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西北黄土区石油污染土壤原位微生物生态修复试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对西北黄土石油开采区石油污染土壤生物强化原位微生物生态修复方法的试验研究,充分利用强化原位微生物菌群辅以物理和化学方法与土壤环境相结合的微生物生态技术,进行了土壤中石油的降解与修复试验研究,试验结果显示,土壤中平均石油含量在2754mg/kg时,经过lld~32d强化原位微生物生态修复技术的修复,土壤中石油含量降解可达40.92%~80.37%,验证了微生物生态修复技术在西北黄土区土壤石油污染修复的有效性,探索了推广应用的可行性. 相似文献
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微生物修复被认为是去除石油污染物和修复石油污染土壤的一种经济、高效且无二次污染的绿色清洁技术。受土壤环境条件和石油污染物性质等因素制约,土壤中土著石油降解微生物常存在数量不足、活性偏低、生长缓慢等问题,导致修复效果不佳、修复周期偏长。微生物强化修复技术可有效提高微生物降解效能,通过投加具有降解效能的功能菌株或菌剂、营养物质、表面活性剂、生长基质及固定化微生物等手段,可改善提升土著微生物对石油污染土壤的修复效果。文中梳理了已报道的石油降解微生物的种类,总结了微生物修复石油污染土壤的主要影响因素,阐述了微生物强化修复石油土壤的多种有效策略,提出了微生物强化修复石油污染的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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低温微生物修复石油烃类污染土壤研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
耐冷菌、嗜冷菌等低温微生物广泛存在于极地、高山以及高纬度等土壤环境中,是石油烃类污染物在低温条件下降解与转化的重要微生物资源.利用低温微生物的独特优势,石油污染土壤的低温生物修复技术的研究成为当前热点领域.本文系统综述了低温石油烃降解菌的分类及冷适机制,低温微生物对不同类型石油烃组分的降解特征和降解机理,低温环境中接种降解菌、添加营养物质和表面活性剂等强化技术在石油污染土壤中生物修复的应用.以及微生物分子生物学技术在低温微生物降解石油烃的研究现状,为拓展我国石油污染土壤生物修复技术提供参考. 相似文献
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两株绿脓杆菌对石油污染土壤的修复作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文旨在研究环境条件下微生物对石油污染土壤的修复情况。从矿井周边土样定向筛选出两株绿脓杆菌,摇瓶降解实验发现,两菌混合培养10 d原油降解率达到95.67%,比单菌培养提高至少32%,即两菌对原油降解具有协同作用。根据降解实验结果制备了混合修复菌剂,并且人工构建石油污染场地,展开中试场地修复试验,模拟不同的操作条件下土壤中原油的降解情况。经60 d修复发现,添加了菌剂的场地,石油烃含量下降趋势明显,每克土壤中石油烃含量从初始的0.8%降至0.1%–0.3%,其中额外添加有机肥作为补充碳氮源的场地,总石油烃降解率最高,达到85.28%。而未添加菌剂的对照组石油烃含量仅减少25.85%。 相似文献
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Jing Chen Qiuyan Yang Taipeng Huang Yongkui Zhang Ranfeng Ding 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(6):1381-1389
This study focused on enhancing the bioremediation of soil contaminated with viscous oil by microorganisms and evaluating
two strategies. Construction of microbial consortium and ultraviolet mutation were both effective applications in the remediation
of soil contaminated with viscous oil. Results demonstrated that an interaction among the microorganisms existed and affected
the biodegradation rate. Strains inoculated equally into the test showed the best remediation, and an optimal microbial consortium
was achieved with a 7 days’ degradation rate of 49.22%. On the other hand, the use of ultraviolet mutation increased one strain’s
degrading ability from 41.83 to 52.42% in 7 days. Gas chromatography and mass spectrum analysis showed that microbial consortium
could treat more organic fractions of viscous oil, while ultraviolet mutation could be more effect on increasing one strain’s
degrading ability. 相似文献
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污染土壤生态修复理论内涵的初步探讨 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
污染土壤修复的目的是转移或转化土壤中有毒有害污染物,消除或减弱污染物毒性,恢复或部分恢复土壤的生态服务功能.由于土壤污染大多属于复合污染,通常需要用多种方法联合修复污染土壤.用一种统一的方法涵盖多种修复方法,注重系统内在修复功能同外加修复功能的有机结合,以及土壤生态服务功能的全面恢复是污染土壤修复的发展趋势.本文据此提出了污染土壤生态修复的概念,并指出生态修复应该遵从生态学的3个原理和3个原则.在生态修复中,生物修复的作用十分重要,但不同方法之间的组合服从于工艺优化原则.人为强化、激活土壤系统的净化功能,并实现同外加净化功能的耦合,可使修复效率大大提高.生态因子调控是污染土壤修复的必要前提,是生态修复的基本特征,是强化修复效果的重要手段.生态修复应该具有协调性、高效性与稳定性特征.生态修复的最终目标是土壤生态功能的恢复,生态修复的基准应该根据土壤的生态功能建立.生态修复理论将在指导污染土壤修复的实践方面发挥重要作用. 相似文献
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酞酸酯是目前世界上产量最大、应用面积最广的人工合成有机物,作为塑化剂被广泛应用于塑料制品中。近年来发现酞酸酯是一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物。随着生活中塑料制品日益增多,尤其是农用薄膜和有机肥的大量使用,农田土壤中酞酸酯污染日益加剧,酞酸酯污染土壤的修复逐渐引起国内外学者的广泛关注。生物修复具有价格低廉、效果良好和环境友好等特点,尤其适合于大面积污染农田土壤修复。从植物修复、微生物修复、植物微生物联合修复和动物修复等方面综述了国内外酞酸酯污染土壤生物修复的研究现状,并从高效修复植物筛选及机理探讨、实际污染土壤的降解菌修复研究、高效降解菌群的构建和作用机制等方面对该领域的研究进行了展望,以期为酞酸酯污染土壤的修复研究提供借鉴并拓展新的思路。 相似文献
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Bhupathiraju VK Krauter P Holman HY Conrad ME Daley PF Templeto AS Hunt JR Hernandez M Alvarez-Cohen L 《Biodegradation》2002,13(2):79-90
A combination of geochemical, microbiological and isotopic methods were used to evaluate in-situ bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons at one site contaminated with refinery waste and a second site contaminated with aviation gasoline at Alameda Point, California. At each site, geochemical and microbiological characteristics from four locations in the contaminated zone were compared to those from two uncontaminated background locations. At both sites, the geochemical indicators of in-situbiodegradation includeddepleted soil gas and groundwater oxygen, elevated groundwater alkalinity, and elevated soil gas carbon dioxide and methane in the contaminated zone relative to the background. Radiocarbon content of methane and carbon dioxide measured in soil gas at both sites indicated that they were derived from hydrocarbon contaminant degradation. Direct microscopy of soil core samples using cell wall stains and activity stains, revealed elevated microbial numbers and enhanced microbial activities in contaminated areas relative to background areas, corroborating geochemical findings. While microbial plate counts and microcosm studies using soil core samples provided laboratory evidence for the presence of some microbial activity and contaminant degradation abilities, they did not correlate well with either contaminant location, geochemical, isotopic, or direct microscopy data. 相似文献
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A 90 days greenhouse experiment was conducted for evaluation of soil microbial diversity in different treatments of rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric oil sludge contaminated soil. Various pot treatments (T1–T5) were as follows: 2% oil sludge contaminated soil was considered as control (T1); augmentation of control with preadapted microbial consortium was T2; addition of Vetiver zizanioide to control was T3; bioaugmentation of control along with V. zizanioide was T4; and bioaugmentation with V. zizanioide and bulking agent was T5. During the study, different microbial populations were determined in all treatments. Additionally, soil microbial diversity using polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) of 16S rDNA was carried out. At the end of experimental period, significant increase in microbial number in bioaugmented rhizospheric treatments (T4 and T5) was observed as compared to non-rhizospheric and non-bioaugmented treatments (T2 and T3). The community and sequencing results revealed that combined treatment of plant and microbes resulted in improved microbial species and number. The dominant phyla belonged to γ proteobacteria, β proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, firmicutes, and uncultured bacteria. It is concluded that plant–microbe–soil system supports immense oil degrading microbial diversity and can be used as an effective indicator tool for remediation of oil sludge contaminated sites. 相似文献
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Banks MK Kulakow P Schwab AP Chen Z Rathbone K 《International journal of phytoremediation》2003,5(3):225-234
Dissipation of petroleum contaminants in the rhizosphere is likely the result of enhanced microbial degradation. Plant roots may encourage rhizosphere microbial activity through exudation of nutrients and by providing channels for increased water flow and gas diffusion. Phytoremediation of crude oil in soil was examined in this study using carefully selected plant species monitored over specific plant growth stages. Four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes with differing root characteristics and levels of exudation were established in a sandy loam soil contaminated with 2700 mg crude oil/kg soil. Soils were sampled at three stages of plant growth: five leaf, flowering, and maturity. All vegetated treatments were associated with higher remediation efficiency, resulting in significantly lower total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations than unvegetated controls. A relationship between root exudation and bioremediation efficiency was not apparent for these genotypes, although the presence of all sorghum genotypes resulted in significant removal of crude oil from the impacted soil. 相似文献
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Assessing the applicability of phytoremediation of soils with mixed organic and heavy metal contaminants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reshma A. Chirakkara Claudio Cameselle Krishna R. Reddy 《Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology》2016,15(2):299-326
Soil pollution is a major environmental problem and many contaminated sites are tainted with a mixture of organic and heavy metal contaminants. Compared to other remedial strategies, phytoremediation is a low cost, environmentally-friendly, sustainable means of remediating the contamination. This review first provides an overview of phytoremediation studies where the soil is contaminated with just one type of pollutant (heavy metals or organics) and then critically evaluates the applicability of phytotechnologies for the remediation of contaminated sites where the soil is polluted by a mixture of organic and heavy metal contaminants. In most of the earlier research studies, mixed contamination was held to be detrimental to plant growth, yet there were instances where plant growth was more successful in soil with mixed contamination than in the soil with only individual contaminants. New effective phytoremediation strategies can be designed for remediation of co-contaminated sites using: (a) plants species especially adapted to grow in the contaminated site (hyperacumulators, local plants, transgenic plants); (b) endophytic bacteria to enhance the degradation in the rizhosphere; (c) soil amendments to increase the contaminants bioavailability [chelating agents and (bio)surfactants]; (d) soil fertilization to enhance the plant growth and microbial activity in the soil; and (e) coupling phytoremediation with other remediation technologies such as electrokinetic remediation or enhanced biodegradation in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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Phytoremediation is a nondestructive, cost-effective in-situ technology to clean up contaminated soils. In the case of contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons, plants enhance microbial degradation of the contaminant in the rhizosphere. The potential of this technology for the tropics should be high due to prevailing climatic conditions favoring plant growth and stimulating microbial activity. Investigations of the potential of tropical plants for phytoremediation, however, are scarce. The present work studied two grasses and six legumes from the eastern savannah of Venezuela on their reaction to crude oil contamination in soil. Results shall help to identify plants with a potential for phytoremediation and subsequent studies. Seedling emergence and biomass production were determined for plants growing in soil contaminated with 0%, 3%, and 5% heavy crude oil. Contamination had, in general, a tendential but not significant negative influence on seedling emergence. Dry matter production was reduced by only a few percent to up to 85%. Furthermore, in some legumes inhibition of nodulation was observed. The grass Brachiaria brizantha and the legumes Centrosema brasilianum and Calopogonium mucunoides are promising for phytoremediation because in contaminated soil they combined high seedling emergence with least affected biomass production. Since they are cultivated forage/soil cover species also in other regions of the tropics, their potential for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils extends beyond Venezuela. 相似文献