多元方差分析中的单一自由度独立比较

本文根据一元方差分析的单一自由度比较原理提出了多元方差分析中的单一自由度比较方法,以用于各种平衡试验设计中具多个变量的处理间多重比较．     

亮盾防治水稻立枯病和恶苗病的田间试验

苗齐、苗壮、根系发达,是水稻丰收的基本保障。为了了解和验证亮盾在水稻上的应用效果,并与原应用药剂进行比较,进行了田间药效试验。吉林省集安市农业技术推广总站引进并提供试验药剂,集安市花甸镇农业技术推广站实施试验,对试验结果进行调查、分析,确定了亮盾的防病、促长效果。     

黑翅土白蚁乙酰胆碱酯酶最佳反应体系的建立及药剂敏感度比较

用正交试验方法研究了酶浓度、底物浓度、反应体系pH值、反应温度、反应时间5个因素对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性测定的影响。通过对正交试验结果进行极差和方差分析,明确了测定黑翅土白蚁AChE活性的最适反应条件是酶浓度为12.5 g/L,底物浓度为8 mmol/L,pH值8.0,反应温度40℃,反应时间5 min。此外,研究了6种药剂对黑翅土白蚁体内AChE活性的影响。结果表明：灭多威、辛硫磷、三唑磷、丙溴磷、马拉硫磷和氧化乐果6种药剂对黑翅土白蚁AChE抑制中浓度(IC₅₀)分别为3.52×10^-4,1.86×10^-3,5.13×10^-3,9.55×10^-4,8.81×10^-3,和1.39×10^-2 mol/L。在3.3×10^-7～5×10^-3 mol/L的浓度范围内,上述6种药剂对黑翅土白蚁体内AChE活性的抑制作用都具有明显的剂量效应关系。     

芸豆拌种药剂筛选试验总结

通过芸豆拌种药剂筛选试验看出:在防治根腐病方面,参试药剂防效不够理想。防效最好的ND药剂(八一农大种衣剂)也只有56.5%。苦宁、菌克毒克,防效均低于30%以下。     

稻瘿蚊药剂防治试验

近年来我省稻瘿蚊发生为害比较严重,为了找寻较好的药剂,提高药剂防治的效果,1975年以来,我组和从化县农科所,从化县温泉、棋干公社农科站等单位协作,并得到当地有关生产队科技组的大力支持,对稻瘿蚊进行了药效试验。1976年并提供部分新药剂在我院花县三华基点进行防治稻瘿蚊试验。     

硫黄粉棉油泥皂液及666棉油泥皂液

1955年夏季山东省临清县棉花红蜘蛛为害严重,因为当时缺乏1605药剂,为了解决防治红蜘蛛的药剂问题,乃着手研究如何有效的利用当地现有药剂,并进行了几种药剂的使用方法及药效试验,结果如下:     

应用于家畜育种试验中的组内常相关方差分析

在家畜育种中,不同杂交组合试验的比较,如果采用常规的方差分析方法,由于遗传相关的存在,来自同一家系内的样本,个体之间具有相关性,会产生第一类错误．为此,本文从理论上讨论具有组内常相关性样本的方差分析,导出了新的F检验统计量．并举例在家畜育种试验中的应用．     

七氯处理种子防治地下害虫试验示范简报

近年来,华北一些地区大量使用对硫磷乳剂处理小麦、旱粮等种子以防治蝼蛄为害,获得了良好防治效果,但对硫磷对高等动物毒性大,为此,生产上迫切要求寻求高效、价廉而又使用安全的药剂,以代替对硫磷来防治地下害虫。 通过三年来的试验,我们初步明确了七氯是防治蝼蛄及其他地下害虫的良好药剂,并在不同地区进行了试验示范工作。本文是将部分研究结果简要报导,以供农业生产应用的参考。 室内毒力测定和防治初步试验 在试验中曾以华北蝼蛄进行几种杀虫剂的毒力测定,以求获得较好的种子处理药剂,其中发现七氯对华     

济南地区美洲斑潜蝇发生规律与防治

本研究了美洲斑潜蝇的发生规律，表明在济南地区露地菜田不能越冬，蔬菜大栅成为翌年的主要虫源地。试验了药剂处理土壤、药剂喷雾和药剂熏蒸太栅的防治效果，并探讨了推延大棚内西葫穆裁期的控害作用。     

烟青虫药剂防治试验

1952年曾以贵州出产的有毒植物为主,配制毒饵作菸青虫药剂防治试验。今将初步试验结果,简要报道如下。     

A Booststrap Adaptive Test for Two-way Analysis of Variance

We propose a method to construct adaptive tests based on a bootstrap technique. The procedure leads to a nearly exact adaptive test depending on the size of the sample. With the use of the estimated Pitman's relative efficacy as selector statistic, we show that the adaptive test has a power that is asymptotically equal to the power of it's better component. We apply the idea to construct an adaptive test for two-way analysis of variance model. Finally, we use simulations to observe the behaviour of the method for small sample sizes.     

Sampling techniques and the use of Tang's procedure in insect population dynamics studies

Some calculations were performed usingTang 's method as an aid in planning experiments for studying the population dynamics of the Jeffrey pine beetle. The population dynamics studies were aimed at detecting the importance of specific effects, e. g., tree diameter, tree height. TheTang procedure is a method of estimating the sample size required to detect effects of a given magnitude with analysis of variance tests. Using this procedure some sample calculations were performed which indicated the sample size needed, and the efficacy of different strategies of improving the results, e. g., increasing the number of trees sampled versus increasing the area of the tree sampled. The statistical parameters used in the calculations were estimated from some preliminary sampling data. Use of this procedure is recommended in insect population studies as a method of optimally planning experiments, and as a method of making precise conclusions about the significance of specific effects.     

Interval estimation of the mean difference in the analysis of over‐dispersed count data

This paper focuses on the development and study of the confidence interval procedures for mean difference between two treatments in the analysis of over‐dispersed count data in order to measure the efficacy of the experimental treatment over the standard treatment in clinical trials. In this study, two simple methods are proposed. One is based on a sandwich estimator of the variance of the regression estimator using the generalized estimating equations (GEEs) approach of Zeger and Liang (1986) and the other is based on an estimator of the variance of a ratio estimator (1977). We also develop three other procedures following the procedures studied by Newcombe (1998) and the procedure studied by Beal (1987). As assessed by Monte Carlo simulations, all the procedures have reasonably well coverage properties. Moreover, the interval procedure based on GEEs outperforms other interval procedures in the sense that it maintains the coverage very close to the nominal coverage level and that it has the shortest interval length, a satisfactory location property, and a very simple form, which can be easily implemented in the applied fields. Illustrative applications in the biological studies for these confidence interval procedures are also presented.     

Mixed-model analysis of a censored normal distribution with reference to animal breeding

A mixed-model procedure for analysis of censored data assuming a multivariate normal distribution is described. A Bayesian framework is adopted which allows for estimation of fixed effects and variance components and prediction of random effects when records are left-censored. The procedure can be extended to right- and two-tailed censoring. The model employed is a generalized linear model, and the estimation equations resemble those arising in analysis of multivariate normal or categorical data with threshold models. Estimates of variance components are obtained using expressions similar to those employed in the EM algorithm for restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation under normality.     

Estimation of response to selection and utilization of control populations for additional information and accuracy

Problems associated with testing and estimation of response to selection are examined. An alternative procedure with increased power for testing hypotheses is given. The increased power results from a more precise method of estimating the variance about response. The new method is based on a Satterthwaite approximation which combines variance components estimated more precisely by other sources of variation in the analysis of variance. The expected variance about response and expected mean squares for the analysis of variance, used in the Satterthwaite procedure, are given. When intergeneration environmental trends cannot be ruled out, a control population must be used to estimate response to selection. However, if the experimental and control populations do not respond in the same direction and with the same magnitude to common environmental effects, then the usual method of estimating response by deviating the experimental values from the control will result in biased estimates. An alternative procedure, using the control as a covariate to adjust for environmental trends, gives relatively unbiased estimates of response in this situation. Some bias results from measurement error associated with the control. However, this bias is usually minimal.     

Genetic Analysis of Line x Tester Progenies Compared in Orthogonally Supplemented Efficiency Balanced Incomplete Block Designs

The theory which analyses the progenies of line X tester crossing procedure and one group of homozygous parents is presented. This analysis allows to conclude on genetics of a quantitative character of parents included in the experiment. The statistics like variance among parents, mean variance of progenies of lines, variance of tester progeny means and covariance of testers with means of their progenies can be derived. On that base one can get four different genetic parameters of variance. In a special case of experiment, it is possible to test the significance of additive variance.     

A Procedure for Clustering Means of Unequal-Sized Samples in ANOVA

The proposed procedure “SECOLICO” is based on the sequential construction of linear contrasts. After an analysis of variance the procedure is able to classify the treatments represented by mean values of unequal-sized samples made at random into distinguishable groups. For the purpose of illustrating the procedure “SECOLICO” a simplified example is given.     

利用家系群体鉴定数量性状多基因的存在

通过重复试验方差分析获得误差方差以探索只利用B、：2和B2：2或F2：3家系世代鉴定多基因存在的方法,混合分布参数的估计采用IECM算法,以油菜株高B1：2和B2：2家系平均数资料和千粒重F2：3家系平均数资料为例阐明该方法。     

利用单元内方差分析法估计遗传参数的探讨

在遗传力的估计过程中,需将多种非遗传因素的影响从公畜间方差或者母畜间方差中剔除。在我国常使用的是盛志廉教授提出的单元内同胞相关法。本文对该法从理论上进行了更详细的证明,并将其推广到两层分类方差分析时的情况。同时还给出了当公母畜彼此间有亲缘关系时,利用单元内方差分析估计遗传力的方法。这些方法既可使遗传力的估计简便,又具有多因方差分析的功用。     

Determining the number of specific proteins in cellular compartments by quantitative microscopy

This protocol describes a method for determining both the average number and variance of proteins, in the few to tens of copies, in isolated cellular compartments such as organelles and protein complexes. Other currently available protein quantification techniques either provide an average number, but lack information on the variance, or they are not suitable for reliably counting proteins present in the few to tens of copies. This protocol entails labeling of the cellular compartment with fluorescent primary-secondary antibody complexes, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopic imaging of the cellular compartment, digital image analysis and deconvolution of the fluorescence intensity data. A minimum of 2.5 d is required to complete the labeling, imaging and analysis of a set of samples. As an illustrative example, we describe in detail the procedure used to determine the copy number of proteins in synaptic vesicles. The same procedure can be applied to other organelles or signaling complexes.