyi, Mt. Huangshan and Mt. West Tianmu, where is the distri bution center of the East-Asiatic endemic genera. The above three mountain regions share half of the East-Asiatic endemic genera, and about 32% genera of the others are found in two of them (Fig. 2). Myuriopsis, one of the East Asiatic types, was only recorded in Taiwan Pro vince, Japan and Korea. Neodolichomitra, occuring in Taiwan Province, is endemic to China. More or less the differentiation has taken place in Mt. Huangshan, Mt. West Tianmu and Mt. Wuyi. The number of the East-Asiatic endemic genera is smaller in Mt. Wuyi, so it is possibly located on the border of the distributional center of the East-Asiatic endemic genera. Moreo ver, three of four East-Asiatic endemic genera in Mt. Shennongjia are also found in Mt. Huang shan and Mt. West Tianmu, but the other East-Asiatic genus in Mt. Wuyi is common to the mountain areas in SW China, the Qinglin Range of NW China, and the isolated mountain areas of NE China. Considering all the characteristics of the bryoflora of Mt. Shennongjia, we assume that Mt. Shennongjia may belong to another distribution center, including SW part of Sichuan Province, and the other neighbouring mountains.     

安徽齐云山区种子植物区系的研究

据初步统计,安徽省休宁县齐云山山区共有种子植物125科,511属,867种。与邻近山地相比,种子植物的丰富程度次于黄山(134科、537属、1058种)、清凉峰(142科、547属、1083种)和牯牛降(151科、582属、1117种)。该区种子植物区系起源古老,地理成分复杂,各类热带、温带成分和中国特有成分分别占该区种子植物属总数的42.0%、54.3%和3.7%,显示该植物区系具有明显的中亚热带特性。该区系与黄山、清凉峰、牯牛降、六股尖区系的关系密切,而与天堂寨区系关系较远。     

安徽植被带的划分

安徽各地种子植物分布型的统计结果显示其植物区系基本属于温带性质．地理联系广泛．与东亚关系密切。通过对大别山不同区域3个山头(天堂寨、多枝尖和陀尖)的种子植物数目和结构．及属种相似性系数两方面的研究,认为整个大别山植物应归同一植物区系,其植被应归为亚热带常绿阔叶林．在划分亚热带与暖温带的分界线时,大别山应作为一个整体考虑。同时结合对黄山、板桥、天堂寨、琅琊山和皇藏峪的植物区系和生活型谱的统计结果分析,提出暖温带落叶阏叶林与常绿、落叶阔叶混交林的分界线,位于淮河一线;而亚热带常绿阔叶林与暖温带的常绿、落叶阏叶混交林的分界线位于叶集、六安、舒城、庐江、铜陵、宣城至广德一线。     

赣北云居山植物区系地理探讨

本文探讨了云居山植物区系的起源和演化,对种子植物科、属、种的各个分布类型进行了统计分析,并与其它地区植物区系作了对比研究。该区系具有热带亲缘、温带衍生的性质;区系相当古老,残遗植物众多;地理成分复杂,特有类群丰富;区系联系广泛,间断分布多样;华东特征明显,南北区系过渡。该区系尤以华东成分最多,是华东区系的重要组成部分,与华中区系联系密切,具有中亚热带向北亚热带过渡的特点。     

安徽省清凉峰自然保护区植物区系的研究

清凉峰自然保护区有维管束植物181科,601属,1228种,是安徽植物资源集中地之一。区系成分起源古老,孑遗种多,保存着丰富的珍稀、濒危植物。种子植物区系地理成分复杂,各类热带成分、温带成分、中国特有成分分别占本区种子植物属总数的33.6%、62.96%、3.44%,显示了本区植物区系的亚热带特性。本区植物区系97.6%的成分与华东植物区系共有,且含华东特有种111种,具有典型华东植物区系特征。本区植物区系与西天目山、黄山植物区系关系最密切,其次为大别山和庐山,再次为神农架。     

罗霄山脉珍稀濒危重点保护野生植物的生存状况及保护策略

为加强对罗霄山脉地区珍稀濒危植物的保护和管理, 作者在对该区域的植被和植物区系全面调查的基础上, 针对珍稀濒危植物的组成、种群数量、生存状态等进行了深入调查和评估。结果表明: (1)整体上, 罗霄山脉各类珍稀濒危植物共59科142属279种, 其中: 被IUCN红色名录收录17种, 包括极危种(CR) 2种, 濒危种(EN) 3种, 易危种(VU) 12种; 被《中国生物多样性红色名录: 高等植物卷》收录的共105种, 包括极危种9种, 濒危种33种, 易危种63种; 被《国家重点保护野生植物名录》收录的共257种, 包括Ⅰ级8种, 即银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、资源冷杉(Abies beshanensis var. ziyuanensis)、南方红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana var. mairei)、莼菜(Brasenia schreberi)、伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensis)、细叶石斛(Dendrobium hancockii)、铁皮石斛(D. officinale)、细茎石斛(D. moniliforme)等, II级249种; 被CITES收录的有71种。(2)在局部区域, 罗霄山脉自北至南由5条中型山脉组成, 其珍稀濒危植物的数量分布由北向南呈现梯级变化, 显示出与该地区植被和植物区系的丰富度和保存状况密切相关, 其中幕阜山脉147种、九岭山脉138种、武功山脉133种、万洋山脉207种、诸广山脉192种。(3)从珍稀濒危植物属种组成看, 保存有大量古老、孑遗和特有的类群, 并且受到气候和地理环境的影响, 其中有单型属19属, 中国特有种129种。本文针对各珍稀濒危植物的生存现状, 提出了按分布区域和濒危性质进行群落监测或适度进行人工干预等保护措施。     

大历山植物区系分析及珍稀濒危保护植物

安徽省大历山有维管束植物1151种(包括变种、栽培种),隶属579属154科,其中蕨类植物28科56属103种;裸子植物5科6属8种;被子植物121科517属1040种。本文主要分析大历山植物区系特征及珍稀濒危保护植物。     

黄山藓类植物区系

对黄山进行了多次实地调查、考察和标本采集,经分类鉴定,收集整理有关黄山藓类的研究资料,目前黄山藓类植物有46科、135属、401种（包括7亚种和22变种）,与20世纪50年代陈邦杰等以及后来对黄山的调查研究结果相比,藓类植物增加了4科、28属、184种;科内种数（≥15种）优势科有10个,属内种数（≥6种）的优势属有18个。黄山藓类植物地理成分类型复杂,东亚成分（包括中国特有）占37.82%,温带成分占35.13%,热带、亚热带成分占26.75%,表现出明显的由亚热带向温带过渡的特性。