福建武夷山甜槠群落能量的研究

在生物量、生产力研究基础上,对武夷山甜槠（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｅｙｒｅｉ（Ｃｈａｍ ｐ．ｅｘ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．） Ｔｕｔｃｈ．）群落各组分的热值、群落能量现存量、能量年净固定量以及太阳能转化效率进行了研究。结果表明：（１）甜槠群落各组分样品的干重热值具有一定的差异,树皮热值最高,细根热值最低。（２）甜槠群落的能量现存量达７８０５８４．１ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,其中地上部分为６７８９１３．８ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,占总量的８６．９８％ ;地下部分为１０１６７０．３ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,占１３．０２％ 。（３）甜槠群落的能量年净固定量（１９９２年）为２６８５６．２ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２·ａ－ １,林地太阳光合有效辐射能的转化效率为１．２９６％ 。     

武夷山黄山松群落能量的研究

在生物量,生产力研究的基础上,通过干重热值测定,对黄山松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｔａｉｗａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）群落的能量现存量,能量净固定量及太阳能转化效率进行分析讨论,测定结果表明,（１）黄山松群各组分样品的干重热值具有一定的差异,树皮的干重热值最高,为２２．１４ｋＪ／ｇ,枯根的干重热最低,为１６．２７ｋＪ／ｇ。（２）黄山松群落的能量现存量为３７９８３２．３ｋＪ／ｍ＾２,其中地上部分为２７５４８８．０ｋＪ／ｍ＾２     

亚热带山地突脉青冈群落能量的研究

对突脉青冈（Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｅｌｅｖａｔｉｃｏｓｔａｔａ）群落植物体各组分的热值、群落能量现存量、能量年净固定量和太阳能转化效率的研究结果表明：该群落植物体各组分样品的干重热值具有一定差异,树皮热值最高,细根热值最低。突脉青同群落的能量现存量８５２０５８ｋＪｍ－２,其中地上部分７４１４１６ｋＪｍ－２,占总量的８７．０１％;地下部分１１０６４２ｋＪｍ－２,占１２．９９％。突脉青冈１９９６年群落能量净固定量为２８２７３ｋＪｍ－２,林地太阳光有效辐射能转化效率１．３５％。     

鹤山马占相思人工林的能量现存量及能量流动

通过测定广东鹤山一个马占相思（Ａｅａｅｉａ ｍａｎｇｉｕｎ）人工林的辐射能环境,优势种的净光合速率、呼吸速率和生产力,群落的生物量及热值,定量地刻划了太阳辐射能被马占相思群群吸收、固定、转化、损耗、积累和分配的生物能量学过程。全年抵达林冠上层的总太阳辐射能力４３５１．４ＭＪ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１,能量量为１４．８ＭＪ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１,折合光能利用效率为０．３４％,群落的能量正面量为１９３．９ＭＪ     

福建九龙江口秋茄红树林凋落物年际动态及其能流量的研究

福建九龙江口红树林生态系统研究的一个主要部分。通过对秋茄红树群落凋落物进行为期１１ａ（１９８２～１９９２年）逐月连续测定。结果表明：凋落物产量年际波动在６５１．２～１１０８．６ｇ／ｍ２ａ,１１ａ平均为８６２．９ｇ／ｍ２ａ,其中,叶占总量的６３．３％,枝１５．９％,果１５．３％,花５．５％。不同年份凋落物量变化率（Ｒ）为１．７。１年中凋落物量以夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季。凋落物能流量达１２７０２～２１６６４ｋＪ／ｍ２ａ,年际均值为１６８３２ｋＪ／ｍ２ａ,其中春季３８４７,夏季６５５７,秋季４２１４,冬季２２１４（ｋＪ／ｍ２）。各组分能流量分别为：落叶１０７５６,落枝２６８３,落花９３０,落果２４５３（ｋＪ／ｍ２ａ）。大量凋落物可为近海河口海洋生物提供可持续利用的有机物质和能量来源。     

深圳福田白骨壤群落Cr,Ni,Mn的累积及分布

探讨了深圳福田自然保护区白骨壤红树林对Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ的吸收、累积及分布．结果表明,该林地土壤Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ含量从底层至表层逐步提高;表层（０～３０ｃｍ深）３种元素含量分别为７．９７、２５．０和５３７μｇ·ｇ－１,贮量分别为１０９９．８６、３４５０．００和７４１０６．００ｍｇ·ｍ－２．白骨壤植物各部位Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ含量范围分别为０．２８～０．７５、０．４３～７．６５和２５～１５５２μｇ·ｇ－１;植物对表层土壤加权平均富集系数为Ｍｎ＞Ｎｉ≈Ｃｒ．该群落Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ的现存累积量分别为６．０６、２０．７６和１６３１．１７ｍｇ·ｍ－２,年净存留累积量分别为０．４３、１．４３和１０７．９８ｍｇ·ｍ－２;林地残留物相应元素储量分别为Ｃｒ７８．００μｇ·ｍ－２、Ｎｉ１５３６．３３μｇ·ｍ－２和Ｍｎ４０５．５４ｍｇ·ｍ－２．该林区３种不同类型群落叶层Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ现存累积量为白骨壤林＞桐花树林＞秋茄林,Ｍｎ为秋茄林＞白骨壤林＞桐花树林．     

西双版纳热带季节雨林和哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林优势植物及地表凋落物层的热值

 测定云南西双版纳热带季节雨林和哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林优势种植物叶片及地表凋落物层的干重热值,分析并比较了两地群落类型热值的差异及其与地理条件的关系。植物叶片分为鲜叶和凋落叶,地表凋落物层分为新鲜凋落物层（L层）和腐叶层（F层）进行取样测量,所有样品在60℃烘干至恒重,样品热值采用Parr1261氧弹式热量计测量。结果表明：西双版纳的11种植物鲜叶和凋落叶干重热值的变化范围分别是14.595 3～19.863 9和14.046 7～19.884 0 kJ·g^－1, L和F层的平均干重热值分别为17.419 6 和14.780 5 kJ·g^－1;哀牢山的10种植物鲜叶和凋落叶干重热值的变化范围分别是17.805 1～21.525 3和17.893 4～21.436 7 kJ·g^－1,L和F层的平均干重热值分别为19.208 4和17.494 7 kJ·g^－1。两地植物鲜叶与凋落叶干重热值的大小顺序近似或一致,即植物鲜 叶干重热值越高,其凋落叶干重热值也越高;植物鲜叶与凋落叶干重热值的差值有正有负, 因物种而异;西双版纳凋落物L与F层之间的热值差值显著地大于哀牢山两层凋落物的热值差值,可能是由西双版纳凋落物的分解速率较快导致的;两地样品的平均干重热值的顺序为：鲜叶＞凋落叶＞L层＞F层;将两地的相应样品对比发现,干重热值呈现为哀牢山＞西双版纳,体现出高海拔＞低海拔、高纬度＞低纬度以及常绿阔叶林＞热带季节雨林的特点。     

福建东山滨海沙地木麻黄林生态系统的能量特征

对福建东山县海岸带红壤性风积沙土与均一性风积沙土木麻黄群落的生物量、生产力、各组分干重热值、去灰分热值及能量分布与结构特征进行了研究.结果表明,红壤性风积沙土木麻黄群落的现存生物量和能量分别为1 681.84 g·m^-2和317 79.31 kJ·m^-2;均一性风积沙土木麻黄群落现存生物量和能量分别为 129.87 g^-1·m^-2和10 71.0kJ·m^-2;红壤性风积沙土的木麻黄群落各组分热值范围为19.84～21.70 kJ·g^-1,各组分能量在群落中所占比例为:干(38.09%)＞枝(19.48%)＞根(17.09%)＞叶(16.86%)＞皮(6.83%)＞枯枝(0.88%)＞果(0.77%),凋落物能量归还量为9 070.47 kJ·m^-2·yr^-1,群落能量的净固定量为31 298.70kJ·m^-2·yr^-1;均一性风积沙土木麻黄群落各组分热值在19.98～21.39kJ·g^-1,其中枯枝热值最高,根最低;各组分能量在群落中所占比例为:干(46.93%)＞根(16.44%)＞枝(13.92%)＞枯枝(12.28%)＞皮(5.87%)＞叶(3.90%)＞果(0.66%),凋落物能量归还量为2 061.77 kJ·m^-2·yr^-1,群落能量净固定量为12 662.82 kJ·m^-2·yr^-1.红壤性风积沙土上的木麻黄群落现存生物量和能量现存量均要高于均一性风积沙土,原因是红壤性风积沙土的沙土层薄(＜20 cm),土壤保水肥的能力要强于沙土层厚(＞100 em)的均一性风积沙土.     

黄淮海平原豫北地区农林业系统的能量研究

对黄淮海平原豫北地区农林业系统３种群落类型（沙兰杨－小麦·玉米（ＰＯＴＺ）、泡桐－小麦·玉米（ＰＡＴＺ）和苹果－小麦·花生（ＭＴＡ））进行了研究,结果表明,ＰＯＴＺ类型的年群落净固定能量为４３．６２３５×１０１０Ｊ·ｈａ－１,ＰＡＴＺ为４５．６４２６×１０１０Ｊ·ｈａ－１,ＭＴＡ为４９．６０００×１０１０Ｊ·ｈａ－１．年群落现存能量分别为５５．２１７４×１０１０,５７．７５９５×１０１０和７８．４６９９×１０１０Ｊ·ｈａ－１;群落的光能利用率分别为１．０００,１．０４７和１．１３８％．群落的能量效率分别比传统的农田系统增加１１．８３、１４．４５和２８．２５％．在农业林业系统中,苹果－小麦·花生群落类型为最佳群落类型．     

福州鼓山季风常绿阔叶林及其林缘几种植物叶热值和营养成分

研究了福州鼓山次生的南亚热带季风常绿阔叶要及其林缘不同层次１３种植物叶热值、灰分含是及营养成分。结果表明：群落的不同层次平均灰分含量从低到高依次是乔木层（６．８％）,草本层（８．５％）、灌木层（１０％）;平均含灰分热值（ＧＣＶ）从低到高低次是草本层（１６．８９ＫＪ／ｇ）、灌木层（１７．７５ＫＪ／ｇ）、乔木层（１９．７９ＫＪ／ｇ）;平均不含灰分热值（ＡＦＣＶ）从低到高依次是草本层（１８．５５ＫＪ／ｇ     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.